• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1050-1054
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• 1997

In order to study the effects of green juice of Angelica keiskei Koidz on the toxicity of several selected elements, experiments were conducted with mice for a period of six weeks. The results obtained from the experiment are summarized as follows ; 1) Mice fed with 50 ppm of cadmium showed no adverse effects on the growth rate and mortality , but cadmium accumulation into the internal organs. 2) mice fed with 500ppm of lead showed no reduced effect on the growth rate and mortality, but lead accumulation was increased in the internal organs. The administration of green juice slightly reduced lead accumulation in the internal organs. 3) Mice fed with 50 ppm of selenium also showed no serious adverse effect of the growth rate and mortality , but selenium accumulation occurred in the internal organs. The administration of green juice slightly reduced selenium accumulation in the internal organs, but the modes and degrees of reduction in selenium accumulation were not consistent with the internal organs, liver, kidney and pancreas. 4) Mice fed with 500 ppm of chromium showed, numerically , an adverse effect on the growth rate, but showed no statistically significant difference. The administration of green juice rather increased the accumulation of chromium instead of reduction of chromium accumulation in the internal organs.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 1990

The experiment was carried out to analysis the differences between classification by the estimate of survey character and thatch accumulation. The results obtained are summarized as follows:1.BentgrassPenncross: had the highest thatch accumulation. 2.Thatch accumulation of creeping season turf was higher than that of bunch type and thatch accumulation of cool season turf was higher than that of warm season turf. 3.The coverage rate was 43.3%, so turf quality was not good. 4.Bermudagrass(Guymon) had the highest content of lignin in thatch and coverage rate. 5.Species had significant negative correlation with the content of lignin.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.80-89
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• 1998

Three cores were taken from the northwest Pacific Ocean (Shikoku Basin) to determine the accumulation rates of both biogenic and terrigeneous fractions since the last penultimate interglacial period. The sediment is characterized by large amounts of terrigenous materials with low biogenic fractions and intermittent volcanic-ash layers, suggesting a hemipelagic origin. Composition of major elements shows no significant differences among sites. Relatively small variation of TiO$_2$/Al$_2$O$_3$ ratios with respect to SiO$_2$ content is the strong evidence for the common origin of terrigenous materials. The fraction of biogenic carbonates varies from near 0% in ash layers to about 35%, with a gradual increase toward the south (St. 4 through St. 6 to St. 20). However, carbonate contents show step-wise increasing tendency from St. 4 through St. 6 to St. 20, which suggests a southward increase of carbonate production. The color reflectance indicates that the sediment of the southern sites contains relatively higher amounts of biogenic carbonates. The mass accumulation rate of terrigenous fractions during the glacial period was 2-3 times higher than that of interglacial period. This enhanced mass accumulation rate of terrigenous materials was concomitant with the high accumulation rate of biogenic fractions. The total sediment accumulation rate is considered as the most important factor controlling mass accumulation rates of the biogenic and terrigenous materials. The enhanced sediment accumulation during the glacial periods is interpreted as a consequence of climate-induced change in the supply of eolian dust from the Asian continent. Enhanced wind strength during the glacial time may have increased transportation of terrigenous materials to the ocean. Thus, variation of sediment accumulation is highly linked with climatic variations.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.295-301
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• 2002

Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of metal interaction on the accumulation and elimination of Cd and Cu in the liver of flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, exposed to sub-chronic Cd (0, 5, 10, 50, 100 ${\mu}g/L$)/Cu $(10 {\mu}g/L)$ mixture. Cd exposure resulted in an increased Cd accumulation in the liver of flounder for exposure periods and concentration, and Cd accumulation increased linearly with exposure time. Cu accumulation profiles were similar to those of Cd. Cd concentration in the liver significantly decreased at the 10th depuration period and elimination rate was $66.20\%,\;86.22\%$ in 50 and $100 {\mu}g/L$at the end of depuration periods, respectively. Although, Cu elimination was similar to Cd elimination phase, Cd elimination rate was higher than that of Cu. Co-relationship of Cd and Cu have a positive correlation coefficient r=0.8620 (P<0.001) and support the strong relationship between Cd and Cu accumulation. As increase with the Cd exposure concentration, there were significant (P<0.001) differences between Cd and Cu accumulation.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.35-43
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• 2004

Reduction of fresh water consumption and effluent discharge provide diverse advantages in raw materials and energy savings. Papermaking system closure, however, reduces the efficiency of additives, decreases retention and dewatering, and causes many other Problems in papermaking. Accumulation of inorganic and organic substances in the process white water is the prime cause of these problems. Understanding of the accumulation phenomena of the detrimental substances in the papermaking process is of great importance for papermaking system closure. In this study a process simulation method was employed to analyze the accumulation phenomena of anionic starch in the process white water as the reuse rate of dry broke and pick up of surface sizing agent is increased. Steady state simulation studies were carried out based on the model developed in previous study. The variation of dissolved starch concentration in each process unit was monitored as a function of reuse rate of dry broke and surface sizing agent pick up rate. The result showed that dissolved starch concentration Increased as reuse rate of dry broke and surface sizing agent pick up rate was increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.58-64
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• 2010

Spontaneous ignition tests of five different coals with non-iso-thermal and iso-thermal test method based on the standard test procedure of NF T20-036 were carried. These five coals included the 2 low rank coals and 3 bituminous coals. Test results showed that the ignition temperatures of all coals at the iso-thermal conditions were higher than that of non-isothermal condition, and those of low rank SM and BR coal in both nonisothermal and isothermal conditions were lower than bituminous AN and CN coals. The chemical species of coals such as oxygen and hematite also plays an important role in enhancing the ignition rate that the ignition temperature of SM coal was lowered. The heat accumulation tendency of five coals inside outdoor stack pile was monitored with emphasis on the change in the temperature of the coal depth in stack pile. In case of low rank BR coal, its temperature inside coal stack pile due to the rate of high heat accumulation and oxidation was $59^{\circ}C$ compared to $51^{\circ}C$ for other SW bituminous coal. And the heat accumulation rate inside coal stack piles was increased with increased the Cp value which it was defined as the specific heat of coal at constant pressure, whereas other factors such as thermal diffusivity and conductivity of coal relatively had less effect on heat accumulation.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 2015

This research investigates the effect of natural dust accumulation on the glass cover of solar thermal energy conversion systems. Four similar, locally manufactured, flat plate solar collectors are used. All collectors are South oriented with tilt angle of $40^{\circ}$. The glass cover of one collector is kept clean of dust during the experimental period while the second collector is cleaned at the beginning of each month. The third collector is cleaned every two months while the fourth collector is kept un-cleaned throughout the experimental period of four months. The calculated parameters are the solar heat gain rates and the corresponding values of the thermal efficiency. The result of the present work indicates that the percentage of fractional reduction of the useful heat gain rate due to dust accumulation during a period of one and two months is 11.4% and 17.0%, respectively. The percentage decrease of thermal efficiency during the same duration periods is 4.0% and 6.1%, respectively. The percentage of fractional reduction of the useful heat gain rate due to dust accumulation during a period of three and four months is 27.8% and 31.9%, respectively. The percentage decrease of monthly thermal efficiency during the same duration period is 10.2% and 11.3%, respectively.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.33-42
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• 2005

Wetlands often function as a nutrient sink. It is well known that increased input of nutrient increases the primary productivity but it is not well understood what is the fate of produced biomass in wetland ecosystem. Water and sediment quality, decomposition rate of cellulose, and sediment accumulation rate in 11 montane marshes in northern Sierra Nevada, California were analyzed to trace the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus content in water on nutrient dynamics. Concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in water were in the range of 27 to 607, 8 to 73, and 6 to 109 ppb, respectively. Concentrations of ammonium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium in water were the highest in Markleeville, which has been impacted by animal farming. Nitrate and SRP concentrations in water were the highest in Snow Creek, which has been impacted by human residence and a golf course. Cellulose decomposition rates ranged from 4 to 75 % per 90 days and the highest values were measured in Snow Creek. Concentrations of total carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in sediment ranged from 8.0 to 42.8, 0.5 to 3.0, and 0.076 to 0.162 %, respectively. Accumulation rates of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus fluctuated between 32.7 to 97.1, 2.4 to 9.0, and 0.08 to $1.14gm^{-2}yr{-1}$, respectively. Accumulation rates of carbon and nitrogen were highest in Markleeville and that of phosphorus was highest in Lake Van Norden. Correlation analysis showed that decay rate is correlated with ammonium, nitrate, and SRP in water. There was no correlation between element content in sediment and water quality. Nitrogen accumulation rate was correlated with ammonium in water. These results showed that element accumulation rates in montane wetland ecosystems are determined by decomposition rate rather than nutrient input. This study stresses a need for eco-physiological researches on the response of microbial community to increased nutrient input and environmental change because the microbial community is responsible for the decomposition process.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.210-217
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• 2011

Olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus were exposed to waterborne Cu (control, 50, 80, 150, and 320 ${\mu}g$/L) for 30 days and then depurated for 20 days to investigate the effects of waterborne Cu exposure on growth, accumulation, and elimination. The weight-specific growth rate was significantly negatively related to waterborne Cu concentrations at 150 and 320 ${\mu}g$/L. The order of Cu accumulation in different tissues of exposed fish was liver>intestines>gills>kidneys>muscle, suggesting that the liver is more important than other tissues for the storage of Cu in olive flounder. The accumulation factor for the gills, intestines, liver, and muscle increased with increasing exposure time, and accumulation was negatively related to exposure concentration for the gills, kidneys, and muscle. Cu concentrations in the gills, intestines, and liver continuously decreased for 20 days of depuration. The fastest elimination rate occurred in the intestines at all exposure concentrations, and the order of Cu elimination in the different tissues was intestines>liver>gills.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.201-212
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• 1999

In use of pesticides in golf courses has been increased steadily. Environmental concern as well as decrease in efficiency led the turfgrass management into an alternate approach of using beneficial microorganism to deal with turfgrass pests. This study was focused on the use of such microorganisms for improving cultural environment and minimizing the use of pesticides. Microorganisms antagonistic to turfgrass diseases were applied to zoysiagrass fairways and creeping bentgrass greens in Yusung country club. Tharch accumulation, disease occurrence, and other cultural environments were compared among the combinations of microorganisms and suppliemental N applications. The application of microorganisms antagonistic to turfgrass diseases improved turf resiliency. Thatch thickness was 3.03cm in the control plot but it was 2.11cm in plots treated by microorganisms, indicating significant effects of microorganism application on reduction of thatch accumulation. Number of microorganism that can decompose of cellulose was higher at the plots treated with useful microbial products and it was considered that existence of higher population of microorganisms resulted in reduction of thatch accumulation. In the evaluation of relationship between thatch accumulation and disease occurrence, greater thatch accumulation was observed at the golf courses which have been frequently infested by large patch. However, the rate of thatch accumulation varied among surveyed golf courses regardless of the year of turf establishment. Therefore, management practice which can be effective for reduction of thatch could result in large patch suppression. The application of microorganisms on the established turfgrasses reduced the occurrence rate of pythium blight and yellow path diseases, whereas occurrence of brown patch and dollar spot increased.