• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.72.4-73
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• 2016

For the development of magneto rotational instability, which drives mass accretion in protoplanetary disks, sufficient ionization degree is needed. Cosmic rays are believed to be one of the dominant ionization sources for protoplanetary disk gas. In previous studies, ionization rates are computed by considering the effect of attenuation of the cosmic ray (CR) intensity as a function of column density in an unmagnetized cloud. However, in reality particles should sweep up larger column density to reach at the midplane of disk due to their gyromotion. In this study, we investigate the propagation of CR protons in a protoplanetary disk by solving transport and energy loss equations. We discuss the change in CR intensity due to magnetic field in a protoplanetary disk.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.66.3-66.3
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• 2019

We present near-infrared spectroscopic results for three nearby class I sources, IRAS 03445+3242, IRAS 04239+2436 and ESO $H{\alpha}$ 279a. We detected many molecular and atomic line emissions, e.g., $H_2$, [Fe II], Hydrogen Bracket series recombination, Ca I, Na I & CO overtone band, from these sources using the high-resolution Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrometer (IGRINS; R~45,000). Previous studies showed that all the three sources posses actively accreting Keplerian disks. We performed spectral analysis to understand the origin of Hydrogen Bracket series recombination lines. We also estimated the accretion properties and mass loss rates of circumstellar disks for all the three sources.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.67.3-67.3
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• 2019

Massive stars play an important role in terms of their feedback, but their formation process is poorly understood. Direct observational evidence for the formation of massive stars through accretion disks is rare. Hence the detection of disks in massive young stellar objects (MYSOs), if any, could be important to constrain the formation process of massive stars. The inner gaseous disk can be observed by the high-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy. We observed a MYSO, Min 2-62, using IGRINS and detected a double peak feature, which could be an evidence of a rotating disk, in the Bracket and Pfund series lines. We report the preliminary observational results of Min 2-62 with IGRINS.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.61.2-61.2
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• 2011

HI gas disks are known to be the largest ISM reservoir in most late type galaxies. When the HI properties of galaxies such as total mass, density, and distribution change, the galaxies may evolve quite differently. In this talk, I will present two groups of galaxies, one undergoing HI stripping and one accreting more gas. I will discuss causes of gas stripping and accretion, and possible consequences in galaxy evolution.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.565-568
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• 2015

In this work, we study the correlation between the photon index (${\Gamma}$) of the X-ray spectrum and the 2-10 keV X-ray luminosity ($L_X$) for black hole X-ray binaries (BHBs). The BHB sample is mainly from the quiescent, hard and intermediate states, with values of $L_X$ ranging from ${\sim}10^{30.5}$ to $10^{37.5}$ erg $s^{-1}$. We find that the photon index ${\Gamma}$ is positively or negatively correlated with the X-ray luminosity $L_X$, for $L_X$ above or below a critical value, ${\sim}10^{36.5}$ erg $s^{-1}$. This result is consistent with previous works. Moreover, when $L_X{\leq}{\sim}10^{33}$ erg $s^{-1}$, we found that the photon index is roughly independent of the X-ray luminosity. We interpret the above correlations in the framework of a coupled hot accretion flow - jet model. Besides, we also find that in the moderate-luminosity region, different sources may have different anti-correlation slopes, and we argue this diversity is caused by the different value of ${\delta}$, which describes the fraction of turbulent dissipation that directly heats electrons.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.57.2-57.2
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• 2021

Variability in Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) can be caused by time-dependent accretion rates, geometric changes in the circumstellar disks, the stochastic hydromagnetic interactions between stellar surfaces and inner disk edges, reconnections within the stellar magnetosphere, and hot/cold spots on stellar surfaces. We uncover ~1400 variables from a sample of ~5300 YSOs in nearby low-mass star-forming regions using mid-IR light curves obtained from the 5.5-years NEOWISE All Sky Survey. The mid-IR variability traces a wide range of dynamical, physical, and geometrical phenomenon. We classify six types of YSO variability based on their light curves: secular variability (Linear, Curved, Periodic) and stochastic variability (Burst, Drop, Irregular). YSOs in earlier evolutionary stages have higher fractions of variables at all types and higher amplitudes for the variability. Along with brightness variability, we also find a diverse range of secular color variations, which can be attributed to a competitive interplay between the variable accretion luminosity of the central source and the variable extinction by material associated with the accretion process. We compare the variability of known FUors/EXors and VeLLOs/LLSs, which represent two extreme ends (burst versus quiescent) of the episodic accretion process; FUors/EXors have a higher fraction of variables (65%) than VeLLOs/LLSs (41%). Short-term (few day) and long-term (decades) variability, as well as possible AGB contamination in the YSO catalogues, are also discussed.molecules become more complex by surface chemistry induced directly by high energy photons or by the thermal energy diffused over heated grain surface. Therefore, the ice composition is an

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.81-87
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• 2003

It is suggested that a flying-by star in a hot accretion disk may cool the hot accretion disk by the Comptonization of the stellar emission. Such a stellar cooling can be observed in the radio frequency regime since synchrotron luminosity depends strongly on the electron temperature of the accretion flow. If a bright star orbiting around the supermassive black hole cools the hot disk, one should expect a quasi-periodic modulation in radio, or even possible an anti-correlation of luminosities in radio and X-rays. Recently, the unprecedentedly accurate infrared imaging of the Sagittarius A$\ast$ for about ten years enables us to resolve stars around it and thus determine orbital parameters of the currently closest star S2. We explore the possibility of using such kind of observation to distinguish two quite different physical models for the central engine of the Sagittarius A$\ast$, that is, a hot accretion disk model and a jet model. We have attempted to estimate the observables using the observed parameters of the star S2. The relative difference in the electron temperature is a few parts of a thousand at the epoch when the star S2 is near at the pericenter. The relative radio luminosity difference with and without the stellar cooling is also small of order $10^{-4}$, particularly even when the star S2 is near at the pericenter. On the basis of our findings we tentatively conclude that even the currently closest pass of the star S2 is insufficiently close enough to meaningfully constrain the nature of the Sagittarius A$\ast$ and distinguish two competing models. This implies that even though Bower et al. (2002)have found no periodic radio flux variations in their data set from 1981 to 1998, which is naturally expected from the presence of a hot disk, a hot disk model cannot be conclusively ruled out. This is simply because the energy bands they have studied are too high to observe the effect of the star S2 even if it indeed interacts with the hot disk. In other words, even if there is a hot accretion disk the star like S2 has imprints in the frequency range at v $\le$ 100 MHz.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.579-585
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• 2008

The time-dependent evolution of disk mass for outburst limit cycle in a black hole microquasar is calculated based on the non-linear hydrodynamic model of thermally unstable accretion disk. The physical parameters such as black hole mass, disk size and mass transfer rate are adopted to reproduce the historical 1975 outburst observed in a prototype black hole X-ray nova A0620-00. The time-dependent effect of irradiation from the central hot region to the disk is considered in two ways: direct irradiation and indirect irradiation reflected from hot accretion flow above the disk. The accretion disk thermal instability model can account for the bolometric luminosity appropriate to typical characteristics of system luminosity observed in X-ray transients during the whole cycle of the outburst evolution. The maximum mass of the accretion disk, ${\sim}4.03{\times}10^{24}g$, is achieved at the ignition of an outburst, and the minimum value, ${\sim}8.54{\times}10^{23}g$, is reached during the cooling decay to quiescence. The disk mass varies ${\sim}5$ times during outburst limit cycle.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2001

We present the results of optical differential photometry of five blazars [PKS0219+428 (3C66A), PKS 0235+164 (AO 0235+16), H0414+019, PKS 0851+202 (OJ 287) and QSO 1807+698 (3C 371)] that were observed on 7 nights between November 05, 1997 and December 29, 1998, using the B and the V band filters. We have detected microvariations in four blazars (3C66A, AO 0235+16, H04l4+019, and OJ 287). In addition, the light curve of AO 0235+16 has displayed a mini-flare when the brightness of this source was decreasing. Night-to-night variations have also been detected in 3C66A, H04l4+019, and OJ 287. The results of our observations are discussed in the framework of accretion disk phenomena (magnetic flares or hot spots in accretion disks) and jet phenomena (plasma instabilities in jets).

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.71.2-71.2
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• 2011

To investigate the properties of the narrow-line regions and the accretion disks of YRGs, we study a sample of 28 young radio galaxies (YRGs) observed with the Kast Double Spectrograph at the Shane 3-m telescope and with the DBSP (Double Spectrograph for the Palomar 200-inch Telescope) at Palomar observatory. In addition we collect an addition sample of 15 YRGs with the optical spectra from the SDSS archive. We present the measured narrow-line region properties based on the various emission line ratios, i.e., [O III]/$H{\beta}$, [N II]/$H{\alpha}$, [S II] 6716/6731, [O I]/[O III], [O II]/[O III] and [Ar III]/[O III], which are useful to constrain the gas properties and the states of the accretion disk. We will discuss the characteristics of YRG.