• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.69-82
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• 2012

This thesis aimed to reduce the differences of hair color when hair coloring, so it researched the differences & changes in hair color before shampoo v.s. after shampoo and dry on different heat processes when acid hair color dyeing. Five hair color dyes (Y, R, B, G, Br) manufactured by two different corporations were used. The acid hair color dyes were tinted on black and bleached hair pieces subjected to 3 different heat process; 1. Normal Temperature($25^{\circ}C$, 30min.) / 2. Heating($40^{\circ}C$, 15min.)+Normal Temperature($25^{\circ}C$, 15min.) / 3. Heating($40^{\circ}C$, 30min.). Color numbers were divided by NCS value, chroma, and hue. Statistical averages were derived and t-test was conducted using SPSS V12. Hair color differences and changes were drawn on an NCS chart using Photo Shop PS. The conclu is; If acid hair colorings are separated by a heating process, hair value & chroma change before shampoo vs. after shampoo & dry regardless of the color of hair and the heat process. Hue is not changed or shifted counter clockwise NCS color circle, but some exceptions, and it's the same when the total heat process results are combined. Black hair's value shifted downward and chroma left, and hue stayed either neutral or one color or it shifted counter clockwise on NCS color circle. Bleached hair's value shifted upward and chroma right, and hue stayed one color or shifted counter clockwise, but some exceptions. And it can be shown on NCS chart.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.806-811
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• 2003

Effects of pH, temperature, light, sugars, organic acids, metal ions, ascorbic acid, thiamine nicotinic acid and pyridoxine on the stability of the color of the cranberry solution were investigated. The pH had marked influences on the color of the cranberry solution: i.e., the color of the cranberry solution was more intense at low pH. It showed characteristic bathochromic shift as the pH of the solution increased. The half-lives of olor value were 34 days at 37$^{\circ}C$, 91 mins at 9$0^{\circ}C$ and 29 mins at 12$0^{\circ}C$. Light gave an adverse effect to the stability of the color. The color degradation can be minimized by shielding the light from the cranberry solution. Among the sugars tested, fructose was the most deleterious followed by sucrose, galactose, maltose and glucose. Fumaric acid was found to be the most effective in stabilizing the color followed by citric acid, malic acid, acetic acid, while tartaric acid was found to be deleterious. Among the metal ions tested N $a^{+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ were found to be effective in stabilizing the color, while M $n^{2+}$ was found to be the most deleterious followed by F $e^{2+}$, $K^{+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$. Ascorbic acid was found to be deleterious considerably followed by thiamine, while nicotinic acid and pyridoxine were found to be effective in stabilizing the color feebly.or feebly.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 1995

The optical behavior of coloring matter extracted from onion's coats, the depression effects of destruction, yellowing and W transmittance of silk treated with color solution of onion's coats color difference of silk fabrics dyed with acid dyes and drycleaning fastness of silk treated with color solution has been investigated. The results are as follows : 1) The coloring matter extracted from onion's coats by alkali-acid method appeared properties of aglycon type. 2) &{\lambda}_{max}&of color solution extracted by distilled water was found at 280 and 327nm. 3) The decrease of tensile strength and the elongation of the silk treated with color solution were depressed but those of untreated silk were increased by irradiation of UV light. 4) The yellowness index of silk treated with color solution showed a little change by irradiation. 5) The UV transmittance of silk treated with color solution was decreased as increasing concentration of color solution. 6) The color difference after dyeing with several acid dyes on treated and untreated silk fabrics showed remarkable changes. 7) Drycleaning fastness of silk treated by color solution was excellent.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.221-228
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• 2021

In this work, the post-treatment using organic acids during hair dyeing process was used to maintain hair color and to decrease hair damage. The effect of post-treatment using succinic acid and tartaric acid during hair dyeing process with cherry red and blue silver color on the persistence of hair color, tensile strength of hair, hair porosity, and surface characteristics of hair was investigated. After the repeated shampooing process, the experimental group with succinic acid and tartaric acid could more efficiently maintain the hair color than control group. The experimental group with succinic acid and tartaric acid could also increase the tensile strength of hair, decrease the hair porosity, and smoothen the hair surface, compared with control group. Particularly, tartaric acid was able to maintain the color of the dyed hair and protect the hair with higher efficiency than succinic acid.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

Fresh ground beef was mixed with ascorbic acid, basil essential oil, majoram essential oil, or each essential oil combined with ascorbic acid and stored at 1 $\pm$ 1$^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Color, lipid oxidation (TBARS formation), aerobic bacterial counts and pH were determined. Basil and majoram essential oils were effective in inhibiting color deterioration, lipid oxidation and bacterial growth. The combined addition of basil and ascorbic acid showed the highest protection against color fading, followed by majoram + ascorbic acid, and ascorbic acid alone. Basil and majoram essential oils were most effective in delaying TBARS formation (p < ().01). Ascorbic acid did not exert an antioxidative effect and even exhibited a pro-oxidant effect. The pH values of all samples increased slightly, but no significant differences were observed, either among treatments or throughout the storage time (p > 0.05).

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2003

It is already known that the color of wool fabric dyed with disazo acid dyes could be changed in dyeing process and this is accelerated under alkaline condition. Focus was given to figuring out the mechanism of this color change, through the LC-MS analysis. In this study, no color change was seen in wool fabrics dyed with C. I. Acid Blue 113 under weak acidic, neutral and weak alkaline conditions for 1hour. However, the wool fabrics dyed under weak alkaline condition for a long time over 3 hours fumed reddish orange. When the wool fabrics dyed under weak acidic, neutral and weak alkaline conditions were treated with $0.5g/L\;Na_2C0_3$ solution, all of them turned reddish orange. On the other hand, the color of silk fabrics dyed with C. I. Acid Blue 113 were not changed after the same alkaline treatment. Wool contains cystine and cysteine, whereas silk does not. Due to the reversible reduction/oxidation process of cystine and cysteine in wool dyeing, the C. I. Acid Blue 113 of the dis-azo type is decomposed by reduction and consequently turned them into the reddish orange mono-azo types dye.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2001

Treating pork loins with lactic acid cultures (Lactococcus lactis subsp. ATCC 11454 grown in 10% milk solids) during storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ were studied. 2-Thiobarbituric acid (TBA), color. and drip loss evaluations of refrigerated pork loins were assessed. Pork loins were immersed in solutions containing 0∼10% individual lactic acid cultures for 0∼5 min. Pork loins treated with 3.96 log units of lactic acid cultures after storage of 1 days as 4$^{\circ}C$ had no significant difference (P > 0.05) TBA values compared to those of controls. Pork loins treated with 3.96 log unitss of lactic acid cultures during storage of 9 days at 4$^{\circ}C$ had no significant difference (P > 0.05). Hunter color L* and b* values compared to those of controls. However, pork loins treated with 4.10 and 4.23 log unitss of lactic acid cultures after storage of 1 and days at 4$^{\circ}C$ had a significant difference (P < 0.05) Hunter color a* values compared to those of controls. Pork loins treated with 4.10 and 4.23 log unitss of lactic acid cultures after storage of 4 days at 4$^{\circ}C$ had a significant difference (P < 0.05) drip loss values compared to those of controls.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2011

Loess, a natural clay, was evaluated as an adsorbent for the decolorization of Acid Orange II, an azo and reactive dye, from aqueous solution. Adsorption studies were performed at $30^{\circ}C$ and the effect of reaction time, loess dosage, initial concentration, loess particle size, pH, agitation rate were investigated to determine the optimum operation conditions. The removal efficiencies of color were measured to evaluate the effectiveness of loess. From this study, it was found that optimal reaction time was 10 min. Color removal efficiencies of Acid Orange II were increased as higher loess dosage, initial concentration and agitation rate. However, color removal efficiencies decreased when pH is high and loess particle becomes large. Adsorption of Acid Orange II fitted to the pseudo-second-order rate kinetics more than first-order rate kinetics. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm constants and correlation coefficients were calculated and compared. It was concluded that the adsorption data of Acid Orange II onto loess fitted to the Freundlich model more than Langmuir model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.77-80
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• 2009

Because buildings which apply color that is various to concrete recently are introduced, value as design element of building is rising gradually in townscape. Even if expense is increased according as importance of concrete that have variety of design because do such social background and connection is emphasized, development of color concrete is pressing. Therefore, in this research, examined concrete physical & chemical characteristics by use of acid agent as part of research to embody diverse surface color of cement material. Here, embodiment of various color by unique color that stained hydrate has as that Color Concrete forms stained oxide that react with hydrate within concrete spreading stained agent that contain acid and metallic-ion in matrix that have cement ingredient on the surface is available.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.171-174
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• 1992

Effects of ascorbic acid and citric acid on pungency and color stabilities in the Horseradish powder during 16 weeks storage were investigated. When the ascorbic arid added 0.1 wt.%, the effect of allyl isothiocynate stability was very significant after 16 weeks storage at 37$^{\circ}C$. However, the effect of citric acid on the allyl isothiocyanate stability was not observed. The results also showed that ascorbic acid and citric arid did not affect the color stability of the Horseradish powder significantly. When the Horseradish powder was tempered with water, the effect of ascorbic acid on stability of allyl isothiocynate and color value was shown.