• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.549-554
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of storage atmosphere sterilization using acidic electrolyzed water for table grapes (Vitis labrusca L.). ‘Campbell Early’ and ‘Sheridan’ grapes were stored at $0^{\circ}C$ for 12 weeks under the atmosphere that was passed through an acidic electrolyzed water for sterilization. Storage atmosphere sterilization using acidic electrolyzed water did not influence on the changes in soluble solids, titratable acidity, soluble tannins, anthocyanins, ethanol, acetaldehyde and organoleptic quality attributes including color, aroma, texture, juiciness and sweetness of both varieties during storage. Growth of bacteria and fungus in grapes during storage, however, was inhibited by storage atmosphere sterilization. These results suggest that the storage atmosphere sterilization using acidic electrolyzed water can be utilized for improving the storage life of table grapes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.736-740
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• 2004

Preparation of ginseng concentrate with high content of acidic polysaccharide from white tail ginseng marc that was obtained after preparation of white tail ginseng extract. As a result of extraction of white tail ginseng under various concentrations of ethanol (0∼90%), both amount of acidic polysaccharide and extraction yield decreased by increasing the ethanol concentration. However, acidic polysaccharide extracted by water from white tail ginseng marc was increased in accordance with the increase of ethanol concentration. The optimal condition for the extraction of acidic polysaccharide from the marc was treatment of $\alpha$-amylase in 390∼650 unit/g residue/15 mL of distilled water for 5 min at 4$0^{\circ}C$. The amount of acidic polysaccharide in water extract of the marc was increased from 8.3% to 10.5% by the treatment of $\alpha$-amylase. A new ginseng extract mixture was manufactured by mixing 50% ethanol extract of white tail ginseng and water extract of alcoholic residue in the ratio of 8:2 (w/w). Crude saponin content and acidic polysaccharide content were 10.5% and 17%, respectively. The mixture had a same crude saponin content and twice acidic polysaccharide content comparing to 50% ethanol extract of white tail ginseng. It suggests that preparation of new ginseng concentrate with high content of acidic polysaccharide from white tail ginseng marc has high potencies in the utilization of waste material.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.202-205
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum conditions for extraction of acidic polysaccharide from red ginseng marc produced by manufacturing alcoholic and water extract from red ginseng. Extraction efficacy of acidic polysaccharide from dried red ginseng marc was higher than that before drying. The appropriate conditions for the extraction of acidic polysaccharide from red ginseng marc were particle size under 3.35 mm after drying red ginseng marc, 1∼2 hours of extraction time and 2∼3 extraction times, respectively. The amount of acidic polysaccharide in water extract from red ginseng marc treated with $\alpha$-amylase and cellulase increased about 20∼50%. From the above resuts, we suggest that red ginseng marc produced by manufacturing alcoholic and water extract of red ginseng has higher potencies in the utilization of waste materials.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 1993

We investigated the ph change of water caused by several fuel gases regarded as the main cause of the air pollution, To find out the main cause of increase of the acidity of the rain. We measured it while injrcting each fuel gas directiy to the distilled water. It was observed that bunker-c oil gas and anthracite coal gas were the main cause to make the ph of the solution lowest. We examined the effects of simulated acidic water solutions on several plant species. Simulated acidic rain made by bunker-c oil gas has significant symptom on the saxifraga stolonifera and commelina communis, while no injury was observed on plants exposed to simulated rainfall made by anthracite coal gas.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 1993

The method for colorimetric determination of acidic polysaccharide from Panax ginseng was investigated. It is possible to apply the method of carbazole-sulfuric acid to determination of pectin, and also to measure the amount of pectin in the mixture of various high molemlu compounds such as starch. cellulose and gum, etc. When the method of carbazole-sulfuric acid was applied to determine the amount of acidic polysaccharide, optical density at 525 nm increased linearly with an increase in the concentration of pure acidic polysaccharide. Effective extraction temperature with water for the determination of the amount of ginseng acidic polysaccharide (GAP) was $80{\circ}C$. In order to separate or concentrate GAP it was appropriate to precipitate the extract only once with 80% ethyl alcohol. GAP was very stable at $100{\circ}C$ for 4 hrs in aqueous solution and between pH values of 5.0~ 12.0.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.205-212
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• 2017

Rice endosperm, the portion that remains after milling, is the part of the rice seed that is primarily consumed as a source of nutrients. There have been many studies on polysaccharides, such as hemicellulose, cellulose, and pectins, derived from the cell walls of various plant groups. It has been reported that the acidic polysaccharide fractions, which contain water-soluble pectins that have been shown to have pharmacological effects in vivo and in vitro, have common chemical structures that include galacturonic acid polymers, rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose. However, few studies have been conducted on the acidic polysaccharides contained in the endosperm of rice. In this study, we quantitatively compared the differences in the acidic polysaccharide contents from samples from two of the main varieties of rice consumed as staple foods, japonica and indica, using a colorimetric method. Rice samples were collected from 39 different regions in Korea, China, Thailand and Vietnam. Acidic polysaccharide fractions were obtained by precipitation of the alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR) and enzyme treatment of each sample. The total amount of carbohydrates and uronic acid in each acidic polysaccharide fraction were measured using the phenol-sulfuric acid method and the carbazole-sulfuric acid method, respectively. The differences in the total polysaccharide contents in the acidic polysaccharide fractions were not statistically significant (p = 0.07), but the uronic acid contents were significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.04).

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.123-130
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• 2007

The effects of hydrogen peroxide treatment on the reduction of waterworks sludge were investigated in this study. Sludge treated by peroxidation $H_2O_2$ oxidation) was dewatered using a pressure filter at 3atm. It was observed that $H_2O_2$ treatment at the acidic condition significantly reduce both cake water content and specific resistance to filtration (SRF), indicating the enhancement of dewaterability and filterability. The filterability by hydrogen peroxide treatment at pH 3.5 was better than acidic treatment and became comparable with polymer conditioning. The sludge filterability evaluated by SRF was optimal at a dose 2ml $H_2O_2$/sludge($0.02g\;H_2O_2/gTS$) after adjusting of pH to 3.5. The $H_2O_2$ oxidation at pH 3.5 also produced even more dewatered cake when compared with polymer conditioning. The reduction rate of sludge mass at an optimal condition showed 34% compared with untreated sludge. The effects of peroxidation on sludge properties including zeta potential, bound water and particle size were also evaluated. Peroxidation at the acidic condition reduced both bound water and zeta potential. By $H_2O_2$ combined with sulfuric acid leached iron caused Fenton's reaction, which showed a potential to significantly reduce the amount of solids mass and to produce more compact cake with higher filterability.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.265-269
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• 2006

This study was to investigate the effect of acidic leachate on the landfill liner system and healing of cracks by using industrial by-products; BFS(Blast Furnace Slag) and FA(Fly Ash). From the results of pH measurement, for OPC(Ordinary Portland Cement) and DM(Dredged Mud) mixtures immersed acidic leachate, the initial pH($4.5{\sim}5.5$) was heavily increased to approximately 10 after 60 days experiment due to the production of 2 mole $OH^-$ which was occurred by hydrolysis of CaO and MgO etc.. Meanwhile, the initial pH of acidic leachate immersed DM mixtures with BFS and FA respectively was lasted for longer period as compared to the comparison. The reason was that production of low Ca C-S-H hydrates which stabilized in acidic liquid. The physical properties(compressive strength, hydraulic conductivity) of DM mixtures added BFS and FA was improved. It was concluded that the dissolution of hydrates was disturbed by high alkalinity of BFS and FA.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 2010

The electrolyzed sterilizing water is useful functional aqueous solution, which is produced by electrolyzing aqueous solution. Electrolytic supplement such as salt or hydrochloric acid is added into tap water. Electrolyzed sterilizing water is classified as three types; strongly acidic electrolyzed water, weakly acidic electrolyzed water, and sodium hypochlorite water. In this study, preparation principles, advantages, and disadvantages of electrolyzed sterilizing water were analyzed. The technology trend in electrolyzed sterilizing water was analyzed based on patent application year, countries, main applicants, and each technologies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.268-268
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• 2013

Water molecules on a Ru(0001) surface are anomalously acidic compared to bulk water. The observation was made by conducting reactive ion scattering, reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed desorption measurements for the adsorption of ammonia onto a water layer formed on Ru(0001). The study shows that the water molecules in the first intact $H_2O$ bilayer spontaneously release a proton to NH3 adsorbates to produce $NH_4{^+}$. However, such proton transfer does not occur for $H_2O$, OH, and H in a mixed adsorption layer or for $H_2O$ in a thick ice film surface.