• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.75-78
• /
• 1999

Acetylcarnitine, a metabilite of carnitine, has been porven to be a potent inhibitor of ethanol oxidation in hepatocytes. It inhibits the activity of alcohol dehydrognase (ADH), but not the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system. which was significatly inhibited by acetylcarnitine at NAD ; acetylcarnitine $\leq$1. the main objectives of his study were to ascertain the interaction between acetylcarnitine and NAD on ADH activity and to elucidate whether different species have different effects. Tehpost-mocrosomal supernatant (PMS) was prepared from normal rat, guinea pig, mouse and broilers by differential centrifugation . Horse and yeast ADH were purchased from the Sigma Chemical Co. Prepared and purchased ADH are used for determination of ADH activity in the presence or absence of carnitine and acetylcar- nitine. Binding studies showed that acetylcarnitine did bind to ADH in a dose realted manner when low NAD ; acetylcar- nitine ratio was provided. It was found that the inhibitionof ADH activity occurred only when NAD concentration was less than the inhibitor concentration . Crystalline and crude ADH preparation from different vertebrate species wer inhibited by acetylcarnitine, whereas the yeast ADH was not affected by acetylcarnitine.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 2002

Objectives: To assess the scavenging effect of carnitine derivatives on oxidative damage to sperm during sperm processing, cryopreservation and thawing. Materials and Methods: Fresh semen samples from 20 normal healthy volunteers were collected by masturbation after at least 48 hours abstinence. After liquefaction of semen samples at room temperature, the specimens were diluted with sperm wash media (Ham's F-10, Life technologics) to a uniform density of $20{\times}10^6/ml$. L-carnitine or acetylcarnitine were added with various concentration of $0{\mu}M$, $10{\mu}M$, $30{\mu}M$ in semen sample or cryoprotectant. All specimens were cryopreservated at $-196^{circ}C$ $LN_2$ for 3 days. Sperm motility, vitality, fertilizing capacity, reactive oxygen species formation and the level of lipid peroxidation were analyzed by computer assisted semen analyzer, eosin-nigrosin stain, hypoosmotic swelling test, chemiluminescence and thiobarbituric acid method, respectively, during sperm processing, cryopreservation and thawing. Results: The sperm motility was only increased in proportion to the concentration of acetylcarnitine with no statistical significance (p>0.05). The sperm vitality was also significantly improved in proportion to the concentration of acetylcarnitine with statistical significance (p<0.05). The sperm fertilizing capacity was significantly increased in proportion to the concentration of L-carnitine and acetylcarnitine and reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation were significantly decreased with same fashion (p<0.05). On comparison of effects between L-carnitine and acetylcarnitine, acetylcarnitine was superior to L-carnitine on the improvement of sperm motility and vitality as well as the suppression of reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation. Conclusions: These results suggest that carnitine derivatives have a scavenging effect against oxidative damages during sperm processing, cryopreservation and thawing. Therefore, carnitine derivatives may be useful as an oral antioxidant in patients with male infertility due to increased ROS generation.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.177-182
• /
• 2004

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of $Carnitil^{(R)}$ (acetylcarnitine, Hanmi, Korea) therapy in idiopathic oligoasthenospermic men. Materials and Methods: Forty-four subfertile men with abnormal semen parameters were treated between March, 2003 and March, 2004 with 3 g of $Carnitil^{(R)}$ daily for 3 months. Changes in semen parameters were evaluated 3 months after this therapy. Results: The mean age was 34.2 years and the mean follow-up duration was 3.7 months. In asthenospemic patients (n=28), semen analysis before and after $Carnitil^{(R)}$ treatment showed an increase in volume ($2.64{\pm}1.65\;ml$ vs. $3.10{\pm}1.60\;ml$), motility ($35.1{\pm}17.7%$ vs. $45.9{\pm}20.4%$) and viability ($51.4{\pm}20.3%$ vs. $59.3{\pm}13.6%$) respectively. In oligoasthenospermic patients (n=16), semen analysis before and after $Carnitil^{(R)}$ treatment showed an increase in sperm count ($10.7{\pm}54.4\;million/ml$ vs. $38.4{\pm}32.5\;million/ml$) respectively. Conclusions: These results suggested that in idiopathic oligoasthenospermic men the empirical medical therapy with acetylcarnitine may be considered as primary treatment.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
• /
• pp.217.3-217.3
• /
• 2003

Acetyl-L-carnitine, a physiological component of the L-carnitine family, has been proposed for treating Alzheimer's disease in pharmacological doses. Acetyl-L-carnitine and d3-acetylcarnitine (internal standard) were analyzed by electrospray ionization / tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/MS/MS) after derivatization to their butylesters through treatment with butanolic hydrogen chloride. Acetyl-L-carnitine produced a protonated precursor ion at m/z 260 and a corresponding product ion of m/z 85. Analytes were separated on a Capcell Pak C18 (2.0${\times}$150mm, 5 mm). (omitted)

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.80-85
• /
• 2017

Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by an abnormal accumulation of methylmalonyl-CoA and methylmalonate in body fluids without hyperhomocysteinemia. Cardiac disease is a rarely known lethal complication of MMA, herein, we report a Korean neonate diagnosed with MMA on the basis of biochemical and genetic findings, who developed cardiomyopathy, resulting in sudden death. The patient presented vomiting and lethargy at 3 days of age. Initially, the patient had an increased plasma propionylcarnitine/acetylcarnitine concentration ratio of 0.49 in a tandem mass spectrometry analysis and an elevated ammonia level of $537{\mu}mol/L$. Urine organic acid analysis showed increased excretion of methylmalonate. Subsequent sequence analysis of the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) gene revealed compound heterozygous mutations c.323G>A (p.Arg108His) in exon 1 and c.1033_1034del (p. Leu345Serfs*15) in exon 4, the latter being a novel mutation. In summary, this is the first case of MMA and cardiomyopathy in Korea that was confirmed by genetic analysis to involve a novel MUT mutation.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2023

Objective: In this study, metabolites that changed in the rumen fluid, urine and feces of dairy cows fed different feed ratios were investigated. Methods: Eight Holstein cows were used in this study. Rumen fluid, urine, and feces were collected from the normal concentrate diet (NCD) (Italian ryegrass 80%: concentrate 20% in the total feed) and high concentrate diet (HCD) groups (20%: 80%) of dairy cows. Metabolite analysis was performed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) identification, and statistical analysis was performed using Chenomx NMR software 8.4 and Metaboanalyst 4.0. Results: The two groups of rumen fluid and urine samples were separated, and samples from the same group were aggregated together. On the other hand, the feces samples were not separated and showed similar tendencies between the two groups. In total, 160, 177, and 188 metabolites were identified in the rumen fluid, urine, and feces, respectively. The differential metabolites with low and high concentrations were 15 and 49, 14 and 16, and 2 and 2 in the rumen fluid, urine, and feces samples, in the NCD group. Conclusion: As HCD is related to rumen microbial changes, research on different metabolites such as glucuronate, acetylsalicylate, histidine, and O-Acetylcarnitine, which are related to bacterial degradation and metabolism, will need to be carried out in future studies along with microbial analysis. In urine, the identified metabolites, such as gallate, syringate, and vanillate can provide insight into microbial, metabolic, and feed parameters that cause changes depending on the feed rate. Additionally, it is thought that they can be used as potential biomarkers for further research on subacute ruminal acidosis.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.147-160
• /
• 2019

조사료와 농후사료의 급여 비율이 우유생산성과 대사산물에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 공시축은 국립축산과학원 축산자원개발부 홀스타인 6두를 이용하여 3두는 이탈리안 라이그라스와 농후사료 급여비율을 8:2, 나머지 3두는 2:8로 하여 1일 2회 분할 급여하여 원유 생산량, 유성분 및 ¹H-NMR를 이용한 원유 내 대사산물 분석을 실시하였다. 원유 생산량, 성분 분석 및 체세포수는 두 급여 간 유의적(P>0.05)인 차이가 나타나지 않았지만, 급여 비율별 원유 생산량 및 유성분 변화는 선행연구 결과와 유사하였다. Carbohydrate 계열 대사산물 trehalose와 xylose는 T1 급여구에서 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높았으나, lactose 함량은 두 급여 간 유의적(P>0.05)인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. Amino acid 계열 대사산물 중 glycine 함량이 가장 높았지만, 두 급여 간 유의적(P>0.05)인 차이가 없었으며, Urea와 methionine는 T2 급여구에서 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높았다. Lipid acid 계열 대사산물 carnitine, choline 및 O-acetylcarnitine은 두 급여 간 유의적(P>0.05)인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. Benzoic acid 계열 대사산물 tartrate는 T2 급여구에서 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높았다. Organic acid 계열 대사산물 acetate는 T1 급여구에서 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높았으며, fumarate는 T2 급여구에서 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높았다. 기타대사산물로 분류되어 있는 3-methylxanthine은 T2 급여구에서 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높았으며, 비타민 B2로 불리는 riboflavin은 T1 급여구에서 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높았다. 이번 연구결과에서는 이탈리안 라이그라스와 농후사료 급여 비율을 달리하였을 때 유생산량, 유지방, 유단백질, 유당, 무지고형분 및 체세포 수 분석 결과 유의적(P>0.05)인 차이가 나타나지 않았지만, 원유 내 여러 대사산물은 유의적(P<0.05)인 차이가 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 국외의 ¹H-NMR을 이용한 원유 내 대사산물을 비교하였을 때 acetate, furmarate 및 lactose 등과 같은 주요 대사산물의 정량화를 확인하였다. 또한 국내의 원유 내 대사산물 연구에 기초적 자료로 쓰일 수 있을 것이며, 추후 질병과 직접적 상관관계에 있는 대사산물에 대한 연구가 이루어진다면 착유우의 질병 예방에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.