• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.1098-1107
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the types of life adjustment of widowed elderly women in Korea. Methods: The research design was a Q-Methodological Approach. Thirty selected Q-statements from 32 subjects were classified into a shape of normal distribution using a 7 point scale. The collected data was analyzed using a QUANL PC program. Results: Three types of life adjustment were identified. Type I is the independent type: overcome the reality. Type II is the abandonment type: deny the reality. Type III is the accommodation type: accept the reality. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that different approaches to the quality of life for widowed elderly women in Korea are recommended based on the three types of life adjustment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.159-163
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• 2003

The term "VPN", or Virtual Private Network, generally means the public network of vendors which is providing a communication net and other network using WWW as a backbone of Its WAN. the existing VPN is expected to reduce expenses and will improve the productivity, however, the network provider should accept the management complexity and the overhead after tunneling and encryption. But MPLS VPN can provide efficient VPN which would not need the address transformation and the additional overhead made by tunneling after giving separately ID. This paper describes the protocol for MPLS VPN which is about a node that moves based on Customer Edge (CE) router and supports a scheme for QoS.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 1989

The computer can be used to display a continuously updated list or plot of vessel position. The computer that accept input data from a number of different navigation systems, e.g., Loran , Satnav, Radar, Decca, Compass, Sextant with electrical output etc., can compute the position of a vessel relative to prerecorded objects. The celestial navigation system requires the computer to do not much calculation. Calculation are for trigonometeric, linear systems, finding roots of nonlinear equation and least square estimation etc, . In order to computerize the celestrial navigation system, these calculations must be programmed. The purpose of this thesis is to study the formulation, the design and the test of calculations of the coordinates of celestial bodies, the altitude correction and the solution of the navigational triangle processes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.44-46
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• 2012

Leading companies has led to the victimization being leaked to accept personal information by the cyber attack. Also planned hacking cases on purpose such as acquiring monetary gain or social distracting is constantly increasing. In this paper, we identify examples of the project step-by-step leading IT services companies to perform security activities. Real-world projects step-by-step through security measures that can be applied are presented.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2013

Regarding urban design in this 21st century, cities pursue human-oriented urban design through which nature, cities, and human beings are unified and interact with one another. For such urban design maintenance, it is needed to conduct systematic analysis and synthesis on various and complex factors of cities expressing urban images. Also, it is necessary to secure methods to evaluate those cities based on urban users' visual information. Thereupon, this study aims to suggest urban design evaluation methods which accept human behavior or needs and also allow us to figure out desirable images. For this, the study established the construction system of the most basic urban design components that form cities through literature review and expert evaluation. And it examines correlation among those factors with statistic means. Through this, the study suggests a new urban design evaluation system and evaluation process divided into experts and users so as to reflect user behavior or needs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 1999

The Landscape drawing is used as main media in landscape design process like the language in daily life for human. Designers input many intentions and meaningful words in design process through landscape drawing. The common purpose of landscape drawing is to represent reality effectively, even though it has variable visual forms and materiality. The representation in landscape drawing in metaphorical as well as visual and functional. But current tendency is inclined to use landscape drawing in a functional aspect for visual representation and the landscape drawing is utilized straight-forwardly rather than metaphorically for clear communication. Such recognition on landscape drawing results from the difficulty to accept the symbolic aspect of the drawing. The difficulty makes the utilization and the interpretation of landscape drawing stay at conventional level in following visible factors. For the sake of solving the difficulty this study considers landscape drawing as the text that contains readable objects and symbolic words. This study presents layer-methods for reading a landscape drawing as a text; situational and contextural reading, iconological reading and reading the subject of drawing.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2010

This study details the neuroscientific concept of somatosensation, general sensory stimulation therapy and virtual reality therapy. Somatosensation is a method that the human body uses to accept information from the inner and outer parts of the body. A traditional sensory stimulation therapy was designed to maximize neural recovery, but the neural recovery is most effective when the therapeutic environment is similar to real life. The virtual reality provides natural environment that users may perceive as meaningful and even participants with significant impairment can perform some of the activities of their daily lives within the virtual environment. The virtual reality will become a complementary part of somatosensory rehabilitation.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2003

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand and describe the essence and the structure of lived experience of liver transplant recipient. Five individual interviews were conducted to gather data regarding their subjective experiences. About 130 significant statements were extracted and these were clusterd into 9 themes. End stage liver disease patients chose their last treatment - liver transplantation. After liver transplantation, recipients experience vague anxiety and uneaseness related to much information and life style change that they had to accept. And they feared to lose their health again. But they felt free from medication and restriction of food. And they satisfied with regaining their physical status. Most of the recipients also had financial difficulties and social restrictions. And they experience uncertainty about their future. But they restored their previous social life. And they experience psychological wellbeing and hope. The results of this study might help nurses who work with liver transplant recipient in establishing and implementing an effective nursing intervention by understanding their lived experience.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.85-98
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• 1994

The distribution of random sum of i. i. d. exponential random variables is called GHP (Generalized Phase-Type) distribution. The class of GPH distributions is large enough to include PH (Phase-Type) distributions and has several properties which can be applied conveniently for computational purposes. In this paper, we show that any distribution difined on R$^{+}$ can be app-roximated by the GPH distribution and demonstrate the accuracy of the approximation through various numerical examples. Also, we introduce an efficient way to compute the delay and waiting various numerical examples. Also, we introduce an efficient way to compute the delay and waiting time distributions of the GPH/GPH/1 queueing system which can be used as an approximation model for the GI/G/1 system, and validate its accuracy through numerical examples. The theoretical and experimental results of this paper help us accept the usefulness of the approximations based on GPH distribution.n.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.21-45
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• 2003

Various organizational factors effect successful implementation of IT enabled business transformation. Among them, the most critical success factor is deemed to overcoming change management problem. Lots of studies have been made on implementation methodologies and business process formalizations to encourage organizational members to accept new business process changes. However, the logic of process redesign still depends on qualitative problem solving techniques mostly depending on basically human intuition such as brainstorming, cause-and-effect analysis, and so on. In this paper, we develop algorithmic procedure applicable to designing various business process changes such as process automation, business process resequencing, and more radical process integration. The framework is employed from dynamic programming approach in the literature, which is based on the decision making paradigm of organizations to abstract business processes as quantitative decision models. As such, our research can fill the gap of limited development of theory based analytic methodologies for business process design, by providing objective rationale to reach the consensus among the organizational members including senior management.