• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.41-47
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• 2014

Purpose - This paper investigates whether one's occupation influences one's attitude toward people with HIV/AIDS and suggests ways to counter HIV-related stigma in different work settings. Two samples comprising workers in different environments and occupations with contrasting personalities were chosen. Thus, security guards (authoritarian types) and catering workers (social types) were included. Research design, data, and methodology - The sample comprised246 service staff from the Rhodes University Catering Division and the Hi-Tec Security company, both in Grahamstown, South Africa, a small Eastern Cape province town. All employees at these organizations during the survey were eligible to participate. Results -The security sample displays significantly higher personal stigma scores than the catering sample, according to the Visser personal stigma scale (mean scores of 4.01 and 1.37, respectively; t=10.30, df=244, p=0.00). Similar results were found using Visser subscales. Conclusions - This study shows that occupation is a strong predictor of HIV-related stigma in the workplace, suggesting that workplace settings, by attracting particular personalities and influencing workers, may shape attitudes towards those who are HIV positive.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.413-416
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• 2009

Since the start of the antibiotic era, syphilis has become rare. However, in recent times, it has tended to be prevalent concomitantly with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and coinfection in North America and Europe. Now, such cases are expected to increase in elsewhere including Korea. A 40-year-old male patient visited hospital complaining of a headache for about one month. Brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, showed leptomeninged enhancing mass with edema an right porisylvian region, which was suspected to be glioma. Patient underwent a blood test and was diagnosed with syphilis and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Partial cortical and subcortical resection were performed after small craniotomy. The dura was thick, adhered to the brain cortex, and was accompanied by hyperemic change of the cortex. The pathologic diagnosis was meningovascular syphilis (MS) in HIV infection. After the operation, the patient was treated with aqueous penicillin G. Thereafter, he had no neurological deficit except intermittent headache. At first, this case was suspected to be glioma, but it was eventually diagnosed as MS in HIV coinfection. At this point the case was judged to be worth reporting.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.2466-2472
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• 2013

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is a causative agent of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which has affected a large population of the world. Viral envelope glycoprotein (gp120) is an intrinsic protein for HIV-1 to enter into human host cells. Molecular docking guided molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed to explore the interaction mechanism of heterobiaryl derivative with gp120. MD simulation result of inhibitor-gp120 complex demonstrated stability. Our MD simulation results are consistent with most of the previous mutational and modeling studies. Inhibitor has an interaction with the CD4 binding region. Van der Waals interaction between inhibitor and Val255, Thr257, Asn425, Met426 and Trp427 were important. This preliminary MD model could be useful in exploiting heterobiaryl-gp120 interaction in greater detail, and will likely to shed lights for further utilization in the development of more potent inhibitors.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.307-316
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigated the vulnerability to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and associated factors among married women in northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey (n=657) was conducted from April 1 to 15, 2020, in Metema District, northwest Ethiopia, in four randomly selected kebele administrations (the lowest level of local government). The inclusion criteria were married women aged ≥18 years residing with their husbands. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with married women's vulnerability to HIV infection. Results: Participants were on average 33.70±9.50 years and nearly one-fourth (n=148, 22.5%) were identified as vulnerable to HIV infection (i.e., experienced sexually transmitted disease symptoms or an extramarital affair of either spouse within the past 12 months). Only 18.9% reported sexual communication with their husband. Respondents who did not discuss the risk of HIV infection with their husbands had fivefold odds of vulnerability (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 5.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-17.5). Those who did not have premarital sex (AOR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.05-0.77) had no worries about HIV infection (AOR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08-0.94), sufficient income (AOR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.16-0.86), and less than four children (AOR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50-0.97) had decreased odds of being vulnerable to HIV than their counterparts. Conclusion: Not discussing risk of HIV infection with husband was a major factor of vulnerability to HIV infection as was premarital sex, worry about HIV, income, and number of children. Measures to strengthen couple's sexual communication and support economical stability is important for decreasing HIV vulnerability.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.238-247
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• 2023

Objectives: Low adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of virus transmission from mother to newborn. Increasing mothers' knowledge and motivation to access treatment has been identified as a critical factor in prevention. Therefore, this research aimed to explore barriers and enablers in accessing HIV care and treatment services. Methods: This research was the first phase of a mixed-method analysis conducted in Kupang, a remote city in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Samples were taken by purposive sampling of 17 people interviewed, consisting of 6 mothers with HIV, 5 peer facilitators, and 6 health workers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and document review. Inductive thematic analysis was also performed. The existing data were grouped into several themes, then relationships and linkages were drawn from each group of informants. Results: Barriers to accessing care and treatment were lack of knowledge about the benefits of ARV; stigma from within and the surrounding environment; difficulty in accessing services due to distance, time, and cost; completeness of administration; drugs' side effects; and the quality of health workers and HIV services. Conclusions: There was a need for a structured and integrated model of peer support to improve ARV uptake and treatment in pregnant women with HIV. This research identified needs including mini-counseling sessions designed to address psychosocial barriers as an integrated approach to support antenatal care that can effectively assist HIV-positive pregnant women in improving treatment adherence.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.597-603
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• 2001

In the mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of HIV infection described in previous papers, the population under consideration is assumed to be homogeneous community of homosexual males for which the parameter x represents the constant rate at which individual members of the population acquire new sexual partners. This is a gross oversimplification since it is well known that individuals vary widely in their levels of sexual activity and in this papers the heterogeneous model is modified to allow for this variation. The pattern on the epidemic character of HIV, the causative agent of AIDS, was analysed by heterogeneous-mixing model. The computer simulation was performed using real date.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.753-759
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• 2011

The HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) causes AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). The process of infection and mutation by HIV can be described by a 3rd order state equation. For this HIV model that includes the dynamics of the mutant virus, we present a parameter estimation scheme using two state variables sporadically measured, out of the three, by employing a genetic algorithm. It is assumed that these non-uniformly sampled measurements are subject to random noises. The effectiveness of the proposed parameter estimation is demonstrated by simulations. In addition, the estimated parameters are used to analyze the equilibrium points of the HIV model, and the results are shown to be consistent with those previously obtained.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.135-137
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• 2009

Mathematical models for describing the Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) infection can be devised to better understand how the HIV causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS). The HIV models can then be used to find clues to curing AIDS from a control theoretical point of view. Some models take Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes(CTL) response to HIV infection into account, and others consider mutants against the drugs. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no model developed, which describes CTL response and mutant HIV together. Hence we propose a unified model to consider both of these. On the basis of the resulting model, we also present a Model Predictive Control(MPC) scheme to find an optimal treatment strategy. The optimization is performed under the assumption that the Structured Treatment Interruption(STI) policy is employed.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.311-315
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• 1996

The retroviral Gag polyprotein directs the assembly of virion particles and plays an important role in some events after entry into a host cell. The Gag polyprotein of a virus mixture is responsible for inducing murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) when injected into susceptible strains of mice. In order to identify the host cellular proteins which interact with the MAIDS virus Gag proteins and possibly mediate the function of the Gag proteins, mouse T-cell leukemic cDNA expression library was screened using the yeast GAL4 two hybrid system. Of 11 individual positive clones, the clone Y1 was selected for the study of protein-protein interaction. Its DNA sequence revealed that it was an exact match to the murine SH3 domain-containing protein SH3P8. It is expressed as 2.4 kbp transcripts in testis at higher levels and in various tissues tested at lower levels. Glutathione S-transferase-Y1 fusion protein binds tightly to $Pr60^{def-gag}$ as well as $Pr65^{eco-gag}$.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.241-248
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• 2005

This study examined the effects of a photographic exhibition of HIV/AIDS on people's AIDS knowledge and attitudes. The subjects in this study were 620 people who came to see the AIDS photo exhibition that was held in Seoul, Ansan and Ulsan area. The data were collected before and after seeing the AIDS photo exhibition by using structured questionnaires from July 21, 2003 to July 31, 2004. The result indicated that there were differences in AIDS knowledge and attitudes after viewing the photo exhibition and the differences were statistically significant. The results suggested that the AIDS photo exhibition was effective for increasing knowledge about AIDS and changing the attitude toward people with AIDS. Therefore, it is recommended to utilize the AIDS photos exhibition for AIDS prevention education.