• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 1984

Acute renal failure refers to a rapid reduction in renal function that usually occurs in an individual with no known previous renal disease. Development of a complication of acue renal failure in critically ill surgical patients is not unusual, and it causes high morbidity and mortality. Acute renal failure can be divided as Pre-renal (functional), Renal (organic), and Post-renal (obstructive) azotemia according to their etiologies. Early recognition and proper correction of pre-renal conditions are utter most important to prevent an organic damage of kidney. These measures include correction of dehydration, treatment of sepsis, and institution of shock therapy. Prolonged exposure to ischemia or nephrotoxin may lead a kidney to permanent parenchymal damage. A differential diagnosis between functional and organic acute renal failure may not be simple in many clinical settings. Renal functional parameters, such as $FENa^+$ or renal failure index, are may be of help in these situations for the differential diagnosis. Provocative test utilyzing mannitol, loop diuretics and renovascular dilators after restoration of renal circulation will give further benefits for diagnosis or for prevention of functional failure from leading to organic renal failure. Converting enzyme blocker, dopamine, calcium channel blocker, and propranolol are also reported to have some degree of renal protection from bioenergetic renal insults. Once diagnosis of acute tubular necrosis has been made, all measures should be utilized to maintain the patient until renal tubular regeneration occurs. Careful regulation of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance is primary goal. Hyperkalemia over 6.5 mEq/l is a medical emergency and it should be corrected immediately. Various dosing schedules for medicines excreting through kidney have been suggested but none was proved safe and accurate. Therefore blood level of specific medicines better be checked before each dose, especially digoxin and Aminoglycosides. Indication for application of ultrafiltration hemofilter or dialysis may be made by individual base.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 1985

Saccharomyces cerevisiae HIS 5 유전자는 histidinol phosphate aminotransferase (EC: 2, 6, 1,9)를 code하는 아미노산 합성유전자이다. 이 유전자는 plasmid pSH 530에 cloning되어 E. coli와 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 숙주에서 promoter로서 전사하였다. HIS 5 유전자의 총염기 수는 736개이였고 5' 상류영역에는 긴 reading frame, directed repeat, 전사개시점, 그리고 Pribnow box염기배열이 있었다. 특히 HIS 5 유전자의 ATG 주변 염기배열은 -A-A-A-T-T-A-C-A-C-T-A-T-G-G-T-T-T-T-T-G-A-T-였으며 C block은 없었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2018

Background: Furosine (${\varepsilon}$-N-2-furoylmethyl-L-lysine, FML) is an amino acid derivative, which is considered to be an important indicator of the extent of damage (deteriorating the quality of amino acid and proteins due to a blockage of lysine and a decrease in the digestibility of proteins) during the early stages of the Maillard reaction. In addition, FML has been proven to be harmful because it is closely related to a variety of diseases such as diabetes. The qualitative analysis of FML in fresh and processed ginsengs was confirmed using HPLC-MS. Methods: An ion-pair reversed-phase LC method was used for the quantitative analysis of FML in various ginseng samples. Results: The contents of FML in the ginseng samples were 3.35-42.28 g/kg protein. The lowest value was observed in the freshly collected ginseng samples, and the highest value was found in the black ginseng concentrate. Heat treatment and honey addition significantly increased the FML content from 3.35 g/kg protein to 42.28 g/kg protein. Conclusion: These results indicate that FML is a promising indicator to estimate the heat treatment degree and honey addition level during the manufacture of ginseng products. The FML content is also an important parameter to identity the quality of ginseng products. In addition, the generation and regulation of potentially harmful Maillard reaction products-FML in ginseng processing was also investigated, providing a solid theoretical foundation and valuable reference for safe ginseng processing.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2009

이산화탄소($CO_2$) 해양격리처리 방안의 실효성을 검토하기 위해서는 해양에 처리된 $CO_2$가 해양생태계 및 해양생물에 미칠 수 있는 영향에 대해서 광범위하게 정보를 축적할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 두족류인 참문어 Octopus vulgaris를 대상으로 고농도 $CO_2$ 환경(1, 2, 3%-$CO_2$)에서의 폐사율 및 1%-$CO_2$ 환경에서의 생리학적 반응에 대해서 조사하였다. 참문어는 혈액채취를 위하여 복부대동맥에 케뉴레이션을 행한 후 호흡실에서 회복시켰다. 회복된 개체에 대하여 헤모림프의 산염기 조절인자에 대한 측정을 행하였다. 참문어는 3%-$CO_2$ 환경에서 72시간 안에 100% 폐사하였다. 헤모림프의 pH는 1%-$CO_2$ 노출 30분 후 유의하게 감소하였으나 실험종료 때까지 회복되지 않았으며, $[HCO_3^-]$는 $CO_2$ 노출 후 유의하게 증가하여 8시간에 7.8 mM를 나타내었으나 그 후 점차 감소하는 경향이었다. 헤모림프 이온$([Cl^-],\;[Na^+],\;[K^+])$들은 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구 결과 참문어는 방어, 넙치와 같은 경골어류 및 별상어와 같은 판새류보다 $CO_2$에 민감한 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1557-1561
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• 2013

Carbonic anhydrase (CA)는 생물체 내에 널리 존재하는 아연(Zinc)을 함유한 금속성효소(metalloenzyme)이다. 이는 생리학적 조건에서 주로 $CO_2$의 hydration과 bicarbonate의 dehydration의 반응을 촉매하는 기능을 한다. 이러한 CA는 거의 모든 생물체 내에서 발견되고 16개 이상의 동질효소들이 포유류에서 분리되었다. 반면 포유류와 달리 포유류가 아닌 생물체, 특히 어류와 해양생물에 대한 CA와 그에 대한 동질효소에 관한 자료는 매우 제한적이다. 어류 내에서 CA는 삼투압과 산-염기 평형을 조절하는 매우 중요한 효소로 알려져 있으며, 또한 어류 내 조직 중의 하나인 아가미는 산-염기 조절, 이온 교환, 생체 내 pH 조절 등을 수행하는 부위로 알려져 있다. 실험생물인 무지개송어는 국내 해양 양식 산업 분야에 있어서 매년마다 그 생산량이 증가하는 매우 중요한 해양자원이다. 게다가 환경 독성 연구 분야에 있어서 그 실험적인 가치가 인정되어 국내 외에서 실험동물로 널리 이용되고 있는 어류이다. 아가미 조직에서 분리한 단백질에서 분자량 30 kDa, 등전점 7.0의 위치에 해당하는 특이적인 band 가 형성된 모습을 관찰할 수 있었고 이는 확인 결과 CA인 것으로 판명되었다. 또한 CA의 존재여부가 확인된 아가미 조직 내에서 세부적인 발현 위치를 파악하기 위해 진행한 면역조직화학 실험 결과 CA가 아가미의 상피세포내에 존재하는 것을 파악 할 수 있었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.929-943
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• 2024

Objective: The present study was executed to explore the molecular mechanism of fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) gene in bovine adipogenesis. Methods: The bovine FGF10 gene was overexpressed through Ad-FGF10 or inhibited through siFGF10 and their negative control (NC) in bovine adipocytes, and the multiplicity of infection, transfection efficiency, interference efficiency were evaluated through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and fluorescence microscopy. The lipid droplets, triglycerides (TG) content and the expression levels of adipogenic marker genes were measured during preadipocytes differentiation. The differentially expressed genes were explored through deep RNA sequencing. Results: The highest mRNA level was found in omasum, subcutaneous fat, and intramuscular fat. Moreover, the highest mRNA level was found in adipocytes at day 4 of differentiation. The results of red-oil o staining showed that overexpression (Ad-FGF10) of the FGF10 gene significantly (p<0.05) reduced the lipid droplets and TG content, and their down-regulation (siFGF10) increased the measurement of lipid droplets and TG in differentiated bovine adipocytes. Furthermore, the overexpression of the FGF10 gene down regulated the mRNA levels of adipogenic marker genes such as CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), fatty acid binding protein (FABP4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and Fas cell surface death receptor (FAS), similarly, down-regulation of the FGF10 gene enriched the mRNA levels of C/EBPα, PPARγ, FABP4, and LPL genes (p<0.01). Additionally, the protein levels of PPARγ and FABP4 were reduced (p<0.05) in adipocytes infected with Ad-FGF10 gene and enriched in adipocytes transfected with siFGF10. Moreover, a total of 1,774 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 157 up regulated and 1,617 down regulated genes were explored in adipocytes infected with Ad-FGF10 or Ad-NC through deep RNA-sequencing. The top Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways regulated through DEGs were the PPAR signaling pathway, cell cycle, base excision repair, DNA replication, apoptosis, and regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes. Conclusion: Therefore, we can conclude that the FGF10 gene is a negative regulator of bovine adipogenesis and could be used as a candidate gene in marker-assisted selection.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.356-362
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• 1999

Humans may lose considerable amounts of water and electrolytes from sweat during exercise in a hot climate. Optimal ingestion of fluid-replacement beverages may overcome an obstacle factor of exercise performance in the heat. This study was performed the comparison of heart rate and blood lactate between ingestion of Prunus mume solution and water solution during graded maximal exercise using bicycle ergometer in the heat(ambient temperature of 31-32$^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of 50-55%). Ten healthy no-heat-acclimatized males participated in the study. Exercise duration until all-out of graded testing in the condition of Prunus mume solution ingestion(786.15$\pm$47.66s) was significantly higher(P＜0.05) than the condition of water ingestion. Heart rate at 4 min during graded testing and recovery phase in the condition of Prunus mume solution ingestion was significantly lower(P＜0.05) than the condition of water ingestion. Blood lactate concentration at 30min of recovery phase after graded maximal exercise in the condition of Prunus mume solution ingestion was significantly lower(P＜0.05) than the condition of water ingestion. Recovery rate of blood lactate concentration at 15 min and 30 min of recovery phase after grated maximal exercise in the condition of Prunus mume solution ingestion was significantly lower(P＜0.05) than the condition of water ingestion. Present results suggested that ingestion of Prunus mume solution showed the positive effects on the cardiorespiratory function and acid-base regulation as compared with ingestion of water during graded maximal exercise and recovery phase in hot environment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1256-1264
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• 2016

Adrenergic, alpha-1B-, receptor (ADRA1B) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 beta (PPARGC1B) genes are involved in regulation of hen ovarian development. In this study, these two genes were investigated as possible molecular markers associated with hen-housed egg production, egg weight (EW) and body weight in Chinese Dagu hens. Samples were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) technique, followed by sequencing analysis. Two novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified within the candidate genes. Among them, an A/G transition at base position 1915 in exon 2 of ADRA1B gene and a T/C mutation at base position 6146 in the 3'- untranslated region (UTR) of PPARGC1B gene were found to be polymorphic and named SNP A1915G and T6146C, respectively. The SNP A1915G (ADRA1B) leads to a non-synonymous substitution (aspartic acid 489-to-glycine). The 360 birds from the Dagu population were divided into genotypes AA and AG, allele A was found to be present at a higher frequency. Furthermore, the AG genotype correlated with significantly higher hen-housed egg production (HHEP) at 30, 43, 57, and 66 wks of age and with a higher EW at 30 and 43 wks (p<0.05). For the SNP T6146C (PPARGC1B), the hens were typed into TT and TC genotypes, with the T allele shown to be dominant. The TC genotype was also markedly correlated with higher HHEP at 57 and 66 wks of age and EW at 30 and 43 wks (p<0.05). Moreover, four haplotypes were reconstructed based on these two SNPs, with the AGTC haplotype found to be associated with the highest HHEP at 30 to 66 wks of age and with higher EW at 30 and 43 wks (p<0.05). Collectively, the two SNPs identified in this study might be used as potential genetic molecular markers favorable in the improvement of egg productivity in chicken breeding.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.181-185
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 eNOS 유전자에 대한 한국인 특이적 SNP를 확인하고자 하였다. eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase)는 내피세포에서 발현되는 산화질소(nitric oxide, NO)를 합성하는 유전자로 관동맥 연축 및 혈압에 영향을 미친다. 이 유전자는 발현이 항상 일정한 constitutivegene으로 7번 염색체에 위치한다. 최근 연구 보고에 따르면 exon 7에 해당하는 894번째 염기 변이[G894T (Glu298Asp)]의 다형성이 심근경색 및 관상동맥 경련의 발병원에 기여하는 유전적 요소일 가능성으로 제시되었다. SNP가 모든 환자에게서 직접적으로 질환의 원인은 아닐지라도 일부 환자에게서는 상당한 연관성이 있다고 보여지고, 인종 간에도 차이가 있기 때문에 인종별로 이를 정확히 분석하는 것이 유전자 진단에 핵심이 될 것으로 생각된다. eNOS 유전자에서 다형성 부분에 해당하는 sense primer와 antisense primer를 고안, 제작하였으며, ARMS 기법에 기초한 방법으로 allele 특이적인 산물이 생성될 수 있게 하였다. eNOS의 G894T는 wild type (W/W)이 95명, heterozygote type (W/S)이 9명 확인되었다. SNP homozygote type (S/S)은 나타나지 않았다. 환자에서는 W/W 19명, W/S 1명으로 역시 S/S은 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구를 통해 eNOS에 대한 한국인 특이적 다형성의 확인과 진단이 보다 신속 정확하게 이루어질 수 있는 기반이 마련될 것으로 기대된다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2004년도 춘계 총회 및 학술대회
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• pp.17-28
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• 2004

현재 재배되고 있는 고려인삼은 혼계상태로서 개체간의 형질변이가 대단히 심하며, 종자채취를 4년 후에 하기 때문에 신품종육성을 위해서는 매우 오랜 기간이 필요하다. 그러나 식물형질전환기술의 발달로 목적하는 유전자를 식물체에 재도입하여 새로운 품종을 육성할 수 있는 기술이 보급되어 유용유전자만 있다면 단시간에 고기능성 신품종을 육성할 수 있을 것이다. 본 과제에서는 인삼의 유용유전자를 대량으로 발굴하기 위하여 인삼의 조직별, 종간 및 처리간에 의한 cDNA library 총 10종 이상을 제작하고 이들 cDNA library로부터 인삼의 유용유전자원을 확보하기 위하여 EST 20,000개를 5' 한쪽 방향에서 분석하고 이들 분석된 EST clone의 데이터는 data base화 하여 많은 연구자들이 연구정보를 공유한 수 있게 하였다. 그리고 EST clone 중에서 완전한 단백질의 유전정보를 포함하고 있는 clone을100개 선발하여 전장의 염기서열(full length sequence)을 분석하고 data base를 구축하고parental clone을 선발하여 cDNA chip을 제작하였다. 특히 257 clone 주에서 기능성 및 내재해성 유용유전자를 선발하여 전염기서열분석(full length sequencing)을 한 후 인상에 재도입하여 고기능성 및 내재해성 인삼의 분자육종을 비교적 단시간내에 할 수 있는 형질전환 및 재분화 시스템을 개발하고 토양순화 시스템을 확립하고자 하였다.