• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.202-216
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• 2001

Subject : After acupuncture at So-Chung(HT9) in humans(n=4) we intend to know the differents of acupuncture at acupuncture and non-acupuncture on the electrical frequency change and signal transmission along the meridian with different acupuncture manipulation method. Met6ods : The etectrical signal on the heart merdian acupuncture point, So-Bu(HT8), Shin-Moon(HT7) and So-Hae(HT3), and control non acupuncture points was measured by electrodes biopack instrument. Acupuncture needles(diameter: 0.25mm, length:30mm) were used for acupuncture. The frequency was recorded before, during and after needling the So-chung. Results : After acupuncture the components between 2 and 5Hz frequency level were decreased comparing with that of pre-acupuncture state. Time-delayed correlation coefficient was increased every 10 seconds. It imply that the signal may be transferred. These effects did not appear at non acupuncture point and also did not arise when there was no ki(氣) feeling. These results suggest that acupuncture stimulation is similar to 2~5Hz frequency electric acupuncture. and ki feeling and manipulation which can induce ki feeling is very important in acupuncture clinic.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.77-83
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the location of LI20 and ST3 by facial measurement according to Sasang Costitution, Sex and Age. Methods : To collect the photograph of face, we used the face measurement apparatus, and then analysed whether ST3 was located out of the nasolabial sulcus or not. Results : ST3 was located at the lateral to the nasolabial sulcus in 94.9%; 92.1% of Soyangin, 97.7% of Taeumin, 94.4% of Soeumin 92.3% of male, and 92.3% of female according to Sasang Constitution and sex. According to age distribution, the highest percentage(100%) was appeared at $16{\sim}20$ age, and the lowest(91.8%) was appeared at $70{\sim}74$ age. Conclusion : This study suggests that actual measurement would be nessesary with classical literature to determine the location of acupuncture point, and we need more study in other race.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.89-101
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• 2001

The conventional pattern-methods for discrimination of acupoint, meridian line which is the basic object of diagnosis and medical treatment in oriental medicine is discriminated the conduction point by the stimulation in body skin with DC. But, it is not sufficient to truth in discrimination ratio, coincident ratio, body effect, reproductivity. Therefore, this paper is extracting the optimal parameter of frequency and waveform in order to improve the conventional pattern, and proposing the SPAC(Single Power Alternative Current) stimulus pattern applying that. Also, this algorithm proposes to be able to discriminate with low pressure of the electrode by displaying in the level meter both the absolution and relation value of the skin current. It is able to decrease pain and body effect by electrode pressure and discriminate acupoint regardless of skin current in difficult discrimination spot. It is compared the performance of system applying the extracted optimal parameter and algorithm, and it is confirmed that there is difference in discrimination parameter of acupoint reacted to the individual and the meridian. It is compared that discrimination, coincident ratio of the traditional acupoints as the acupoint stimulation pattern. It is confirmed truth of optimal parameter and discrimination algorithm. Keyword: Meridian, Discrimination, Coincident, Body effect, Reproductivity, SPAC, Optimal parameter.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.89-103
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• 2006

Objectives: Recently, the effect of acupuncture has been approved not only in the East but also in the West, so the interest on acupuncture was greatly improved. Especially, functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) was embossed as the study tool for the mechanism of acupuncture noninvasively and many studies on the mechanism of acupuncture using fMRI were carried out. We archived the fMRI study on the brain activity induced by manual acupuncture at BL62(申脈). Methods: The study was the acupuncture at BL62(申脈) and we acquired 9 fMRI results from 6 persons$(age\;20{\sim}30,\;4\;male\;and\;2\;female)$. These studies employed The block design for mapping brain activity and acupuncture was perfomed at BL62(申脈) on the left foot. Results: The brain related motor function was cerebellum, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex and thalamus connected these elements. In the result of this study, the regions of significant activation in the cerebellum was centered on the spinocerebellum in the anterior lobe, so we presumed that this result showed the input of stimulation by the acupuncture on BL62(申脈). But basal ganglia and cerebral cortex showed the regions of significant activation in the left larger than the right and regions of the cerebral cortex was the motor and sensory cortex. Such a result explained that acupuncture at BL62(申脈) could have influence the motor function and acupuncture at left BL62(申脈) could affect the right side through the activation of the left basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. Conclusions: In the theory of crossing needling at collaterals(繆刺論), it the pathogenic factor invaded in the Yang Heel channel(陽?脈) that was one of the eight Extra meridians(奇經八脈), we recognized the disease of the collateral channel and used contralateral BL62(申脈) for treatment of the Yang Heel channel(陽?脈). Moreover the result of this study could bear the construction that acupuncture at the left BL62(申脈) treats the contralateral lesion and this construction is related to the theory of crossing needling at collaterals(繆刺論).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.20-32
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• 2014

Objectives : There has been some controversy about the modulatory effects on brain function during acupuncture on each side of the same acupoint. This study was designed to investigate and compare the blood oxygen level-dependent(BOLD) responses of acupuncture on each side of ST36. Methods : Fourteen healthy subjects were recruited for imaging and received acupuncture or placebo stimulations either on the left or on the right acupoint of ST36 in each scan. For the voxel-wise statistical analysis, one sample T-test and the within-subject analysis of variance(ANOVA) test were performed using SPM8 software. Results : This study showed that acupuncture on each side of ST36 showed different BOLD signal patterns. Higher BOLD responses after acupuncture stimulations at the left ST36 compared to the right were observed mainly in the parahippocampal gyrus(BA 28), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC, BA 44), thalamus, culmen and claustrum. We investigated the different neural responses between rest and activation periods of placebo and acupuncture stimulations on each side of ST36. Acupuncture at the right ST36 elicited activation mainly in the insula, supplementary motor area(SMA) and anterior cingulate cortex(ACC), while acupuncture at the left ST36 elicited activation mainly in the insula, primary somatosensory cortex(SI, BA 2) and DLPFC(BA 44). Conclusions : To our knowledge, this is the first reported functional MRI study directly comparing when needling at the right and at the left side of ST36. This study's preliminary results proved to be evidence of acupuncture's different effects when performed on opposite sides of an acupoint.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.404-409
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• 1998

To elucidate the effect of the acupoints of the limbo for canine electroacupunhur anesthesial total 140 heads of dogs were used. The animals were divided into 3 experimental groups(Gong-sun, San-yin-jiao and Qiang-feng and contro1 group(non-acupoint). The induction time, clinical findings and the results of operation using laparatomy were investigated under the electroacupunture anesthesia and compared with those of control. The induction time of electroacupunture anesthesia was very rapids about 1 minute in experimental groups, while it is unable to succeed in anesthesia of control group. As far clinical Bindings during electroacupunture anesthesia, the experimental animals had vivid consciousness and stability without tumult and barking. The success rate of operation was high with decreasing order of Gong-sun group(50/50, 100%) > San-yin·jiao group(26/30, 86.7%) 1 Qiag-feng group(18/ 30, 60%) in experimental groups. Considering above findings collectively, the combination of Gong-sun and San-yang-luo is thought to be best method among the acupoints of the limbs for canine electroacupunture anesthesia.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.311-314
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• 2001

To elucidate the effect of dorsal acupoints for canine electroacupuncture anesthesia, mongrel dogs(6 heads: 2.6-10.5kg, 3 males and 3 females) were used. After needling perpendicularly to Tian-Ping(GV-5) and Bai-Hui(GV-20), the electrodes were connected with positive to Tian-Ping and negative to Bi-hui, respectively using with veterinary electroacupuncture apparatus(TEC AM-3000). The electric conditions were 2-4V and 30 Hz. The pain of body surface was checked by hemostatic forceps. The effect of electroacupuncture andesthesia was appreciated by application of laparotomy(2 heads), ear trimming and tail amputation(1 head), castration(2 heads) and enterotomy(1 head), respectively. Induction time, clinical findings and operation findings were investigated under the electroacupuncture anesthesia. The induction time of electroacupuncture anesthesia was very rapid, approximately 1 minute and the pain of body surface including the extremities was not detected. As for clinical findings during electroacupuncture anesthesia, consciousness was evident, pupil reflex was weak and blepharoreaction was existed. As for operation findings, pain was not detected during incision and suture, and bleeding was relatively small volume. The grade of electroacupuncture anesthesia was excellent in all cases applied with ear trimming and tail amputation, laparatomy, castration and enterotomy. Considering above all findings, it was thought that electroacupuncture stimulation at Tian-Ping and Bai-hui examined in the present study induced excellent electroacupuncture anesthesia for dogs.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.55-65
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• 2007

Qi intention. Temperature variations on the outer skin above measured at acupuncture points, PC8, LI4, and ST7. Results : The change of temperature in PC8 of the Qigong trainees were significantly higher than that of non-trainees ($0.97{\pm}0.20$ vs. $0.45{\pm}0.10$ respectively, p< 0.05 ). The change of temperature of the other acupoints areas was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions : Qi intention resulted in temperature change at the outer skin on the specific acupoints.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2 s.30
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• pp.134-148
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• 1995

Dysmenorrhea is probably the most common of all Gynecologic disorders. In the oriental medicine the etiology of Dysmenorrhea is very various, but its mechanism is just that the block of the flow makes the pain. So its treatment is removing the pain by promoting menstrual flow, promoting the flow of qi and by warming channel and activating blood flow. In the various treatments of dysmenorrhea, the method of applying drug at the acupoints which could be combined with feeding herb-medicine by oral was studied. The results obtained here were as follows; 1. In the treatments of dysmenorrhea, the method of applying drug at the acupoints was mainly applied to the type dued to stagnancy of qi and blood stasis, menorrhalgia dued to to cold and dampness, and primary dysmenorrhea. 2. The acupoint used in this treatment was Shin-gwol$(CV_8)$, the umbilicus. 3. The drugs used in this treatment were almost same as oral herb-medicine mainly to activate the blood flow and remove the blood stasis and to promote the flow of qi by warming the channel and remove the pain. 4. The duration of the treatment is, from 3 days before menstration till its period or a few days after it., usually concentrated on fore-postmenstration. 5. The effect of this treatment was reported as excellent. It is more effective to the type of stagnancy of qi and blood stasis, cold and dampness than dued to deficiency of both qi and blood, and dued to the impaired liver-kidney essence. 6. The method of applying drug at the acupoint was as an external treatment, easy, economical, and had no pain and side effect. 7. In the treatments of dysmenorrhea, the method of applying drug at the acupoint could be used as emergency treatment and symptomatic treatment in fore-postmenstration.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.9-24
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• 2005

Objective: We have studied the effects of acupuncture and low level He-Ne laser therapy(LLLT) at $SI_3$, $BL_{40}$ on the tibial, sural nerve injury due to sports-damage or traffic accident and L5 spinal nerve ligature model like general herniation of nucleus pulposus(HNP) in a rat of neuopathic pain. Methods: A model of neuropathic pain was made by injuring tibial nerve and sural nerve while common peroneal nerve was maintained. Also, it was made by isolating left 5th lumbar spinal nerve. Three weeks after the neuropathic surgery, acupuncture and LLLT was injected at $SI_3$,$BL_{40}$ one time a day for one week. LLLT was divided three groups, that is LLLT-1(5mW), LLLT-2(10mW) and LLLT-3(30mW). After that, we examined the withdrawal response of neuropathic rats' legs by Von frey filament and acetone stimulation. And also we examined c-Fos, Nocieptin and KOR-3 in the midbrain central gray of neuropathic rats. Results: As we have observed the effect of mechanical allodynia, LLLT-3 group were diminished on 4 day, 5 day, 6 day and 7 day in the resection model compared with control model, LLLT-1 group were diminished on 5 day, LLLT-2 group were diminished on 3 day and 6 day, LLLT-3 group were diminished on 3 day, 4 day, 5 day, 6 day and 7 day in connected model compared with control group. As we have observed the effect of cold allodynia, LLLT-3 group were diminished on 7 day in the resection model compared with control model, LLLT-1 group were diminished on 6 day, 7 day, LLLT-3 group were diminished on 7 day in connected model compared with control group. As we have observed the effect of activity of c-Fos in the central gray part, LLLT-3 were diminished in resection model compared with control group, LLLT-1 group were diminished in connected model compared with control group. As we have observed the effect of activity of Nociceptin in the central gray part, resection model were not increased compared with control group, LLLT-1 group and LLLT-3 group were increased in connected model compared with control model. As we have observed the effect of activity of KOR-3 in the central gray part, resection model were not increased compared with control group, LLLT-3 group were increased in connected model compared with control model. Conclusions: We have noticed that LLLT-1 and LLLT-3 group have more controllable effect than acupuncture group. This study can be used in clinical therapy for neuropathic pain. But it is not reliability that Nociceptin and KOR-3 have effectively to control pain. Therefore We have to follow up about that.