• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.517-520
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• 2003

Prevalence of microfilariae, Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens, Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides from 506 German Shepherd dogs reared in Korea was investigated by modified Knott's test to detect circulating microfilaria and by acid-phosphatase staining for differentiation of each microfilaria species. In the modified Knott's test, 74 of 506 dogs (14.6%) were microfilaria positive, and the prevelance of each species of microfilaria was 90.5% (67 of 74 samples) for D. immitis, 5.4% (4 of 74 samples) for duplicate infection with D. immitis and D. repens and 4.1% (3 of 74 samples) for mixed infection with D. immitis, D. repens and A. dracunculoides. It was considered that the paying attention to the existence not only D. immitis but also other microfilariae were needed in canine filariasis.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2012

Purpose: Among the facilitation of tooth movement in adult orthodontic treatment methods, surgical approaches are gaining popularity but complications following mechanical bone reduction are a problem. In this study, tooth movement was observed after alveolar bone was chemically demineralized to verify whether tooth movement had been facilitated. Materials and Methods: Twelve rabbits were used. In the experimental group, the alveolar bone of the left first molar area was exposed and demineralized. Thirty seven percents phosphoric acid was applied for 5 minutes for demineralization. The opposite first molar area was used as control. Two teeth were pulled with 200 g force and 4 rabbits each were sacrificed at 3, 7, and 14 days after the force was applied. Histologic examination was done with hematoxylin and eosin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Result: The histologic examination results revealed more bone resorption in the demineralized area. As time passed, the number of osteoclasts increased in the compressed area. The amount of tooth movement was larger in the experimental group compared to the control group but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The demineralization with etchant resulted in limited bone resorption, more tooth movement and less damage of the cementum after applied orthodontic force.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2010

In this study, monoclonal antibodies against lysosomal acid phosphatase (LAP) of a salamander, Hynobius leechii, were used to determine the spatial and temporal expression of the LAP in the regenerating limbs. The Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis in the limb regeneration revealed that LAP was highly expressed at the dedifferentiation stage, especially in the wound epidermis and dedifferentiating limb tissues such as muscle and cartilage. With RA treatment, the LAP expression became upregulated in terms of both level and duration in the wound epidermis, blastemal cell and dedifferentiating limb tissues. In addition, in situ activity staining of LAP showed a similar result to that of immunohistochemistry. Thus, the activity profile of LAP activity coincides well with the expression profile of LAP during the dedifferentiation period. Furthermore, to examine the effects of lysosomal enzymes including LAP on salamander limb regeneration, lysosome extract was microinjected into limb regenerates. Interestingly, when the lysosome extract was microinjected into limb regenerates with a low dose of RA($50\;{\mu}g/g$ body wt.), skeletal pattern duplication occurred frequently in the proximodistal and transverse axes. Therefore, lysosomal enzymes might cause the regenerative environment and RA plays dual roles in the modification of positional value as well as evocation of extensive dedifferentiation for pattern duplication. In conclusion, these results support the hypothesis that dedifferentiation is a crucial event in the process of limb regeneration and RA-evoked pattern duplication, and lysosomal enzymes may play important role(s) in this process.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.235-239
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• 1971

The effects of folic acid on the oral mucosa of albino rats were histochemically studied in the twenty four male rats, weighing abut 100gm. Seven groups of 3 each were injected with 0.2ml folic acid (folic acid 0.5mg. was dissolved in physiological saline 0.2ml) subcutaneously, during 1,2,3,5,7,10 and 14 days respectively. Oral mucosa of rats sere removed from upper molar region and fixed in 10% formalin, cold absolute alcohol, Carnoy's solution and acetone. The serial sections were histochemically stained by McManu's PAS reaction, Mowry's metachromasia, alloxan-Schiff reaction, and azo dye method for alkaline phosphatase. The comparative staining method was hematoxylin-eosin stain. The results were as follows: 1) Alkaline phosphatase reaction of stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum tended to increase after 7 and 10 days of folic acid administration. 2) PAS reactions of basement membrane and lamina propria increased after folic acid administration. 3) Metachromasia of stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum were slightly increased after 3,5 and 7days of folic acid administration and returned to the level of Control after 10 days. 4) In the oral mucosa, alloxan-Schiff reaction increased after 7 days of folic acid administration.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.305-316
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• 2009

Haemocyte characterization in the surf clam, Mectra veneriformis was carried out based on morphological, cytochemical, and phagocytic characteristics. The haemocytes were classified into two cell types, granulocytes and agranulocytes on the basis of presence of cytoplasmic granules. Granulocytes were then classified again into 2 types, large eosinophilic granulocytes and small eosinophilic granulocytes after staining with May-Grünwald Giemsa. In electron microscopy, both types of granulocytes contained electron-dense and electron-lucent cytoplasmic granules. Agranulocytes (hyalinocytes) were also divided into two cell types, large agranulocytes and small agranulocytes based on their sizes. Both cell types did not have granules in cytoplasm. Granulocyte and agranulocyte were negative for the enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, and $\beta$-glucuronidase but positive for phenoloxidase and acid phosphatase activities. Both types of haemocytes have phagocytic activity, with the exception of small agranulocyte, and granulocytes seemed more active in this respect than agranulocytes. This present study is the first study to characterize haemocytes of M. veneriformis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.84-92
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• 1983

In order to investigate the effect of autoxidized oil on the enzyme activity in the mouse liver, we administered the fixed dosage of autoxidized methyl linoleate (AOML) to mice once per day for 20 days by using stomach tube and investigated the enzyme activity with the histochemical staining method and biochemical analysis. The following results were obtained: The POV, COV and TBA value in the liver of AOML group were significantly increased than those of normal group. The phospholipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol in the liver of AOML group were slightly increased than those of normal group. The activities of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver of AOML group were increased than those of normal group but ATPase activity was decreased in the AOML group. The decrease of RNA, accumulation of fat and damage of liver cells were observed as the morphological changes in the liver of AOML group. From the results obtained we conclude that the autoxidized methyl linoleate influenced upon the various enzyme activity and the morphological changes in the mouse liver.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.443-448
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• 2003

To determine whether localization of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K was associated with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in dogs. Tissue specimens were obtained from 30 dogs with CCL rupture during surgical treatment, 8 aged normal dogs, and 9 young normal dogs that were necropsied for reasons unrelated to this study and unrelated to musculoskeletal disease. The cranial cruciate ligament was examined histologically. $TRAP^+$ cells and cathepsin $K^+$ cells were identified by histochemical staining and immunohistochemical staining respectively. TRAP and cathepsin $K^+$ were co-localized within the same cells principally located within the epiligamentous region and to a lesser extent in the core region of ruptured CCL. Localization of $TRAP^+$ cells (P < 0.05) and cathepsin $K^+$ cells (P =0.05) within CCL tissue was significantly increased in dogs with CCL rupture, compared with aged-normal dogs, and young normal dogs (P < 0.05 - TRAP, P < 0.001 - cathepsin K). Localization of $TRAP^+$ cells and cathepsin $K^+$ cells within the CCL tissue of aged-normal dogs was also increased compared with young normal dogs (P < 0.05). Small numbers of $TRAP^+$ cells and cathepsin $K^+$ cells were seen in the intact ligaments of aged-normal dogs, which were associated with ligament fasicles in which there was chondroid transformation of ligament fibroblasts and disruption of the organized hierarchical structure of the extracellular matrix. $TRAP^+$ cells and cathepsin $K^+$ cells were not seen in CCL tissue from young-normal dogs. Localization of the proteinases $TRAP^+$ and cathepsin $K^+$ in CCL tissue was significantly associated with CCL rupture. Small numbers of proteinase positive cells were also localized in the CCL of agednormal dogs without CCL rupture, but were not detected in CCL from young-normal dogs. Taken together, these findings suggest that the cell signaling pathways that regulate expression of these proteinases in CCL tissue may form part of the mechanism that leads to upregulation of collagenolytic ligament remodeling and progressive structural failure of the CCL over time.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.149-155
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• 2010

Objective : Ssangwha-tang is a traditional medicine formula widely prescribed for a decrease of fatigue after an illness in Korea. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Ssangwha-tang fermented by Lactobacillus fermentum (SF) on osteoclast differentiation in vitro and on bone metabolism of an ovariectomized rat in vivo. Methods : Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and staining were applied to evaluate the formation of osteoclasts. Ovariectomized rats were orally administrated with SF (30 ml/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, phosphate, calcium levels were determined. Effect of SF on bone loss were studied by histological analysis and the measurement of bone mineral density. Results : SF significantly inhibited tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and formation of osteoclasts in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by receptor activator for nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) ligand (RANKL). In addition, SF significantly decreased the level of triglyceride and increased the level of low-density lipoprotein. Moreover, the decrease of trabeculae of the femur was partially prevented in ovariectomized rats administrated with SF. Conclusions : SF treatment could prevent ovariectomy induced bone loss and its effects could be medicated by the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.68 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 1985

Megagametophyte tissues of Pinus densiflora were subjected to study the inheritance of acid phosphatase (ACP), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and catalase (CAT) isozymes by starch gel zone-electrophoresis. At least three or four zones were segregated for ACP isozyme. However, as one isozyme of ACP-A zone was separated clearly, only that isozyme was analysed. Five isozyme phenotypes (A1-A5), observed in ACP-A zone, were segregated to a simple Mendelian ratio, suggesting that these are controlled by five codominant alleles existed at ACP-A locus. Two zones of activity were segregated in the gels after staining for ADH, the more anodal zone (ADH-A) of the two was invariant in our materials. Three isozyme phenotypes (B1-B3) were observed in ADH-B zone and these variants showed a 1:1 segregation pattern, suggesting that each variant is controlled by three codominant alleles at ADH-B locus. A total of five isozyme phenotypes, composed of multiple bands, were observed in CAT isozyme. The segregation of these phenotypes in heterozygous trees did not show any significant deviation from a 1:1 segregation. Therefore, the genetic control of CAT isozyme in Pinus densiflora seeds seems to be based on a single locus (CAT-A) with Five codominant alleles ($A_1-A_5$).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.3358-3365
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Sorbus commixta (SC), Geranium thunbergii (GT) and their mixture (SC:GT=1:1, MIX) on inhibition of bone loss and chondral defect. To examine their activities, we measured the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells and performed tartrate-resistant acid phosphate (TRAP) staining in osteoclast differentiated from Raw264.7 cells. To investigate the influence on chondrocyte differentiation, we performed alcian-blue staining in chondrocyte differentiated from ATDC5 cells. All of SC, GT and MIX did not increase ALP activity in MG-63 cells. However, SC and mixture (SC:GT=1:1, MIX) significantly inhibited osteoclastic differentiation. And they also induced chondrocyte differentiation. These results suggest that SC and GT may have a potential for the treatment of bone loss and chondral defect by suppression of osteoclast differentiation and stimulation of chondrocyte differentiation. Therefore, clarification of their mechanisms and active components will be needed.