• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2013

This paper investigated Korean prosody as it relates to graded internal structure in an identification function. Within Korean prosody, variants regarded as dialectal variations can appear as different prosodic scales, which contain the range of within-category variations. The current experiment was intended to show how the prosodic scale corresponding to the range of within-category differences relates to f0 contours for speakers of two Korean dialects, North Kyungsang and South Cholla. In an identification task, participants responded by selecting an item from two answer choices. The probability of choosing the correct response from the two choices was computed by a logistic regression analysis using intercepts and slopes. That is, the correct response between two choices was used to show a linear line with an s-shape presentation. In this paper, to investigate the graded internal structure of labeling, 25%, 50%, and 75% of predicted probability were assessed. Listeners from North Kyungsang showed progressive variations, whereas listeners from South Cholla revealed random patterns in the internal structure of the identification function. In this paper, the results were plotted using scatterplot graphs, applying the range of within-category variation and predicted probability obtained from the logistic regression analyses. The scatterplot graphs showed the different degree of the responses for f0 scales (i.e., variations within categories). The results demonstrate that the gradient structures of native pitch accent users become more progressive in response to f0 scales.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 2015

The present experiment investigated the effect of word length on the length of f0 intervals for North Kyungsang children. In order to find out the lengths of the f0 intervals, the f0 values at the midpoints of vowels in words were measured. F0 estimates were computed as intervals consistent with the logarithmic scale corresponding to the number of syllables in the words. The results indicated that the mean f0 intervals in words of different lengths showed a significant difference for the HH in HH vs. HHL and the LH in LH vs. LLH for North Kyungsang children. Adult speakers from the North Kyungsang region significantly differed only within the HH in HH vs. HHL. Adult speakers made a noticeable contribution in this characteristic from the children. The result of the adult study was presented to confirm whether the children used a North Kyungsang dialect. With respect to individual speaker differences, the North Kyungsang children showed more or less consistent patterns in quantile-quantile plots for the HH vs. HHL, but for the HL vs. LHL and LH vs. LLH, there were more variations than for the HH vs. HHL. The individual speakers' variation was the largest for the HL vs. LHL and the smallest for HH vs. HHL. Considering these results, the effect of word length on f0 intervals tended to show pitch accent-type-specific characteristics in the process of prosodic acquisition.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.343-351
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• 2009

As more and more consumers shop online, websites of fashion brands have become effective means for business activities. The Colors of web sites are the most effective visual elements for e-tailers to communicate with consumers. The purpose of this study is to compare websites created for local and global markets by men's apparel brands. The empirical study focused on differences of color application between the local and global websites. Fourteen brands were chosen for the study. The main color, sub color, and accent color were extracted according to the screen component ratios for each website. The colors were analyzed by Munsell's 10 Hues and 12 tone classifications of Practical Color Coordinate System. The Results indicated that all websites were using White as the main color. The local website used pale tones while global websites used dark tones. There was also differences in the use of sub colors and tones. Red was most used as the accent color in both local and global websites.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.89-108
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• 2002

Deaccentuation' means the phenomenon that the accent on the particular element which deserves to be accented, disappears and loses the property of intonational prominence. Based on some theoretical background, we divided the cases where deaccentuation can be placed into six categories : the first, the case that the words already mentioned are repeated in the context; the second, the case that the element can be recovered anaphorically or situationally; the third, the case that the elements are semantically weightless; the fourth, the case that the meaning of the word is empty; the fifth, the case that the elements are less informative, so that they are easy to predict; the sixth, the case that the elements are located after the focused words. Then we organized the context and the experimental sentences corresponding to each category. The utterances of Korean and English native speakers were recorded and analysed based on the ToBI system and compared to each other, in order to find out that Korean speakers can distinguish the difference within each sentence pair, and produce them with appropriate intonation similar to that of native speakers.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.235-252
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to characterize the intonational realizations of vocatives in comparison with those of appositives in English statements and questions, and to compare the realizations produced by English native speakers with those of Korean students. Unlike Pierrehumbert(1980), in which the tag expressions do not have pitch accents, Beckman & Pierrehumbert(1986) proposed that the vocatives have a special status in tonal alignment and duration and that they form an independent phrase with pitch accent. Our results reinforce Beckman & Pierrehumbert(1986): both English native speakers and Korean students realize the vocatives in terms of rising tone, and the appositives in terms of both falling tone in statements and rising tone in questions. Moreover, they pronounced the nouns before vocatives longer than those before appositives. However, native speakers impose the low phrase tone before vocatives in statements and the high tone in questions; whereas, Korean students either put the low phrase tone on pitch contours of both statements and questions, or tend to pause before vocatives, thereby constituting an intonational phrase.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.127-142
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• 2020

This study compared the domestic and international commercial design patterns and domestic consumer preferences for wetsuit designs to develop a user-centered wetsuit design. An analysis of the domestic and international design elements for 1,802 wetsuits sold online over the past three years showed that the most frequent shapes, dominant colors, and patterns were the same, as consumers tended to buy full suits that were black or had geometric patterns. Dominant colors and assort/accent colors were different from the survey results. Men's wetsuits used fewer colors and patterns than women's suits. Domestic wetsuits used fewer patterns than those sold abroad; in addition, colors were applied differently. A consumer preference survey conducted on 213 male and female consumers in their 20s and their 50s in Korea indicated that 53.5% of respondents were the most affected by the shape when choosing a wetsuit design. The preferred color scheme was two colors, with a vivid tone used as an accent color. The factor analysis results on wetsuit design preference uncovered the six factors: individuality, display, function, acceptance, imitation, and comparison. An independent sample t-test also showed that men perceive individuality, imitations, and comparison factors higher than women.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.158-170
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• 1986

This is the article on the uses, methods of elaboration, qualitative, and quantitative evaluations, of organic and inorganic bismuth trivalent compounds. The obvious accent appears to be on the therapeutic uses. However, their interest will relate to all, for the reader looking beyond that first impression will be treated to an amazingly rich compendium of historical applications that can only prompt new questions and open up unsuspected horizons in seemingly unrelated area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.68-75
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• 2000

상대방에게 의사를 전달할 때 보다 정확하게 자신의 의도를 표현하려면 대화의 흐름에 맞는 적절한 억양을 주어 발화해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 결함범주문법을 이용하여 문장을 분석하고 문장 내 정보와 문장 간 정보 즉, 문맥에 따라 강세(pitch accent), 휴지(pause), 강조 등의 억양정보를 어떻게 나타내야 하는지를 분석하여 문장의 정보구조에 추가하는 방법을 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.211-219
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• 2000

In this paper, we examine fO peak lagging phenomenon in English. FO peak lagging refers to the fact that fO peak corresponding to an accent is realized beyond the domain of the host syllable. We present experimental data of fO peak lagging, which shows that fO peak is heavily delayed when the duration of the accented syllable is relatively short. In addition, we show that fO peak is also heavily delayed and realized in the following syllable in a focused word, even where the target vowel is not intrinsically short.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.88-95
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• 2000

This paper attempts to investigate characteristic features of Japanese EFL learners' English intonation and how their Japanese accents are affecting their English intonation, focusing on a comparison between the accent patterns of Japanese compounds and the stress patterns of English compounds. It is based on research dedicated to helping to improve the teaching and learning of English intonation (prosody) for Japanese EFL learners. It examines the Fundamental Frequency (henceforth Fx) contours of two EFL college students, one specializing in English and the other in Japanese. Both of them may be considered upper intermediate EFL students with their TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) scores ranging between 500 and 550.