• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2015

An investigation was carried out to evaluate the potential role of Lactobacillus Plantarum KCC-10 and KCC-19 on the quality and fermentation characterization of Italian ryegrass (IRG) silages. The physiochemical properties of IRG silage such as crude protein content, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, total digestible nutrient and in vitro dry matter digestibility were not affected by KCC-10 and KCC-19. The pH of IRG silage in KCC-10 and KCC-19 treatments decreased compared to the control (p<0.05), while the lactic acid content in KCC-10 and KCC-19 treatments increased compared to the control (p<0.05). In addition, the number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the KCC-10 treatment increased compared to the control (p<0.05). The number of lactic acid bacteria in KCC-19 increased, but there was no significant difference in all treatments. Therefore, we recommend L. plantarum KCC-10 and KCC-19 as potential additive candidates in IRG silage with lots of advantages.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2014

This study investigated the chemical composition and ruminal degradability of corn stover in three maize-planting regions in Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang Province, China. The whole stover was separated into seven morphological fractions, i.e., leaf blade, leaf sheath, stem rind, stem pith, stem node, ear husk, and corn tassel. The assessment of nutritive value of corn stover and its fractions was performed based on laboratory assays of the morphological proportions, chemical composition, and in situ degradability of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). The chemical composition of corn stover was significantly different from plant top to bottom (p<0.05). Among the whole corn stover and seven morphological fractions, leaf blade had the highest crude protein (CP) content and the lowest NDF and ADF contents (p<0.05), whereas stem rind had the lowest CP content and the highest ADF and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents (p<0.05). Ear husk had significantly higher NDF content and relatively lower ADL content than other corn stover fractions. Overall, the effective degradability of DM, NDF, and ADF in rumen was the highest in leaf blade and stem pith, followed by ear husk. The results indicate that leaf blade, ear husk, and stem pith potentially have higher nutritive values than the other fractions of corn stover. This study provides reference data for high-efficiency use of corn stover in feeding ruminants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.1035-1039
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• 1999

Four ruminally cannulated buffalo bulls were fed mottgrass diets using a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Treatments were arranged factorially and consisted of mottgrass fertilized with 0 for Kg nitrogen (N) per acre and harvested at 40 and 60 days of age. Nitrogen fertilization improved the concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in early-cut mottgrass (ECM) but, the acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents were higher in the late-cut mottgrass (LCM). The crude protein (CP) contents of the mottgrass decreased with advancing maturity, but N fertilization increased CP at both maturities. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), CP, NDF and ADF were higher by buffalo bulls fed ECM than those fed LCM. The ruminal pH increased in first 6 hours post feeding in animals fed N fertilized mottgrass and may be due to higher concentration of ruminal ammonia. The digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF were higher by buffalo bulls fed ECM than those fed LCM. However, the application of N fertilizer did not affect the digestibilities of these nutrients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1990

The objective of this experiment was to compare the effect of pH-regulated alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) treatment of rice straw with those of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and anhydrous ammonia ($NH_3$) treatments on in sacco digestivility. Three non-lactating ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were fed a diet containing 90% forage and 10% concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis. The AHP treatment significantly (p<0.05) reduced acid detergent lignin content of the straw, resulting in significant (p<0.05) increase of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and cellulose concentrations. Disappearance rates of DM and NDF of the straw significantly (p<0.05) increased at the incubation time of 24 h. On the other hand, those of ADF and cellulose were significantly (p<0.05) higher at the incubation time of 12 h than those of the others. The effective degradability of DM(EDDM), NDF(EDNDF), ADF(EDADF) and cellulose (EDCE) were determined using in sacco nylon bag technique on the basis of 0.05/h solid outflow rate. The greater differences (p<0.05) of EDDM, EDNDF, EDADF and EDCE were found between AHP treated straw and the others. In general, AHP treatment of the straw recorded higher digestion coefficients than untreated straw as well as NaOH and $NH_3$ treated straws. The results of this study demonstrate that AHP treatment can be used as a effective method for improving the nutritive value of rice straw for ruminants.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.320-325
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• 1988

전남 서남해안에서 생산되는 수출용 해조가공품인 마른미역, 마른다시마, 찐톳, 마른김, 마른파래, 한천을 시료로 하여 Dietary Fiber의 함량, 보수성 및 밀도를 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Dietary Fiber 중 Neutral Detergent Fiber는 찐톳이 41.52%로 가장 많고, 한천이 0.05%로 가장 적었으며, Acid Detergent Fiber도 찐톳이 26.20%로 가장 많고, 한천이 0.01%로 가장 적게 나타났다. Lignin은 찐톳이 6.94%로 가장 많고, 마른김과 한천은 거의 존재하지 않았으며, Hemicellulose는 마른김이 25.79%로 가장 많고, 한천이 0.04%로 가장 적게 나타났다. 또한 Cellulose는 찐톳이 19.26%로 가장 많고 한천이 0.01%로 가장 적게 나타났다. 보수성은 마른미역이 $16.6g{\cdot}waer\;/\;g{\cdot}A.D.P$로 가장 큰 값을 보였고, 기타 시료는 $6.1{\sim}8.5g{\cdot}water\;/\;g{\cdot}A.D.P)$로 비슷하였으며, 침지시간 및 입자크기별 보수성의 변화는 크게 나타나지 않았다. 밀도는 Direct density가 $500{\sim}806mg/ml$Bulk density가 $0.562{\sim}0.833g\;/\;cc$Hydrated density가${1.4{\sim}2.01g\;/\;ml$Hydrated volume expansion이$102{\sim}160%$였으며, Direct density와 Bulk density의 값은 대체로 상응하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 1996

In this Experiment three wether male Matou goats (♂), all fitted with permanent rumen fistulae, were used to study the rumen degradabilities (incubation time 48h) of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent ligin (ADL), cellulose (CEL) and hemicellulose (HC) and their contents of wheat and rice straws were determined for the different morphological fractions and segments. The results showed that the variation of different fractions for wheat and rice straw is the true resources of their nutritive value variation and the cell wall contents of wheat and rice straw are also obviously different. The rumen degradabilities of different straw fibre are significantly different (p<0.01), mean while the effect of straw variety is also significant (p<0.05). The aim was to set up a foundation for studying the rumen degradation of the roughage resources.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.188-199
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• 2015

Nineteen tanniferous browse plants were collected from South Africa to investigate their digestibility, gas production (GP) characteristics and methane production. Fresh samples were collected, dried in forced oven, and ground and analyzed for nutrient composition. In vitro GP and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were determined using rumen fluid collected, strained and anaerobically prepared. A semi-automated system was used to measure GP by incubating the sample in a shaking incubator at $39^{\circ}C$. There was significant (p<0.05) variation in chemical composition of studied browses. Crude protein (CP) content of the species ranged from 86.9 to 305.0 g/kg dry matter (DM). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ranged from 292.8 to 517.5 g/kg DM while acid detergent fiber (ADF) ranged from 273.3 to 495.1 g/kg DM. The ash, ether extract, non-fibrous carbohydrate, neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen, and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen and CP were negatively correlated with methane production. Methane production was positively correlated with NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemi-cellulose. Tannin decreased GP, IVOMD, total volatile fatty acid and methane production. The observed low methanogenic potential and substantial ammonia generation of some of the browses might be potentially useful as rumen manipulating agents. However, a systematic evaluation is needed to determine optimum levels of supplementation in a mixed diet in order to attain a maximal depressing effect on enteric $CH_4$ production with a minimal detrimental effect on rumen fermentation of poor quality roughage based diet.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was, to estimate the detergency of commercial detergent and to examine the interrelationship between detergency and detergent characteristics, detergent concentration, fiber characteristics, and Rolling-up phenomenon which is the major removal mechanism of oily soil. A mixture of oleic acid-olive oil was used as oily soil. The detergency was estimated by analysis of oleic acid on cotton ana polyester fabrics before and after washing by means of liquid scintillation counting. The Rolling-up of oily soil from PET film was observed and change of contact angle and removal time were measured. The results were as follows ; 1. In the case of soaps and powder synthetic detergents, the optimum concentrations we-re about $0.2\~0.3\%$. And detergencies of liquid synthetic detergents were considerably low, and the detergency was continually increased up with increasing concentration to $0.5\%$, which seemed to be caused by the lower pH than that of soap and powder synthetic deter-gent solutions. 2. As the effect of external or internal fiber structure; the detergency of cotton was lower than that of polyester. 3. In the observation of Rolling-up, the contact angle increased and the Rolling-up time became shorter with increasing detergent concentrations ($0.05\~0.5\%$). And it was confirmed that detergency was increased with Rolling-up effect. In addition, the study on the actual laundry condition was studied using the questionaire. From the results, about $76\%$ of households used the concentration of detergent roughly or excessively and housewives were highly concerned on the recommended dose, but grade of practice were very low.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 1993

식물성 섬유질 함유 자원으로부터 식품의 가공적성을 떨어뜨리지 않으면서 우수한 기능특성을 보이는 식이섬유원을 제조할 목적으로 대량 수급이 용이한 사과쥬스박과 두유박에 식이섬유의 함량을 높이고 기능성을 향상시키기 위한 각종 처리를 행하여 식이섬유원을 제조하였다. 사과쥬스박은 마쇄, 수세 및 사별에 의하여 사과육과 사과피로 분리할 수 있었는데 사과육이 사과피보다 기능성이 우수하였고 사과육은 수세, n-hexane 처리 등에 의해 WHC 11.27 g/g, FHC 2.01 g/g, CEC 64.96 meq/100g의 기능성을 보이며 60.94%의 NDF를 함유한 제품을 제조할 수 있었다. 두유박을 이용한 식이섬유원 제조에서는 수세, n-hexane처리, 산처리, 알칼리처리 등의 처리로 WHC 10.15 g/g, FHC 1.52 g/g, CEC 63.72 meq/100g의 기능성을 보이며 52.66%의 NDF 함량을 갖는 식이섬유원이 제조되었다. 이때 원료로부터의 회수율은 사과육의 경우 약 30%, 처리두유박의 경우는 38.2%이었다. 식이섬유질원의 색도는 수세시 명도를 효과적으로 증가시킬 수 있었으나 유기용매, 산 및 알칼리 처리에 의해서는 명도가 감소하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 1993

국내 김치류 가운데 향토식품으로서 연구개발의 필요성이 있는 갓의 비휘발성 유기산, 무기질, 지방산조성 및 섬유소 등에 대한 성분분석 결과는 비휘발성 유기산은 잎줄기보다 잎에 많았으며, 특히 malic acid의 함량이 79.lmg%로서 가장 높았고, citric acid는 23.7mg%로서 잎의 함량이 잎줄기보다 4배 정도 더 많았다. 잎과 잎줄기의 무기질은 칼슘(143.7, 81.3mg%)과 마그네슘(22.7, 14.5 mg%)이 높게 나타났으며, 대체로 잎의 무기질함량은 잎줄기에 비하여 1~1.8배 정도 많았다. 특히 철 (6.9, 7.3mg%)은 다른 십자화과 채소에 비하여 상당히 많았다. 총지질을 구성하는 지방산 조성은 $\alpha$-linolenic acid, palmitic acid 그리고 linoleic acid가 대부분을 차지하며, 불포화지방산의 함량이 포화지방산에 비하여 3.7배 많으며, 잎과 잎줄기의 P/S비율이 각각 4.1과 2.9로서 잎이 1.4배 높았다. 식이성 섬유질 중 펙틴질에 있어서 잎과 잎줄기의 알코올불용성성분 (AIS)은 9.4및 6.7%로서 잎의 AIS함량이 1.4배 많았으며, 잎과 줄기에서 공통적으로 AIS는 열수수용성펙틴(HWSP), 인산염가용성펙틴(HXSP), 염산가용성펙틴(HSP)이 4.1 : 2.8 : 1의 비로 구성되며, HXSP와 HSP의 함량이 크게 차이를 보였다. 또한 총 식이성섬유질의 함량은 잎과 잎줄기에서 각각 1.2와 2.8%를 함유하며, ADF에 비하여 NDF함량이 많았으며, 리그닌이 가장 적었다. 셀루로스는 헤미셀루로스에 비하여 2.1배 많았으며, 대체로 잎줄기에는 잎에 비하여 각 식이성 섬유소의 함량이 약간씩 높았다.