• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.511-518
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• 2022

Sepsis-associated myocardial injury, an invertible myocardial depression, is a common complication of sepsis. Neogambogic acid is an active compound in garcinia and exerts anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification properties. The role of neogambogic acid in sepsis-associated myocardial injury was assessed. Firstly, mice were pretreated with neogambogic acid and then subjected to lipopolysaccharide treatment to induce sepsis. Results showed that lipopolysaccharide treatment induced up-regulation of biomarkers involved in cardiac injury, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and troponin I (cTnI). However, pretreatment with neogambogic acid reduced levels of LDH, CK-MB, and cTnI, and ameliorated histopathological changes in the heart tissues of septic mice. Secondly, neogambogic acid also improved cardiac function in septic mice through reduction in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and enhancement of ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and left ventricular systolic mean pressure. Moreover, neogambogic acid suppressed cardiac apoptosis and inflammation in septic mice and reduced cardiac fibrosis. Lastly, protein expression of p-p38, p-JNK, and p-NF-κB in septic mice was decreased by neogambogic acid. In conclusion, neogambogic acid exerted anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, and anti-inflammatory effects in septic mice through the inactivation of MAPK/NF-κB pathway.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.33.1-33.1
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• 2020

Ram pressure stripping (RPS) which is known to be one of the key effects that can remove the interstellar gas in the dense environment, can be described as a simple momentum transfer relation (Gunn & Gott 1972). However, it has been suggested that the actual gas stripping process is likely more complicated than Gunn & Gott's prescription due to the complexity of gas physics such as compression, cooling and heating. By comparing the gas truncation radius predicted by theory with the stripping radius measured from the HI observation of Virgo cluster galaxies, we attempt to verify how well the RPS process can be understood by momentum transfer alone. Among the sample of galaxies undergoing active RPS, we generally find a good agreement between what is predicted and what is observed within the measurement uncertainties. However, those galaxies with the signs of other environmental effects than RPS such as tidal interaction, and/or the ones likely at relatively early or later stages of RPS show some offsets between the theory and the observation. These results imply that Gunn & Gott's formula works reasonably well in a broad sense when the RPS is a dominant process and the surrounding environment at the current location of the sample can be well defined. Otherwise, the impact of the second mechanism, as well as the (current and past) environment of the sample, should be more carefully reviewed to assess the impact of RPS on galaxy evolution.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.918-926
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• 2008

It is well known non-drug therapy for hypertension patients can reduce blood pressure. These types of therapy include maintaining ones ideal body weight, quitting smoking, consuming large amounts of fruits and vegetables consuming low levels of saturated fat and salt and regular exercise. Fermented milk protein derived biologically active peptides such as isoleucine-proline-proline_(IPP) or valine-proline-proline_(VPP) have been shown to lower blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. This study was conducted to investigate the antihypertensive effects of medical nutritional therapy _(MNT) in accordance with the consumption of fermented milk enriched with IPP and VPP. To accomplish this, we conducted a randomized case-controlled study of 43 subjects who had blood pressure levels greater than 120/80 mmHg. The subjects in the study group were randomly allocated into two groups, an MNT + fermented milk (100mL/day) group (n=21) and an MNT+L. helveticus fermented milk with tripeptides (IPP=2.2mg, VPP=2.6mg/100mL) group (n=22). The MNT included weight management, reduction of sodium, total fat and saturated fat intake, increased intake of fruits and vegetables, and increased intake of low fat dairy products. The treatments were administered for 12 weeks during which time no drug interventions were conducted. The daily intakes of total calories, fats, cholesterol and Na decreased significantly after 12 weeks of MNT in the control and the experimental groups. In addition, the systolic blood pressure de creased significantly in the control and experimental groups; however, the diastolic blood pressure only decreased significantly in the experimental group. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the intake of fermented milk containing IPP and VPP in conjunction with MNT exerted positive effects on the blood pressure of pre- and hypertensive subjects.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.317-322
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• 2015

This study was conducted to obtain basic data for deriving the appropriate application amount of insecticide for effective pest control. We have investigated the correlation among the application amount of insecticide, the adhesion amount of active ingredient and the pest control effect. The linear standard curve of acetamiprid was $R^2=0.9994$, and the scope of the recovery factor was between 71% and 93% with less than 6% of the coefficient of variation. During the test conducted in 2015, the application amount was reduced to 302 L/10a which was 70 L less than the previous year and the spraying pressure was reduced as well. After analyzing the adhesion amount of active ingredient, it was found that a correlation coefficient of adhesion amount of the active ingredients became lower from 82% to 69%, that indicated insecticide liquid was evenly distributed compared to 2014. Also more than 95% of control effect was displayed, thereby indicating that there is a close relation with the correlation coefficient of the adhesion amount of active ingredient. It also presented that the adhesion amount of active ingredient on the ground was 2.2 times more than that on the leaves of apple trees.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.433-438
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• 1999

This paper describes Active Noise Cancellation/Control(ANC) method that removes the information of the unnecessary noise and doesn't remove the informations of the necessary noise(warning sound, operating sound etc.) for the induced noise of the mechanical system. In this paper, the noise source Is axial fan, and the Feedback Active Noise control method that can effectively control BPF generated from the axial fan is used, and the Filtered-X LMS algorithm for adaptive algorithms is used. The experiments are executed for two case(propagating noise in the duct, emission noise for exterior free field). The part to be removed is BPF noise, and the band-pass filter not to effect to the other frequencies is used. Also, to investigate the effect of the noise reduction for human, we are compared with the results that are controlled for using Loudness before and after. As a results, we are certified that the BPF is decreased only and frequencies outside of BPF are not affected, and we acquire the reduction effects of 6.7 dB Loudness Level, then the frequency to be removed is controlled. Therefore, we can be certified that sound pressure as well as loudness can be effectively decreased for human sound quality

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 2018

Purpose Renin is a proteolytic enzyme synthesized and secreted from epidermal(juxtaglomerular) cells in kidney. Renin acts on the renin substrate angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin I, and then angiotensin II is produced by the action of angiotensin converting enzyme. This causes the adrenal glands to boost blood pressure (vasoconstriction) and promote aldosterone secretion. While Plasma renin activity (PRA) is to test angiotensin I, the active renin concentration (ARC) is a renin test directly. They have different test methods and their own substrates. However, these two methods are sometimes interpreted as the same as a result. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the ARC test by comparing the results between PRA and ARC. Materials and Methods For the diversity of the experiment, 26 samples were requested to test with PRA(TFB company) and ARC(Cisbio company) to other institution. We compared and analyzed PRA(Immunotech company) and ARC(Cisbio company) tests using 28 samples from September $15^{th}$ to October $13^{th}$ in 2017. The statistical analysis method for PRA/ARC evaluated the usefulness using Microsoft Excel program by verifying a correlation analysis of Aldosterone/PRA ratio and a correlation analysis of Aldosterone/ARC ratio and conducting T-test. Results The regression equation of the PRA(Immunotech company)/ARC(Cisbio company), which was tested in the department, was y = 0.0619x + 0.4615 and the correlation coefficient was 0.73. The regression equation of the PRA(TFB company)/ARC(Cisbio company), which was tested in the other institution, was y = 0.0888x + 0.3316 and the correlation coefficient was 0.91. In addition, The regression equation of Aldosterone / PRA ratio and Aldosterone / ARC ratio was y = 0.875x - 11.688 and the correlation coefficient was 0.87. Plus T - test showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion Both tests showed a strong positive correlation, but this only represents the strength and direction of the relationship between the two tests. Furthermore, the actual results showed somewhat differences. It is presumed that the measured value was influenced by the endogenous renin group mass in the plasma, the condition of the enzyme reaction and the kind of the inhibitor. When the active renin concentration (ARC) test is performed, it is useful to distinguish between the two tests as they are complementary.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.303-308
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• 2010

Excessive oral and maxillofacial bleeding causes upper airway obstruction, bronchotracheal and gastric aspiration and hypovolemic shock. Therefore, the rapid and correct bleeding control is very important for saving lives in the emergency room. Despite the conventional bleeding control methods of wiring (jaw fracture, wound suture and direct pressure), continuous bleeding can occur due to the presence of various bleeding disorders. There are five main causes for excessive bleeding disorders in the clinical phase; (1) vascular wall alteration (infection, scurvy etc.), (2) disorders of platelet function (3) thrombocytopenic purpura (4) inherited disorders of coagulation, and (5) acquired disorders of coagulation (liver disease, anticoagulant drug etc.). In particular, infections can alter the structure and function of the vascular wall to a point at which the patient may have a clinical bleeding problem due to vessel engorgement and erosion. Wound infection is a frequent cause of postoperative active bleeding. To prevent postoperative bleeding, early infection control using a wound suture with proper drainage establishment is very important, particularly in the active bleeding sites in a contaminated emergency room. This is a case report of a rational bleeding control method by rapid wiring, wound suture with drainage of a rubber strip & iodoform gauze and wet gauze packing, in a 26-year-old male cerebral palsy patient with active oral and maxillofacial bleeding injuries caused by a traffic accident.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.14-17
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• 1999

Tin oxide films as an anode layer for microbatteries were deposited by using rf magnetron sputtering. Characterization of the films was carried out in terms of working pressure in the range of 5~30 mtorr. Rf power and substrate temperature during deposition were fixed at 2.5W/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and A.T., respectively. The crystal orientation of $SnO_2$films was changed from (110) to (101) or (211) with the increasing working pressure. Refractive index and film density of the films also decreased with the increasing working pressure. The $SnO_2$ thin film formed under optimum conditions was found to have a reversible capacity of 446.9$\mu$Ah/$\textrm{cm}^2$-$\mu\textrm{m}$ and good reversibility when the working pressure was fixed at 10mtorr. As the working pressure decreased, film density increased. It was thought that the capacity of $SnO_2$films increased due to the increase in the amount of active materials which can react with Li electrochemically. Furthermore, cycle characteristics of the anode material was also influenced by film stress.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.9-13
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• 2012

The present study has been carried out to diagnose the temperature safety of a boiler desuperheater which decreases abnormally higher temperature of superheated steam in a reheater of a power plant. The liquid water in the desuperheater stays in a closed space. It becomes heated by the high temperature superheated steam and boiling could occur. Boiling might increase internal pressure and it could destroy the desuperheater if the internal pressure exceeds the allowable pressure of the desuperheater. The present study modeled reasonably the desuperheater and four cases of heat transfer analysis are executed with the consideration of insulator and natural convective fluid flow of the inside cooling water. For the case excluded the natural convective fluid flow, the temperature exceeds the allowable temperature and pressure. On the other hand, for the real case included natural convective fluid flow and insulator, the active heat transfer from higher temperature region to lower temperature region occurs and it makes the temperature in the cooling water below the allowable temperature and pressure. From this fact, it could be thought that the desuperheater in the reheater is safe from destroy or back flow.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.265.2-265.2
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• 2016

Oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) have attracted considerable interest for gate diver and pixel switching devices of the active matrix (AM) liquid crystal display (LCD) and organic light emitting diode (OLED) display because of their high field effect mobility, transparency in visible light region, and low temperature processing below $300^{\circ}C$. Recently, oxide TFTs with polycrystalline In-Ga-O(IGO) channel layer reported by Ebata. et. al. showed a amazing field effect mobility of $39.1cm^2/Vs$. The reason having high field effect mobility of IGO TFTs is because $In_2O_3$ has a bixbyite structure in which linear chains of edge sharing InO6 octahedral are isotropic. In this work, we investigated the characteristics and the effects of oxygen partial pressure significantly changed the IGO thin-films and IGO TFTs transfer characteristics. IGO thin-film were fabricated by rf-magnetron sputtering with different oxygen partial pressure ($O_2/(Ar+O_2)$, $Po_2$)ratios. IGO thin film Varies depending on the oxygen partial pressure of 0.1%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 10% have been some significant changes in the electrical characteristics. Also the IGO TFTs VTH value conspicuously shifted in the positive direction, from -8 to 11V as the $Po_2$ increased from 1% to 10%. At $Po_2$ was 5%, IGO TFTs showed a high drain current on/off ratio of ${\sim}10^8$, a field-effect mobility of $84cm^2/Vs$, a threshold voltage of 1.5V, and a subthreshold slpe(SS) of 0.2V/decade from log(IDS) vs VGS.