• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

Active polymer gels expand and contract in response to certain environmental stimuli, such as the application of an electric field or a change in the pH level of the surroundings. This ability to achieve large, reversible deformations with no external mechanical loading has generated much interest in the use of these gels as biomimetic actuators and artificial muscles. In this study, poly (vinyl alcohol)(PVA) grafted acrylic acid monomer (PVA-g-AAc) hydrogels were prepared by $^{60}Co$ ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiation and their properties such as degree of grafting and weight swelling in electrostimulation as an artificial muscle and actuator were investigated.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.946-953
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• 1996

The effect of absorbed dose, dose rate, cationic salts and solvent on the grafting yield was evaluated when acrylic acid was grafted onto polypropylene fabric by simultaneous irradiation process. Low dose rate when irradiated with the same absorbed dose led to a high grafting yield. On the other hand, the grafting yield increased with dose rate in case the total irradiation times is equal, and the initial rate of grafting was found to be proportional to be 0.74 power of dose rate. $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ was found to be the most effective additive for high grafting yield, while inhibiting homopolymer formation. It was impossible to induce radiation grafting without the addition of the certain amount of salt, but the grafting yield decreased with increasing metallic salt.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.139-141
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• 2000

Carboxylic acid group was introduced onto polyethylene (PE) film by the grafting of acrylic acid onto PE film irradiated with electron beam. The grafting Condition such as reaction temperature, additives, total irradiation dose, thickness of PE film, and monomer concentration was examined. The extent of grafting was found to increase with increasing reaction temperature and total irradiation dose. The grafting yield was much enhanced with the addition of both FeSO$_4$ 7H$_2$O and H$_2$SO$_4$.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.43-49
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• 1998

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheets were treated with corona discharge to produce peroxy radicals on the surfaces. The peroxy radicals formed on the PVC surfaces were subsequently used as initiators for the graft polymerization of acrylic acid or acrylamide in an aqueous solution. Introduction of acrylic acid and acrylamide on the PVC sheet could be confirmed by the observation of carbonyl and primary amine absorptions based on carboxylic acid and amide, respectively. The water contact angle$(90^\circ)$ of PVC sheet was constant, irrespective of time, while corona-treated and functional monomer-grafted PVCs were slowly increased with time, showing the rearrangement of surface polar groups in air condition. The water contact angle of PVC sheet$(90^\circ)$ was decreased by corona treatment$(78^\circ)$, and further decreased by the grafting of acrylic acid$(55^\circ)$ and acrylamide$(56^\circ)$ , indicating increased hydrophilicity of the modified surfaces. The half-life periods of surface voltage on acrylic acid- (62 sec) and acrylamide-grafted PVC (147sec) were significantly decreased when compared to those on PVC (3,115 sec) and corona-treated PVC (463sec). These results mean that acrylic acid- and acrylamide-grafted PVCs could be used as the antistatic sheets.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.195-201
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• 1978

The radiation-induced graft polymerization of methacrlic acid and methyl methacrylate onto a polyester fabric was investigated with ${\gamma}$-ray as the radiation source, and the rate of grafting was examined. When acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and methyl methacrylate were grafted onto a polyester fabric, grafting efficiency was depened upon the dielectric constant of the solvent in the monomer mixture. The yield of the graft polymerization was related to the total dose, the concentration of the monomer, and the concentration of the swelling agent. The melting point and the glass transition temperature of MA and MMA grafted copolymers were analysed by means of DTA. Physical properties, such as the moisture regain, the antistatic property, and the wicking time were measured.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.29-30
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• 2010

Cotton fabric is usually dyed with anionic dyes such as direct and reactive dyes. Naturally, there is no affinity for basic dyes to cotton fiber. In this study, to improve the dyeability of cotton fiber with cationic dyes, the fabric was pretreated with air plasma and grafted with acrylic acid to create acidic groups on the surface of cotton fibers. The grafted samples were dyed with natural cationic dye extracted from roots of berberis vulgaris. The effect of plasma treatment and grafting of acrylic acid on the color strength of cotton fabric was studied.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.123-123
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• 1998

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.279-286
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• 2002

For surface modification of polymers with hydrophilic functional groups, acrylic acid was grafted and immobilized on the surface of polyethylene(PE) by cold-plasma treatment using Ar gas. The modifications were identified by analysis of ATR-IR spectrum and by the measurement of contact angles. Compared to virgin PE significant decreases in contact angle were observed for both the grafted PE and the immobilized PE. The decreases of contact angle were in the range of 47~$53^{\circ}$ for grafted PE and 23~$26^{\circ}$ for immobilized PE. The degree of hydrophilicity depended strongly on the plasma-treating time and discharge power. For the case of grafting it has show that the longer plasma-treating time, the higher hydrophilic character. For the case of immobilization, whereas, higher discharge power and longer exposure to plasma have shown the detrimental effect for the preparation of hydrophilic PE surface due to the decrease of carboxyl group by ablation effect. The decrease in adhesion strength of immobilized PE. compared to grafted PE, was also attributed to the ablation of carboxyl group.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.512-517
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• 2007

The grafting of styrene, glycidylmethacrylate (GMA) or acrylic acid (AAc) onto kapok fiber were performed by $Co_{60}\;{\gamma}-ray$ radiation-induced graft copolymerization. Degree of grafting (DG) of copolymers were increased with increasing monomer concentration and radiation dose. In addition to we confirmed the introduced functional group and measured ion exchange capacity. Morphology of the ion exchange fibers and their structures were analyzed by SEM and FT-IR.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.649-655
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• 2013

In order to use as supporters for the reinforced composite fuel cell membrane, poly(acrylic acid)-grafted porous polytetrafluoroethylenes (PTFEs) were prepared via introduction of poly(acrylic acid) graft chains by a radiation grafting method. FTIR was utilized to confirm the successful introduction of poly(acrylic acid) graft polymer chains into the porous PTFEs. Contact angles were examined to observe the hydrophilicity of the surface of the prepared substrates. The result indicates that the hyrophilicity of the surface in the prepared substrates increases with an increase in the number of hydrophilic polymer chains. FE-SEM, gurley number, and tensile strength were also utilized to characterize the prepared substrates.