• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2002.05c
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• pp.501-506
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• 2002

사람은 누구나 잭이나 문서를 읽을 때 중요한 부분에 강조, 해설, 설명을 하기 위해서 표시를 하거나 글을 입력한다. 이와 같이 원본문서에 추가되는 부가 정보를 Annotation이라고 한다[6][7]. Annotation을 이용하면 차후에 원본문서를 재창조하거나 다른 사람이 원본문서를 참조할 경우 과중한 정보의 양을 극복할 수 있으므로[4], 원본문서의 이해도를 향상시킬 수 있다. 따라서, Annotation은 한번 사용하고 그치는 정보가 아닌 재사용할 수 있는 점보임을 의미한다[1,2,3]. 이러한 Annotation 기능을 웹 문서에 적용하게 되면 종이문서에서 얻을 수 있는 장점뿐만 아니라 웹 환경의 특징인 공유[5], 검색[4], 재편집 등의 기능이 가능하다. 이와 관련한 많은 연구가 진행중에 있다. 그러나, 기존의 Annotation 연구는 Anchor 입력된 다수의 Annotation이 무의미한 출력 순서로 제공되고 있으며, 또한 Anchor에 입력된 Annotation의 출력으로 인해 문서 구조가 변경되거나, 가려지는 등의 문제점으로 사용자들이 쉽게 사용 및 이해할 수 있는 Annotation 출력 인터페이스에 대한 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 Anchor에 입력된 다수의 Annotation들 간의 의미적 순서를 부여하여 보다 적절한 Annotation에 대한 우선 접근이 가능하도록 계층적인 Annotation 우선처리 기법을 제안하고, Annotation 출력으로 인한 문서 변경 문제를 해결하기 위한 유동적인 Annotation 표현 기법을 제안한다. 또한 Annotation이 문서에 부가된 부가정보의 역할을 뿐만 아니라, 다양한 활용이 가능하도록 XML 표준에 기반한 저장 구조를 지원하며, 원본문서와 분리하여 저장한다.속도를 개선시켰고, 국소적인 변형이 있는 패턴과 특징의 수가 다른 패턴의 경우에도 좋은 인식률을 얻었다.r interferon alfa concentrated solution can be established according to the monograph of EP suggesting the revision of Minimum requirements for biological productss of e-procurement, e-placement, e-payment are also investigated.. monocytogenes, E. coli 및 S. enteritidis에 대한 키토산의 최소저해농도는 각각 0.1461 mg/mL, 0.2419 mg/mL, 0.0980 mg/mL 및 0.0490 mg/mL로 측정되었다. 또한 2%(v/v) 초산 자체의 최소저해농도를 측정한 결과, B. cereus, L. mosocytogenes, E. eoli에 대해서는 control과 비교시 유의적인 항균효과는 나타나지 않았다. 반면에 S. enteritidis의 경우는 배양시간 4시간까지는 항균활성을 나타내었지만, 8시간 이후부터는 S. enteritidis의 성장이 control 보다 높아져 배양시간 20시간에서는 control 보다 약 2배 이상 균주의 성장을 촉진시켰다.차에 따른 개별화 학습을 가능하게 할 뿐만 아니라 능동적인 참여를 유도하여 학습효율을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.향은 패션마케팅의 정의와 적용범위를 축소시킬 수 있는 위험을 내재한 것으로 보여진다. 그런가 하면, 많이 다루어진 주제라 할지라도 개념이나 용어가 통일되지 않고 사용되며 검증되어 통용되는 측정도구의 부재로 인하여 연구결과의 축적이 미비한 상태이다. 따라서, 이에 대한 재고와 새로운 방향

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 1998

ursing as a profession is characterized by its holistic, mind-body-spirit approach to the patient. Also, nurses have historically been the leaders in health education and promotion. Parish nursing has a great potential for providing primary preventive health care. services as well as assisting people to access the health care system. While working in the community, parish nurses see the church as the new arena for delivering health care services. The parish nurse program was introduced by Granger Westberg in 1984. The concept of parish nursing is based on several beliefs; health is multidimensional and affects all aspects of an individual-physical, psychological, social, and spiritaul being. Parish nursing is one model in which churches can cooperatively work with health care institutions to address the needs of their parishioners. The role of the parish nurse is emphasized in four basic area: a) health education, b) health counseling, c) referal services, and d) facilitation and organization of support groups within the congregation. The parish nurse programs work chiefly in congregation or commuity where a certain language of faith is ready at hand. This means that the parish nurse works in an ecology of meanings and care which encourages the drawing on the message of God's grace, the practices and habits it encourages. The parish nurse may be involved in the church's health ministries and may work on either paid or volunteer basis; however, one of the most important qualification of the parish nurse is to have the nursing knowledge and skills to practice within the standards of Nursing Practice Act. The completion of standards of practice for professional nurses practicing as parish nurses had been identified as a priority by the HMA Executive Board (1996, HMA). In conclusion, parish nursing promotes health and healing by empowering the faith community, family, or individual to incorporate health and healing practices. There are several preconditions that should proceed to establish the foundation for successful development of the parish nursing program in Korea. First, reciprocal relationship with home health nursing should be considered. Second, correct terms and concepts of parish nursing should be studied and understood. Third, systematic study and investigation should be followed for further development of parish nursing. Fourth, strengths and weaknesses of different models should be studied to develop proper model of parish nursing for Korean situation. Finally, consensus of standardized education program and corporation with various religious communities as well as health institutions should be established. When these preconditions are met, the role of parish nursing as a new program for the promotion of holistic health will be established.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.448-455
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• 2019

Ecotourism, which is attracting attention as a method of sustainable tourism, is a tourism that aims to preserve the environment of the tourist area, to improve the participation and welfare of residents in the tourist area, and to improve the tourism experience and education. Ecotourism is a field that is developing at a faster rate than other areas of tourism. With the pace of growth, ecotourism faces new challenges for sustainability. This study focused on institutional sustainability in addition to economic, socio - cultural and environmental sustainability to assess the sustainability of ecotourism destinations. The results of this study confirm that institutional sustainability should be given priority for sustainability of ecotourism. Examples include the designation of protected areas, the establishment of ecotourism management entities, the regular investigation and research of academic purposes, the management of tourist visits and tourist information, the cooperation and participation of local residents, and the activities of commentators and managers. The attractiveness of ecological resources was also influenced by the access of tourists and the influence of local residents. Therefore, careful attention should be paid to the approach of tourists and the use of land by local residents in ecotourism. In the future, the operation of the visitor center, the professional education and mission of the interpreters' ecological resources, and the training and guidance of tourists by interpreters will be very helpful for the sustainability of the ecotourism destination.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.15-21
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• 2020

Although IoT systems are used in a variety of heterogeneous environments as cloud environments develop, all IoT devices are not provided with reliable protocols and services. This paper proposes an IoT data management technique that can extend the IoT cloud environment to an n-layer multi-level structure so that information collected from different heterogeneous IoT devices can be efficiently sorted and processed. The proposed technique aims to classify and process IoT information by transmitting routing information and weight information through wireless data link data collected from heterogeneous IoT devices. The proposed technique not only delivers information classified from IoT devices to the corresponding routing path but also improves the efficiency of IoT data processing by assigning priority according to weight information. The IoT devices used in the proposed technique use each other's reliable protocols, and queries for other IoT devices locally through a local cloud composed of hierarchical structures have features that ensure scalability because they maintain a certain cost.y channels of IoT information in order to make the most of the multiple antenna technology.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.140-146
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• 2021

As the environment using intelligent IoT devices increases, various studies are underway to ensure the integrity of information sent and received from intelligent IoT devices. However, all IoT information generated in heterogeneous environments is not fully provided with reliable protocols and services. In this paper, we propose an intelligent-based multi-blockchain model that can extract only critical information among various information processed by intelligent IoT devices. In the proposed model, blockchain is used to ensure the integrity of IoT information sent and received from IoT devices. The proposed model uses the correlation index of the collected information to trust a large number of IoT information to extract only the information with a high correlation index and bind it with blockchain. This is because the collected information can be extended to the n-tier structure as well as guaranteed reliability. Furthermore, since the proposed model can give weight information to the collection information based on blockchain, similar information can be selected (or bound) according to priority. The proposed model is able to extend the collection information to the n-layer structure while maintaining the data processing cost processed in real time regardless of the number of IoT devices.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.703-719
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• 2021

Purpose: We aimed to identify collaborative disaster governance through the demand and supply analysis of resources recognized by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used a descriptive study design with an online survey technique for data collection. The survey questions were developed based on focus group interviews with nurses responding to COVID-19 and expert validity testing. A 42-question online survey focusing on disaster governance was sent to nurses working in COVID-19 designated hospitals, public health offices, and schools. A total of 630 nurses participated in the survey. Demand and supply analysis was used to identify the specific components of disaster governance during a pandemic situation and analyze priority areas in disaster governance, as reported by nurses. Results: Demand and supply analysis showed that supplies procurement, cooperation, education, and environment factors clustered in the high demand and supply quadrant while labor condition, advocacy, emotional support, and workload adjustment factors clustered in the high demand but low supply quadrant, indicating a strong need in those areas of disaster governance among nurses. The nurses practicing at the public health offices and schools showed major components of disaster governance plotted in the second quadrant, indicating weak collaborative disaster governance. Conclusion: These findings show that there is an unbalanced distribution among nurses, resulting in major challenges in collaborative disaster governance during COVID-19. In the future and current pandemic, collaborative disaster governance, through improved distribution, will be useful for helping nurses to access more required resources and achieve effective pandemic response.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.427-438
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• 2022

With the recent growing importance over safety management the need for advanced and technical approaches for on-site safety inspection methods has increased. Railway construction is subject to its own particular set of temporal and spatial challenges due to its unique facilities and equipment. This study aimed to investigate the field characteristics of railway infrastructure and improve the conventional field safety management methods by identifying the most appropriate features of AR technology. Group interviews and surveys were conducted with field safety experts to derive the major problems and inspection needs. Subsequently, various features of AR, such as BIM model projection, and remote conferencing, were investigated to determine their applicability to address safety issues. As a result, four problems in the current safety management process, such as 'lack of time due to the conventional inspection method and inspection of areas that are difficult to access', and three major inspection types, such as 'observance of work procedures, status of installation, adequate dimensional spacing', were identified to be improved when adopting AR based techniques. Furthermore, AR technology utilizing plans to solve safety inspection problems and effectively manage major inspection types were proposed, and a follow up survey was conducted with the same field safety experts to derive the priority of technology development.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.123-130
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• 2022

Modernization of the educational sector requires globalization, democratization, and the transition to an information technology society. The main goal of education at the present stage is to solve the problem of ensuring the priority of the development of education and science. In modern conditions, the quality of training of qualified specialists is becoming particularly relevant. The great role of teacher education is emphasized by its main goal, which is to train specialists who can ensure the versatile and innovative development of a person as a person and the highest value of society, its mental, physical and aesthetic abilities, high moral qualities, and, consequently, the enrichment on this basis of the intellectual, creative and cultural potential of the people. Among the strategic tasks of modernizing higher education is to ensure informatization of the educational process and access to International Information Systems. The essence of the concept of multimedia is clarified. In the context of media education, multimedia lists a number of functions: informational, interpretive, cultural, entertainment, and educational. The need to meet the needs outlined in the article in the conditions of informatization of the educational process requires the teacher to have knowledge and skills in the field of multimedia pedagogical technologies, knowledge of advanced methods and means of modern science. It is considered what relevant concepts of media education have been developed and are being developed in Ukraine and form an important basis for the modernization of education, which will contribute to the construction of an information society in the country and the formation of civil society. Distance learning is considered - the most democratic form of education that allows broad segments of society to get an education. Distance learning methods are used in higher education institutions, in school education, in the system of advanced training of teachers, in the system of training managerial personnel.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-19
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• 2023

Bikes have recently emerged as an alternative to carbon neutrality. To understand the demand for public bikes, we endeavored to estimate travel frequency of public bike by considering the intermediate stops. Using the GPS trajectory data of 'Ttareungyi', a public bike service in Seoul, we identified a stay point and estimated travel frequency reflecting population, land use, and physical characteristics. Application of map matching and a stay point detection algorithm revealed that stay point appeared in about 12.1% of the total trips. Compared to a trip without stay point, the trip with stay point has a longer average travel distance and travel time and a higher occurrence rate during off-peak hours. According to visualization analysis, the stay points are mainly found in parks, leisure facilities, and business facilities. To consider the stay point, the unit of analysis was set as a hexagonal grid rather than the existing rental station base. Travel frequency considering the stay point were analyzed using the Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) model. Results of our analysis revealed that the travel frequency were higher in bike infrastructure where the safety of bike users was secured, such as 'Bikepath' and 'Bike and pedestrian path'. Also, public bikes play a role as first & last mile means of access to public transportation. The measure of travel frequency was also observed to increase in life and employment centers. Considering the results of this analysis, securing safety facilities and space for users should be given priority when planning any additional expansion of bike infrastructure. Moreover, there is a necessity to establish a plan to supply bike infrastructure facilities linked to public transportation, especially the subway.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2023

In recent years, ransomware attacks have become more organized and specialized, with the sophistication of attacks targeting specific individuals or organizations using tactics such as social engineering, spear phishing, and even machine learning, some operating as business models. In order to effectively respond to this, various researches and solutions are being developed and operated to detect and prevent attacks before they cause serious damage. In particular, honeypots can be used to minimize the risk of attack on IT systems and networks, as well as act as an early warning and advanced security monitoring tool, but in cases where ransomware does not have priority access to the decoy file, or bypasses it completely. has a disadvantage that effective ransomware response is limited. In this paper, this honeypot is optimized for the user environment to create a reliable real-time dynamic honeypot file, minimizing the possibility of an attacker bypassing the honeypot, and increasing the detection rate by preventing the attacker from recognizing that it is a honeypot file. To this end, four models, including a basic data collection model for dynamic honeypot generation, were designed (basic data collection model / user-defined model / sample statistical model / experience accumulation model), and their validity was verified.