• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.353-366
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• 2021

Objectives: An appropriate level of cost support is being proposed to maximize the participation rate. In addition, as the amount of support is highly concentrated at the level of the limit under the current level of supports, the level of cost support is low when the actual level of cost of measuring the working environment exceeds the limit. This paper describes the adjustment of an appropriate cost support rate. Methods: First, this paper analyzes the current cost support status using data from the KOSHA. Second, an alternative for adjusting the cost support rate is presented in consideration of the incentive aspect. Third, we present simulation results for the average cost support rate, the impact of each alternative on finance, and more. Fourth, the most desirable adjustment method is presented after comparing and analyzing the results of various alternatives. Results: In this paper, we present a new scale model. This model is a mixture of flat-rate, fixed rate, and subside cap. It is expected that the new model will not only facilitate participation in businesses with low measurement costs, but also have the effect of controlling measurement costs for institutions that incur greater costs. It is also expected that setting a cap will have the effect of considering government finances and inducing excessively costly institutions to reduce costs. Thus, the new model is likely to be superior to others. If the fourth plan is applied to new businesses and the fifth plan is applied to sustainable businesses, the average cost support rates will be 87.68 percent and 65.18 percent, respectively, and the needed finances will be 2.5 billion won, 18.8 billion won, and 21.3 billion won in total. Conclusions: It seems most desirable to introduce a new model that combines flat-rate, fixed-rate, and subsidy cap systems and achieve an appropriate cost support rate through this model.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2017

본 연구는 결합재에 따른 자기충전 콘크리트의 현장 최적배합비의 선정 및 이에 따른 현장 시공성과 경제성을 평가하기 위한 것이다. 결합재로 슬래그 함량이 46.5%인 슬래그계와 $C_2S$함량이 51.4%인 벨라이트계, 그리고 석회석 미분말이 사용되었다. 물-시멘트비를 대상으로 유동성, 충전성, 재령별 압축강도를 측정하여 현장 최적배합조건을 선정하였으며, 이에 따른 평가항목으로 응결시간, 블리딩, 침하깊이, 단열온도 상승시험을 실시하였다. 현장 시공성 및 경제성 평가를 위하여 현장시공에 따른 콘크리트 물량과 재료비를 분석하였다. 실험결과, 유동성 및 압축강도에 만족하는 물-시멘트비는 슬래그계 41.0%, 벨라이트계 51.0%이며, 응결시간 및 블리딩량 종료시간은 슬래그계가 빨랐지만, 블리딩량은 슬래그계가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 단열온도 상승량 및 상승속도는 벨라이트계가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 배처 플랜트의 최적 배합시간은 75초가 적합하였으며 생산량은 $100{\sim}110m^3/hr$이었다. 재료비 및 콘크리트 물량에서 벨라이트계가 슬래그계보다 각각 14.0% 및 3.3% 절감되는 것으로 나타났기 때문에, 재령별 압축강도 발현을 제외하면 벨라이트계 자기충전 콘크리트가 시공성 및 경제성 등에서 우수하였다.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.11-26
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• 2018

Purpose: This study is to help the construction of smart factories of other manufacturing enterprises through IDIS 's case of smart factory construction. Methods: We introduce the four phases of implementing smart factory building by IDIS company, which produces a small quantity of multi-odd units. Results: Through the smart factory construction, the cost of product is reduced due to the improvement of total productivity such as office work, production work, and energy saving, and sales are enhanced by customized production, quality / delivery reliability improvement. Conclusion: We present the actual examples needed to build the manufacturer's smart factory.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.65-78
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• 2011

건설사업은 복합, 중장기적인 사업특성상 프로젝트의 기획부터 시공 완료 단계까지 정확한 공사비 예측 및 확인, 정산 절차가 매우 중요하며, 기획에서 실시설계, 물량산출의 전 단계에 이르기까지 공사비와 관계된 리스크요인의 검토와 판단이 강조되고 있다. 그러나 공공주택의 입낙찰 금액의 심사 및 실행예산 편성 시 실적데이터에 의한 공사비 초과요인에 대한 검토와 조치, 공사비 리스크의 적절한 대응이 이루어지지 않고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2004년~2010년 준공분 공공주택 40개 현장의 준공정산서를 대상으로 세부공종별 실적공사비 항목을 사업초기 실행예산을 기준으로 비교하여, 실적공사비의 변동관계에서 나타나는 편차 및 변동 폭을 분석함으로써 불규칙적 공사비 리스크요인을 파악하고 정량적 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 연도별, 연면적별, 지역별, 공사금액별, 분양/임대방식별 다양한 공사비 리스크 요인 및 결과를 도출하였다. 연도별 정책과 경기 변동에 따른 공사비 리스크를 알 수 있었으며, 지역별, 연면적별 공사특성에 따른 공사비 리스크 항목을 도출하였다. 공사금액별 리스크 분석에서는 최저가낙찰제의 문제점을 알 수 있었으며, 공사비 초과 리스크 비중은 외주비와 자재비 항목에서 가장 크게 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 직접공사비 중 외주비 리스크는 지붕공사와 타일공사가 높게 나타났고, 자재비 리스크는 철근, 시멘트가 높게 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 향후 공공주택 실행예산 편성 시 분류 방식에 따라서 공사비 리스크 검토 공종 및 관리요소 분석을 위한 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2023

This study aimed to develop a modern textile design based on the formability of Frank Stella's paintings and to develop and present a fashion design that combines modern sensibility as a 3D virtual clothing program. The formative characteristics of Frank Stella's work were 'unity due to regular stripes', 'asymmetry due to geometric surface division', and 'decorabilitydue to colorful use'. Based on this, costume patterns and textiles based on Frank Stella's paintings were developed and six 3D virtual fashion design works were produced. The conclusion was as follows. First, it was confirmed that Frank Stella's work has a very wide range of applications to fashion products as abstract expression and minimal simplicity coexist visually. Second, various colors and forms of Frank Stella's paintings could be developed using textiles with visual formability, and originality as a fashion work applied with paintings could be maximized. Third, the development of 3D fashion using virtual programs had the ease of time efficiency, cost reduction, and spatiotemporal expansion of work processing compared to the actual costume production process. In addition, the simulation of 3D virtual wear made it easy to modify and recover the position of the textile to be applied to the costume and create a new design in the process of transforming the position of various textiles. It is expected that this study results will be used as basic data for the future conversion content industry in the painting and fashion industries.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.181-194
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the problems associated with the domestic fashion sewing industry and suggest solutions for re-development. The research methods are a content analysis of literature, including articles and reports, and interviewing practitioners who are in charge of the fashion industry. The problems of the domestic fashion sewing industry are as follows. 1. Weakness in price competitiveness and a lack of work. 2. Aging of workers and difficulty securing new workers. 3. The age of the production facilities and the lack of manpower required for mass production. 4. Unrealistically low cost of labor due to over-competition considering the lack of work.5. The prevalence of illegal label grinding. The solutions to the problems listed above are as follows. 1. Establishment of a win-win effort between fashion brands and sewing companies. 2. Allow systematic education, support, and development of a meister system for fostering sewing manpower. 3. Undertake efforts to improve the sewing work environment. 4. Establishment of the system for realizing the actual cost of labor. 5. Establishment of a quota system to secure domestic sewing production. 6. Construction of Smart DB to connect work orders. 7. Construction of a smart factory using technology such as automated systems of production suitable for the 4th Industrial Age. 8. Enforcement of specialized strategies to encourage fashion sewing companies, not only Seoul but also in other urban areas.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.321-332
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• 2013

건축물의 생애주기비용은 시행과정 전 단계에서 상호 연관되어 비용이 발생하며 각 단계마다 서로 간에 영향력이 존재한다. 하지만 건축 프로젝트의 각 단계별 CBS가 서로 상이하여 합리적인 공사비를 산정하는데 문제점이 발생한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존에 연구되었던 LCCBS를 바탕으로 건축 프로젝트 각 단계 간에 경계조건을 분석하였다. 또한 분석된 경계조건을 바탕으로 분절요인을 분석하고 이에 따른 연계방안을 모색하였다. 연계방안의 유효성 검증을 위해 실제 건축프로젝트를 바탕으로 사례적용을 실시하였다. 분석결과 누락되는 항목이 97.2%이상을 개선하였고 평균 6시간 빠르게 업무를 수행할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후, LCC 시스템에 적용함으로써 LCC의 효율적인 산정 및 LCC 절감을 계획할 수 있을 것으로 사료다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 1994

The annual income (gross margin) in 1989/90 of a sample of 274 farmers in seven milk cooperatives was analyzed in the sugar cane, cassava, and horticulture areas in East Java. On average dairying contributed 42%, crops 29% and off-farm revenue 29%. Dairy income was highest in the cassava area, where it compensated for the low crop income, and lowest in the sugar cane area. Farm area and average milk yield per day per cow correlated positively with farmer's income, whereas crop income increase significantly with farm area and with the number of cows. The level of total cost per cow had a negative impact on dairy and with the number of cows. The level of total cost per cow had a negative impact on dairy and on total income. Government officials and other professionals engaged in dairying had a significantly higher total income than those with their main occupation in dairying, cropping or working as farm labourers. Uneducated farmers obtained a significantly larger income through crops, whereas farmers with tertiary education obtained more income through off-farm work, This study suggests that more attention must be paid to the actual use of labour and the improvement of the dairy output/cost ratio.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2009

실적공사비 적산방식은 품셈견적, 실측견적, 단가견적, 및 총액견적 등 매우 다양하다. 표준품셈은 공공기관 및 민간기관의 공사비 책정기준이 되는 자료이다. 본 논문에서는 도로공사에 이용되는 기존 품셈견적의 문제점을 개선하기 위해 현장조사를 실시하고 분석하였으며 그 결과로 각 공종에 대한 실측견적 방법을 통계적 방법을 통해 제시하였다. 또한, 기존 품셈과 실측품셈을 공사단위의 비교를 통해 제안된 품셈이 보다 간단한 견적 작성을 가능하게 하고 보다 현실적인 공사금액을 산출함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 보조기층의 Case-Study를 통하여 각 방식별 장단점을 가시적으로 비교해 보았다. 실측품셈으로 적용하였을 경우, 계산과정은 기존품셈의 50%로 축소되었으며 1일 1장비 사용으로 기존의 1일미만 장비 사용에 대한 편차가 보완되었다. 또한 품셈만을 이용하여 공정의 시공내용을 짐작하고 이를 바탕으로 공정계획이나 인력투입계획 등을 수립할 수 있었다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.467-480
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• 2019

Standard estimates are the numerical data of a unit quantity required for construction work such as the amount of materials, manpower, and the use of equipment required and are also a basis to calculate construction costs. Unfortunately, standard estimates for construction have also been used for garden construction these days as no standard estimates for garden construction have been developed or documented until now. As a result, many problems have arisen at garden construction sites since landscape construction and garden construction differ in terms of scope, size, design and construction methods. The purpose of this study was to develop standard estimates for garden construction for proper calculation of the cost of garden construction and to ensure gardens are created following appropriate construction processes. In order to develop standard estimates for garden construction, a preliminary survey was conducted on experts to understand current issues at first. After that, a questionnaire survey was done to examine problems of construction processes and ways of improvement, and on-site inspections were conducted utilizing CCTVs at construction sites to identify the actual amount of manpower required on site. Based on the results of the surveys and on-site inspections, a draft version of standard estimates for 5 types of planting work for garden construction was developed. Developing standard estimates for garden construction will serve as a stepping stone for the transparent and proper compensation for garden construction work, which will not only contribute to addressing issues between consumers and construction companies, but also to the stabilization of market economy and job creation.