• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권11호
• /
• pp.1606-1610
• /
• 2002

The dynamics of fermentation were studied with Italian ryegrass ensiled in the laboratory silos. The silos were kept in the room set at 25$^{\circ}C$, and then were opened on 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after ensiling, respectively. The samples were taken from three silos at each sampling time for chemical analyses. Mono-and disaccharides composition was determined for glucose, fructose and sucrose by high performance liquid chromatography. The Italian ryegrass silage succeeded to achieve lactate type fermentation; high values of lactic acid (85.83 g/kg) and lactic acid/acetic acid at the end of ensiling (14 day), low values of pH (3.74), acetic acid (5.38 g/kg), ethanol (19.20 g/kg) and $NH_3-N/Total\;N$ (75.84 g/kg), no or only small amounts of butyric acid, valeric acid and propionic acid. The fermentation dynamics showed a fast and large pH decrease caused by a fast and large production of lactic acid during the first 5 days. Mono-and disaccharides composition largely decreased within initial 0.5 day (12 h) of ensiling. Sucrose disappeared rapidly within initial 0.5 day of ensiling, and fructose and glucose contents showed an initial rise during ensiling, and then decreased gradually. These indicated that the enzymes of plant tissue were active within 2 days of ensiling, which caused the initial rise in fructose and glucose from the hydrolysis of sucrose and fructans. After 5 days of ensilage, glucose was consumed completely, suggesting that glucose was the first fermentation substrate. After 2 days of ensiling, sum amounts of lactic acid and remaining mono-and disaccharides proved to be larger than the quantity of mono-and disaccharides in the initial grass. From the facts mentioned above, it was suggested that considerable amounts of lactic acid were produced from some other substrate such as fructans than initial mono-and disaccharides.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제43권8호
• /
• pp.1283-1288
• /
• 2014

파인애플 과육과 심지를 첨가하여 막걸리를 제조하고 품질특성을 분석하였다. 발효기간 동안 pH, $^{\circ}Bx$의 측정값과 발효 후 알코올의 함량은 샘플들 간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 파인애플을 첨가한 막걸리의 총산도 값은 대조구에 비해 높았으며 특히 citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, pyroglutamic acid, lactic acid, propionic acid의 함량이 높았다. 반면 총 유리아미노산의 함량은 대조구에서 더 높았으며, methionine을 제외한 aspartic acid, serine, threonine, alanine, tryptophan, lysine 등의 유리아미노산 함량은 파인애플을 첨가하지 않은 막걸리에서 더 높게 측정되었다. 관능평가에서는 파인애플 막걸리가 대조구보다 색도를 제외하고 향, 맛, 전체적인 기호도에서 높은 값을 보였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.36-45
• /
• 1985

The effects of glucose, lactose, sucrose, and potato starch on kimchi fermentation and on the stability of ascorbic acid were investigated at $7^{\circ}C$. Kimchi samples with the sugars showed the higher PH and lower total acidity until 9th day of fermentation than kimchi without sugar. Changes in the pH and total acidity were not significantly different among the samples after the 12th day. Addition of the sugars did not show any effects on the growth of lactobacilli through the fermentation period. The amounts and changes in ascorbic acid content during the fermentation did not differ significantly between the control and sugar - added samples. Ascorbic acid in most samples decreased continuously by the 9th day of fermentation. After then the vitamin increased in all the samples and then again decreased slowly after 18th day. From the multiple comparison tests the 10- panel members indicated the better flavor of sugar - added samples than control sample. However the differences in flavor were not significant.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2014

Benzoic acid is widely used in the food industry as a preservative in acidic foods, owing to its antimicrobial activity against various bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. Benzoic acid occurs naturally in different foods such as fruits, vegetables, spices, and nuts as well as in milk and dairy products. Lactic acid bacteria convert hippuric acid, which is naturally present in milk, to benzoic acid; therefore, the latter could also be considered as a natural component of milk and milk products. Benzoic acid is also produced during the ripening of cheese by the propionic acid fermentation process that follows lactic acid fermentation. This paper, we provide basic information regarding the systematic control of natural benzoic acid levels in raw materials, processing intermediates, and final products of animal origin.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.228-232
• /
• 1999

단감과 떫은감을 이용하여 알콜발효 및 초산발효의 2단계 발효에 의하여 감식초 제조과정 중 성분변화를 조사하였다. 발효됨에 따라 총산 함량은 점차 증가하여 초산 발효 8일째에 단감과 떫은감에서 각각 5.95, 5.81%이었다. 색상은 알콜발효 및 초산발효 중 L값과 b값은 떫은감에서, a값은 단감에서 각각 높게 나타났다. 갈색도는 알콜 발효기간이 지남에 따라 점차 증가하였으나 초산발효에서는 갈색도 및 탁도가 점차적으로 감소하여 갈색도는 단감에서, 탁도는 떫은감에서 각각 높게 나타났다. 총탄닌 함량은 초기에 단감 및 떫은감에서 각각 2.40과 6.44mg/ml이었으나 발효기간이 지남에 따라 점차 감소하여 초산발효 8일 후에는 각각 1.06 및 3.82mg/ml이었다. 환원당과 총당은 발효기간이 경과함에 따라 점차 감소하여 초산발효 5일째에 단감에서 각각 5.0 및 8.5mg/ml이었고, 떫은감에서 각각 2.8 및 2.9mg/ml이였으며 그 이후에는 큰 변화가 없었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.1065-1070
• /
• 1998

Lactic acid bacteria KL 1, KD 6, KL 4 strains isolated from kimchi, or obtained Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides with and without yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were inoculated in fruit vegetable juice for mixed culture fermentation 3 days at 3$0^{\circ}C$, and then their chemical changes were studied during fermentation. The amount of organic acid produced by the mixed culture fermentation of KL 1 and yeast was 0.82%(3 days) or 0.58%(1 day) and with the final pH of 3.3(3 days) or 4.2(1 day). These mixed culture systems of isolated strains or other bacterial strains had almost similar results of growth rate and acid production. The contents of vitamin C and carotene were retained and stabilized as 70~80% level of their initial values after 24 hrs fermentation. And also ethanol was produced as of the range in 9.6mg%(W/V) by the mixed culture fermentation of KL 1 and yeast, however, the content of ethanol in single culture fermentation by KL 1 strain was much lower than that of mixed culture. The major components of organic acids in fermented juice by mixed culture were considered as malic(26.0%), lactic(49.9%), succinic and citric acid, whereas these of unfermented juice were malic(53.2%), citric and other acids. On other hand, reducing sugar was decreased from 18.3mg/ml in fresh juice to about 12mg/ml in juice by mixed culture fermentation. Concentrations of fructose, glucose and sucrose were also greatly reduced in fermented juice.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.773-780
• /
• 2015

Lactic acid fermentation of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) juice was carried out by using the Lactobacillus plantarum GBL17 strain. The sterilized black raspberry juice was fermented using the L. plantarum GBL17 strain at $30^{\circ}C$ for 72 hours after which the total acidity increased and the pH value decreased. In addition, the highest total acidity content (2.38%) was reached, the lowest pH value (3.22) was observed, and the sugar content decreased by $9.8^{\circ}Brix$ after the 72 hour fermentation. The number of viable cells rapidly increased up until 24 hours, after which it gradually decreased. HPLC analysis of the organic acids showed 14.51 mg/g of lactic acid content in the fermented black raspberry juice, which was not detected in the non-fermented black raspberry juice (control). The content of fructose and glucose slightly decreased after fermentation. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the fermented black raspberry juice increased significantly after fermentation. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of fermented black raspberry juice (70.92%) was higher than that of the control (62.96%). After lactic acid fermentation, there was no significant increase in ABTS radical scavenging activity. These results confirm that lactic acid bacteria, such as L. plantarum GBL17, showed generally higher activities with a potential as a functional beverage.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 산머루를 이용한 과실주의 발효시 원료 등에서 기인한 강한 산미에 의한 과실주의 품질을 저하시키는 것을 개선시키기 위하여 혼합균주의 접종에 의한 알코올 발효 과정중 다양한 혼합배양 조건으로 감산발효를 시도하였다. 산머루 알코올 발효균주로 사용된 Saccharomyces sp. SMR-3 배양구에 Schizosaccharomyces pombe와 Schizosaccharomyces japonicus를 각각의 감산발효균주로 접종 후 혼합배양 한 결과, 산머루 알코올 발효균주 Saccharomyces sp. SMR-3에 Schizosaccharomyces pombe를 $22^{\circ}C$, 12일간 혼합 배양한 처리구가 알코올 함량 $15.8{\pm}0.2%$로 최대였고, 산도 $0.44{\pm}0.02%$, 총 유기산 함량 $648.96{\pm}7.14mg%$ , malic acid $99.30{\pm}1.24mg%$ 로 가장 낮게 나타나, 알코올 발효균주 단독으로 배양한 처리구 보다 알코올 함량은 2% 이상 높았고, 산도는 51.65%, 총 유기산은 48.02% 및 malic acid는 81.12%의 감소 효과를 나타내어 최적의 감산발효 조건으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.980-985
• /
• 1994

We investigated the quality of soybean paste(Doenjang) fermented by BAcillus brevis. The results obtained were as follows : soybean paste fermented by Bacillus brevis had alkaline pH and yellow ochre color. Dextrinizing activity was about 98 D.P. unit from 5th to 25th day of fermentation at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and after that day somewhat decreased . Saccharifying activity was respectively 6.1, 7.2, 6.8, 6.4 S.P. unit on 5, 15, 25 and 35th day of fermentation. Protease activity suddenly increased after 15th day of fermentation and was 250, 275, 299 unit on15, 25, 35 th day of fermentation , respectively. The most abundant free amino acid was found to be glutamic acid (561.8mg%) in soybean paste fermented by Bacillus brevis. In case of free sugar and non-volatile organic acid, fructose and oxalic acid showed highest content of 10.25mg% on 25th day and 12.20mg% on 15th day. The contents of free amino acids, free sugars, organic acids in soybean paste fermented by B.brevis were most abundant after 25 days of fermentation and this results were similar to that of traditional soybean paste. The odor of soybean paste fermented by Bacillus brevis was improved to be a nice soybean paste odor on 25th day of fermentation. However, sensory evaluation value of the taste of it decreased after 10 th day of fermentation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.104-108
• /
• 1980

폐기(廢棄) 사탕류를 이용(利用) 초산발효(醋酸醱酵)를 검토(檢討)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1) 사탕류의 효모이용당(酵母利用糖)은 85% 이상(以上)으로 이용(利用)의 가치(價値)가 있다. 2) 당농도(糖濃度)는 25% 용액(溶液)으로 하여 8.3%의 주정도(酒精度)를 얻어 희석하여 초산균(醋酸菌) 배지로 사용(使用)하는 것과 질소원으로서 yeast extract 0.5%를 첨가(添加)할 매 좋은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 3) 초산발효(醋酸醱酵)는 심부배양(深探部培養)으로서 발효률(醱酵率) 90%로서 시간당(時間當) 0.092% 산도(酸度) 증가률(增加率)을 얻었으며 사탕을 당질원료(糖質原料)로 한 초산발효(醋酸醱酵)는 실제의 경우 타당한 것으로 나타났다.