• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.269-274
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• 2013

We are used with the alkaline ion water which an application field does to object for drinking water compare with the alkaline ion water which asked ion acid electrolysis so as to be very different. This is used with sterilization disinfection use by residual chlorine in case of strong acidity according to ph intensity, and in case of middle acidity use by washing and face washing, and mix with meal materials in case of weak acidity widely usable in cooking. Acid ion water generates as we electrolyze water. Chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide etc. was generated at electrolysis process, and we have toward sterilizing power. Derelicts such as chlorine, phosphorus, sulfur etc. are gathered from a negative ion, and we make acid ion water to + electrode direction in electrolysis. We used a diaphragm in order to disconnect too acid water and alkaline water. We implemented so that the acid water which it came down to three kinds of PWM voltage to PWM (pulse width modulation) control, and implementation method of ph intensity change authorized ph intensity between weak acidity to electrode in strong acidity as we used Microprocessor, and intensity was adjusted successively by PWM control was generated.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 2015

This study examined the pretreatment effect, appropriate dyeing conditions, color fastness and functionality of cotton fabrics dyed with Zizania latifolia Turcz. Dye uptake was substantially increased by pretreatment and chitosan pretreatment was much more effective than tannic acid pretreatment. Optimal dyeing conditions were colorant concentration of 100%, dyeing temperature of $100^{\circ}C$, dyeing time of 80 minutes and dyebath pH of 5.5. Color fastness of chitosan pretreatment and dyed cotton to washing, rubbing, perspiration and light was 4, 5, 3-4(acidic), 3(alkaline) and 3 respectively. Color fastness of tannic acid pretreatment and dyed cotton to washing, rubbing, perspiration and light was 4, 5, 3-4(acidic), 4-5(alkaline) and 4 respectively. Deodorization rates of ammonia(NH3) were 99.9% in both cases. UV protection rate were 98.3% of UV-A and 98.5% of UV-B in case of chitosan pretreatment. UV protection rate were 98.2% of UV-A and 98.5% of UV-B in case of tannic acid pretreatment. UV protection factor(UPF) was 50+ in both cases. Reduction rate of Staphyloccus aureus were 99.9% in both cases. Therefore Zizania latifolia Turcz. could be used a new functional colorant.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.466-472
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• 1997

Peptides separated from fish paste washing liquid of an Alaska pollak (Theragria chalcogramma) were purified and characterized. The fish paste washing liquid (supernatant) was separated by centrifugation of fish paste homogenate. The fish paste washing liquid of $0.5\%$ concentration was hydrolyzed for 24 hour at $50^{\circ}C$ by immobilized protease in bioreactor and decomposing liquid of protein having $50\%$ decomposing rate (OPA method) was obtained. The crude peptide fractions were obtained from this liquid by Dowex 50w $(H^+)$ column chromatograpy. Purified peptides (SP-fraction peptides) were fractionated by using SP-Sepadex C-25 $(H^+)$ column chromatography. Molecular weights and amino acid compositions of these peptides were estimated by Sephadex G-50 column chromatography and HPLC, respectively. when the washed peptides was eluated with $0.6\~0.9\%\;and\;1.2\~2.0\%$ of NaCl, peptides composed of weakly basic amino acids and strongly basic amino acid were respectively eluted. Molecular weights of each peptide fractions showed the broad distribution from 1,000 Da to 3,000 Da in the order of SP-4>SP-3>SP-2>SP-1. Peptides contained a large quantity of glycine, arginine, glutamic acid, and alanine in the washed peptide and its SP-tractions, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.761-767
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• 1996

To lessen the initial level of microorganisms, electrolyzed acid-water was used as washing and brine water in the manufacturing process. On the washing and salting processes, application of electrolyzed acid-water showed a possibility to lessen the microorganism level of Chinese cabbage effectively. Microbial level of Chinese cabbage was reduced to about 1/4 level by salting and washing process with electrolyzed acid-water while Chinese cabbage salted with tap water increased to about 1.7 times. And no coliform and E. coli were detected. However significant differences between seasoning mixtures prepared with electrolyzed acid-water and with tap water were not observed in microbial levels. Relatively low level of total count in kimchi prepared with electroyzed acid-water was kept until 15 days of fermentation at $10^{\circ}C.$ Any significant difference between them was not observed after 20 days of fermentation. pH and acidity were showed the same tendencies as microbial count.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2003

The sorption experiment of cobalt was performed after the TRIGA soil was intentionally contaminated with cobalt was found that the sorption equilibrium coeficiency of soil decontamination was high when the ratio of soil mass to the volume of citric acid becomes 1:5 The TRIGA soil contaminated with 0.01 M, 0.001 M, and 0.0001 M of cobalt solution were decontaiminated with 0.01 M citric acid. The cobalt concentrtion in the wastewater were measured to be correspondingly 36.0, 14.0, 1.5 ppm. The results of wastewater recycling experiment by chemical precipitation method revealed that corresponding cobalt removal efficiency were 97% 88%. It was shown that the removal efficiency decreases as the cobalt concentration in the wastewater decreases. During the decontamination experiment, a lot of NaOH had to be added, and the volume of final solid waste reached almost 10% of that of the contaminated soil. The result of wastewater recyling experiment by ion exchange resin meted rethod revealed that to more the strong acid resins are used, the higher the cobalt removal efficiency becomes and the cobalt removal efficiency becomes and the lower the pH of recycling wastewater become. In order to obtain more than 95% removal efficiency, more than 0.625 g of strong acid resin was necessary in each of 3 experiments. There was an unexpected problem that a lot of strong acid resin waste was produced which amounts to 9.2% (volume) of the contaminated soil.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.612-617
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• 2009

Fresh vegetable juice is a non-heat treated product and the only step to reduce microbial growth is washing. Therefore, the materials for fresh vegetable juice including Angelica keiskei, Brassica loeracea var. acephala, and Daucus carota L. were treated by ozone after the first washing process and investigated for microbial and chemical changes. The number of the total aerobic bacteria in materials after selection step were $8.2{\times}10^5{\sim}5.0{\times}10^6\;CFU/g$, which was a higher contamination level than the limit of Korea food code ($10^5\;CFU/g$). However, after the 1st washing process and ozone treatment, the total aerobic bacterial number was reduced to $4.7{\times}10^4{\sim}6.7{\times}10^4\;CFU/g$, which showed 2 log microbial reduction. After the 2nd washing step followed by ozone treatment, there was no difference in microbial number. The number of colifroms in the materials of fresh vegetable juice were $8.0{\times}10^3{\sim}3.5{\times}10^3\;CFU/g$ initially but showed $1.5{\times}10^2{\sim}3.0{\times}10^2\;CFU/g$ after the ozone treatment (1 log reduction). On the other hand, there was no changes in the contents of ascorbic acid, flavonoids, polyphenols, minerals (cadmium and lead) during all processes. In addition, no color changes were observed during washing process. Therefore, ozone treatment in the materials of fresh vegetable juice decreased the microbial numbers. Also, chemical characteristics of ozone treated sample were not different when compared with control.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

The feasibility of acid-enhanced electrokinetic remediation on zinc and nickel-contaminated soil was investigated in the laboratory. Simple extraction efficiency using 1M HCl was 24% for Zn and 9% for Ni, as a result, the acid washing is not effective to remove Zn and Ni from the soil. The effiencey of normal electrokinetic treatment during 28 days was less than simple soil washing. Catholyte circulation with a strong acid enhanced dramatically the removal of Zn and Ni and pretreatment of soil with acid increased more the removal. Based on the result, acid-enhanced electrokinetic remediation is effective to remove Zn and Ni from the contaminated soil.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.253-262
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• 2012

With the aim of remediating soils contaminated by heavy metals and oil, experimental research was conducted to evaluate the optimal design factors for remediation in terms of efficient soil washing methods and processes. The experiments employed absorptiometric analysis and gas chromatography methods to reduce the concentration of heavy metals such as cooper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in contaminated soils. The experimental processes consisted of deciding on the washing solution, washing time, and dilution ratio for contaminated soils. A dissolution analysis of heavy metals was then performed by the addition of surfactant, based on the results of the decision experiments, and the injection processes of microbes and hydrogen peroxide were selected. The experimental results revealed that reduction effects in contaminated soils under the experimental conditions were most efficient with hydrochloric acid 0.1 mole, washing time 1 hour, and dilution ratio 1:3, individually. Additional reduction effects for heavy metals and TPH were found with the addition of a washing solution of 1% of surfactant. The addition of microbes and hydrogen peroxide caused a reduction in TPH concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.70-78
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• 1988

To separate and utilize the main components of hardwood (Quercus mongolica) by organosov pulping (ester pulping), chips were cooked at various conditions such as; the solvent ratio (acetic acid: ethylacetate: water, 50:25:25; 33:33:34; 25:50:25), maximum temperature (165, 170, $175^{\circ}C$), and cooking times (2, 2.5, 3 hr). The pulps were bleached by the sequences of CEDED, C/DEDED, PEDED. Lignin, sugars, and acetic acid were separated from black liquor and washing liquors. 1. The selective delignification at optimal pulp yield (43-45%) was obtained by cooking at acetic acid: ethylace tate: water ratio of 33:34:34 for 3 hr at $170^{\circ}C$. But in this case, kappa no. of the pulp was not reduced under 60 points. 2. Kappa no. of the pulp could be dropped by an acetone wash to remove reprecipitated lignin a t cooked pulp. 3. The unbleached pulps had a brightness of 45-50%, whereas the bleached pulps gave at 88-93% brightness. Tensile, burst, and tear strengths of the bleached pulps were lower than those of kraft pulp, especially in tear strength. The pulps which were bleached with CEDED sequence were higher in strengths than another bleaching sequences. 4. Lignin of 90-95%(lignin base on wood)was separated from black liquor and washing liquors, while the purified sugars and recovery of acetic acid were a low. An organic phase composed of acetic acid, ethylacetate, and water was separated to a two-phase system by proper adjustment of the solvent ratios.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.702-710
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• 1991

The effects of washing and desinewing on the composition, fuctional properties, storage stability and texture of spent layer meat were investigated. Spent layer meat subjected to treatments involving water washing, bicarbonate washing and desinewing showed increases in moisture content and decreases in protein content, hydroxyproline content and heme pigment content. Increases in salt extractable protein content and water holding capacity and decreases in buffering capacity and emulsifying capacity were also observed. The 2-thiobarbituric acid values of washed and desinewed samples increased slowly during storage indicated the increase in storage stability compared to the control. Sample rolls prepared from bicarbonate washed and desinewed thigh and drumstick meats were scored by trained sensory panelists as less tough than the products made of ground thigh and drumstick meats.