• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.500-508
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of multimodal representation-based lesson on embeddedness of multimodal representation in high school students' writing. The participants in this study were two groups of second-year science-track students (74 students) at an academic high school in a metropolitan city. One group (41 students) was assigned to the experimental group, the other group (33 students) was assigned to the comparative group. Data analysis showed that the students of the experimental group were better at utilizing and embedding multimodal representations. Thus, the conclusion was drawn that multimodal representation-based lesson had an effect on high school students' embeddedness of multimodal representation.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.74-93
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• 2019

The Bird Track Site in the Haman Formation in Yongsanri (Natural Monument No. 222) was reported on the named Koreanaornis hamanensis and Jindongornipes kimi sauropod footprint Brontopodus and ichnospecies Ochlichnus formed by Nematoda. This site has outstanding academic value because it is where the second-highest number of bird tracks have been reported in the world. However, only 25% of the site remains after being designated a natural monument in 1969. This is due to artificial damage caused by worldwide fame and quarrying for flat stone used in Korean floor heating systems. The Haman Formation, including this fossil site, has lithofacies showing reddish-grey siltstone and black shale, alternately. The boundary of the two rocks is progressive, and sedimentary structures like ripple marks and sun cracks can clearly be found. This site was divided into seven formations according to sedimentary sequences and structures. The results of a nondestructive deterioration evaluation showed that chemical and biological damage rates were very low for all formations. Also, physical damage displayed low rates with 0.49% on exfoliation, 0.04% on blistering, 0.28% on break-out; however, the joint crack index was high, 6.20. Additionally, efflorescence was observed on outcrops at the backside and the northwestern side. Physical properties measured by an indirect ultrasonic analysis were found to be moderately weathered (MW). Above all, the southeastern side was much fresher, though some areas around the column of protection facility appeared more weathered. Furthermore, five kinds of discontinuity surface can be found at this site, with the bedding plane showing the higher share. There is the possibility of toppling failure occurring at this site but stable on plane and wedge failure by means of stereographic projection. We concluded that the overall level of deterioration and stability were relatively fine. However, continuous monitoring and conservation treatment and management should be performed as situations such as the physicochemical weathering of the fossil layer, and the efflorescence of the mortar adjoining the protection facility's column appear to be challenging to control.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.89-106
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• 2022

Recently, the amount of video data collected from smartphones, CCTVs, black boxes, and high-definition cameras has increased rapidly. According to the increasing video data, the requirements for analysis and utilization are increasing. Due to the lack of skilled manpower to analyze videos in many industries, machine learning and artificial intelligence are actively used to assist manpower. In this situation, the demand for various computer vision technologies such as object detection and tracking, action detection, emotion detection, and Re-ID also increased rapidly. However, the object detection and tracking technology has many difficulties that degrade performance, such as re-appearance after the object's departure from the video recording location, and occlusion. Accordingly, action and emotion detection models based on object detection and tracking models also have difficulties in extracting data for each object. In addition, deep learning architectures consist of various models suffer from performance degradation due to bottlenects and lack of optimization. In this study, we propose an video analysis system consists of YOLOv5 based DeepSORT object tracking model, SlowFast based action recognition model, Torchreid based Re-ID model, and AWS Rekognition which is emotion recognition service. Proposed model uses single-linkage hierarchical clustering based Re-ID and some processing method which maximize hardware throughput. It has higher accuracy than the performance of the re-identification model using simple metrics, near real-time processing performance, and prevents tracking failure due to object departure and re-emergence, occlusion, etc. By continuously linking the action and facial emotion detection results of each object to the same object, it is possible to efficiently analyze videos. The re-identification model extracts a feature vector from the bounding box of object image detected by the object tracking model for each frame, and applies the single-linkage hierarchical clustering from the past frame using the extracted feature vectors to identify the same object that failed to track. Through the above process, it is possible to re-track the same object that has failed to tracking in the case of re-appearance or occlusion after leaving the video location. As a result, action and facial emotion detection results of the newly recognized object due to the tracking fails can be linked to those of the object that appeared in the past. On the other hand, as a way to improve processing performance, we introduce Bounding Box Queue by Object and Feature Queue method that can reduce RAM memory requirements while maximizing GPU memory throughput. Also we introduce the IoF(Intersection over Face) algorithm that allows facial emotion recognized through AWS Rekognition to be linked with object tracking information. The academic significance of this study is that the two-stage re-identification model can have real-time performance even in a high-cost environment that performs action and facial emotion detection according to processing techniques without reducing the accuracy by using simple metrics to achieve real-time performance. The practical implication of this study is that in various industrial fields that require action and facial emotion detection but have many difficulties due to the fails in object tracking can analyze videos effectively through proposed model. Proposed model which has high accuracy of retrace and processing performance can be used in various fields such as intelligent monitoring, observation services and behavioral or psychological analysis services where the integration of tracking information and extracted metadata creates greate industrial and business value. In the future, in order to measure the object tracking performance more precisely, there is a need to conduct an experiment using the MOT Challenge dataset, which is data used by many international conferences. We will investigate the problem that the IoF algorithm cannot solve to develop an additional complementary algorithm. In addition, we plan to conduct additional research to apply this model to various fields' dataset related to intelligent video analysis.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.393-411
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine factors related to the satisfaction level of patients with dental services. Methods : The subjects in this study were 200 patients at three different dental clinics in South Gyeongsang Province, on whom a survey was conducted from June 1 to July 31, 2009. The collected data were analyzed, and the findings of the study were as follows. Results : In regard to the general characteristics of the patients investigated, the women(61.5%) out-numbered the men. By age, those who were at the age of 30 and down made up the largest age group(47.0%). By academic background, the greatest group received junior-college education(54.0%). By occupation, the company employees constituted the largest group (50.5%). By income, the greatest group earned an income of 2 to 2.99 million won(75.0%). Second, as to connections between the characteristics of dental treatment and the reason of choosing the dental clinics, the largest group(70.4%) chose the dental clinics by word of mouth or the recommendation of others. Concerning the reason of dissatisfaction, the biggest group(72.7%) was unsatisfied with medical costs. As for the degree of explicit complaint, the greatest group(49.7%) sort of complained about what made them dissatisfied. Regarding the type of treatment, the biggest group(49.0%) received prosthodontic treatment. In relation to fear for dental treatment, the largest group(34.0%) feared receiving the treatment, and the biggest group(42.6%) did that due to the sound of machines. Third, satisfaction with services(0.762) had the closest correlation to overall satisfaction level, followed by satisfaction with employees(0.735), satisfaction with dentists(0.644) and satisfaction with convenient facilities (0.579). Fourth, the factors that affected overall satisfaction level were gender, the reason of choosing the dental clinic, satisfaction with dentists, satisfaction with employees, satisfaction with services and satisfaction with convenient facilities. The patients who were better satisfied with services(p<0.001), who were more contented with dentists(p<0.001), who chose the dental clinics by the recommendation of others(p<0.01), who were male(p<0.05), who were more gratified with employees(p<0.05) and who were more contented with convenient facilities expressed better overall satisfaction. Conclusions : The above-mentioned findings suggested that dental institutions should keep track of the expectations of patients to prepare differentiated strategies for marketing and human-resources development in consideration of their own circumstances to boost the satisfaction level of patients. Specifically, it's required to heighten the satisfaction level of patients with dentists.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 2014

Recently, camera and RADAR are used for more effective and accurate observation of the bird migration. In recent years, many researches on the bird migration using RADAR are undertaking and in active, thus causes the advent of "RADAR ornithology" as a new academic field. Due to the lack of accessibility, economic feasibility and mobility of weather RADAR, airport searching RADAR and tracking RADAR, Nowadays, a marine RADAR is widely used for a bird observation. In this paper, we deals with a study on development of a remote bird observation system using marine FMCW RADAR, which monitors, records and analyzes bird movement by RADAR image processing and target recognition technology. Also, we conduct first test and second test for availability of the developed system, and verify the system to apply in bird observation domain. Consequently, we figured problems out, and correct the problems to improve the system. The developed system can apply in other domains such as environment evaluation. In the future, the system needs to improve accuracy of statistics and to track migration route of bird.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.291-305
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• 2008

Previous study about Mobile Music Contents was mainly focused on Industry factors & enterprise factors like Technology. This study is not only focused on Technology factors, but also Customer & System factors like TAM of original, and also, this study first tried to find the Mobile Internet medium's customer purchase by each property's Mobile Music Contents from assorting the Mobile music Contents property and defining them. So to speak of this study have tried to concretely verify the factors of purchase. And also, I proposed an transformated model, and added independent variable factors, 'distinction', 'speed of system', 'speed of network', 'a career of use', 'amount of use', 'preservation', 'customization', 'information', 'confidence', 'omni presentation', 'potential possibility of reproduce'. By applying TAM this study has measured how the product property. user property, and system property causes effect to customer purchase of Mobile Music Contents. In results, First, success 8 factors were determined to be the purchase of 'Ringtone'. Second, 8 factors were determined to be the purchase of 'Ring-Back tone', but, 'The use of convenience' was not influenced 'Intention of Purchase'. Third, 6 factors were determined to be the purchase of 'Full Track Download of Music'. At the Conclusion this study presented a scheme that these study results could be applied in actual company and academic world.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.675-687
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• 2019

As interest in artificial intelligence increases, each university has been establishing a special graduate school with artificial intelligence major, and recently, the Korea government has established various support policies for artificial intelligence education. However, each university has a lot of difficulties because it has little experience in operating graduate education with the latest field of artificial intelligence and it is not easy to find experts. In this study, the response of graduate school students majoring in artificial intelligence was analyzed using IPA technique, and the direction of education of graduate school artificial intelligence major was searched. Among the 40 items surveyed by IPA, 12 items such as systematization of artificial intelligence curriculum, progress of class considering learning level, improvement of academic relations with guidance professors were extracted as items to be improved first. On the other hand, 8 items such as assistant capacity, and relationship with colleagues were overloaded, and twelve items such as instructor's lecture competency, appropriateness of educational contents, learner's artificial intelligence skills and knowledge, and attitude acquisition were to be maintained. In addition, eight items such as convergence education curriculum and diversity of education methods were all low in importance and performance. It is suggested that AI graduate school should be divided into two tracks(technical specialization, convergence expansion) by educational goal, and each track should be conducted by level-specific educational contents and methods suitable for student level. The curriculum should be elaborate and systematic to acquire AI knowledge, skills, and attitudes, and should have an individualized guidance system centered on excellent faculty members.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.70-81
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• 2019

The garment industry is one of the most labor-intensive manufacturing industries, with its sewing process relying almost entirely on manual labor. Its costs highly depend on the efficiency of this production line and thus is crucial to determine the production rate in real-time for line balancing. However, current production tracking methods are costly and make it difficult for many Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) to implement them. As a result, their reliance on manual counting of finished products is both time consuming and prone to error, leading to high manufacturing costs and inefficiencies. In this paper, a production tracking system that uses the sewing machines' energy consumption data to track and count the total number of sewing tasks completed through Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifiers is proposed. This system was tested on two target sewing tasks, with a resulting maximum classification accuracy of 98.6%; all sewing tasks were detected. In the developing countries, the garment sewing industry is a very important industry, but the use of a lot of capital is very limited, such as applying expensive high technology to solve the above problem. Applied with the appropriate technology, this system is expected to be of great help to the garment industry in developing countries.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.179-200
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• 2019

Word-of-mouth (WoM) is defined by consumer activities that share information concerning consumption. WoM activities have long been recognized as important in corporate marketing processes and have received much attention, especially in the marketing field. Recently, according to the development of the Internet, the way in which people exchange information in online news and online communities has been expanded, and WoM is diversified in terms of word of mouth, score, rating, and liking. Social media makes online users easy access to information and online WoM is considered a key source of information. Although various studies on WoM have been preceded by this phenomenon, there is no meta-analysis study that comprehensively analyzes them. This study proposed a method to extract major researches by applying text mining techniques and to grasp the main issues of researches in order to find the trend of WoM research using scholarly big data. To this end, a total of 4389 documents were collected by the keyword 'Word-of-mouth' from 1941 to 2018 in Scopus (www.scopus.com), a citation database, and the data were refined through preprocessing such as English morphological analysis, stopwords removal, and noun extraction. To carry out this study, we adopted main path analysis (MPA) and word co-occurrence network analysis. MPA detects key researches and is used to track the development trajectory of academic field, and presents the research trend from a macro perspective. For this, we constructed a citation network based on the collected data. The node means a document and the link means a citation relation in citation network. We then detected the key-route main path by applying SPC (Search Path Count) weights. As a result, the main path composed of 30 documents extracted from a citation network. The main path was able to confirm the change of the academic area which was developing along with the change of the times reflecting the industrial change such as various industrial groups. The results of MPA revealed that WoM research was distinguished by five periods: (1) establishment of aspects and critical elements of WoM, (2) relationship analysis between WoM variables, (3) beginning of researches of online WoM, (4) relationship analysis between WoM and purchase, and (5) broadening of topics. It was found that changes within the industry was reflected in the results such as online development and social media. Very recent studies showed that the topics and approaches related WoM were being diversified to circumstantial changes. However, the results showed that even though WoM was used in diverse fields, the main stream of the researches of WoM from the start to the end, was related to marketing and figuring out the influential factors that proliferate WoM. By applying word co-occurrence network analysis, the research trend is presented from a microscopic point of view. Word co-occurrence network was constructed to analyze the relationship between keywords and social network analysis (SNA) was utilized. We divided the data into three periods to investigate the periodic changes and trends in discussion of WoM. SNA showed that Period 1 (1941~2008) consisted of clusters regarding relationship, source, and consumers. Period 2 (2009~2013) contained clusters of satisfaction, community, social networks, review, and internet. Clusters of period 3 (2014~2018) involved satisfaction, medium, review, and interview. The periodic changes of clusters showed transition from offline to online WoM. Media of WoM have become an important factor in spreading the words. This study conducted a quantitative meta-analysis based on scholarly big data regarding WoM. The main contribution of this study is that it provides a micro perspective on the research trend of WoM as well as the macro perspective. The limitation of this study is that the citation network constructed in this study is a network based on the direct citation relation of the collected documents for MPA.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.32
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• pp.129-158
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• 2008

After Four-Seven debate in late 16C, Korean Neo-Confucian scholars had developed their theories on human nature and morality such as Insimdosimsoel (theories on the moral emotion and desire), Inmulsoengron(theories on human nature and animal nature), Mibalsimcheron(theories on the calm mind as the embodiment of morality). Confucian scholars had been active member of society since acceptance of Neo-Confucianism. They had the plans of social reforms on the basis of moral self cultivation from the elite Confucians to commoners. So the Confucian scholar took part in the foundation of new Confucian kingdom, the Joseon Dynasty(1392). Kwon gun(1352~1409), the famous Neo-Confucian scholar wrote Iphakdosoel(pictogram for beginer of Neo-Confucianism) which emphasized the importance of moral self cultivation and that the mandate of heaven in human nature is identical with Li, the moral principle which the origin of the human intrinsic moral ability as the basis of unity with man and heaven. He thought that ethical life is identical with mandate of heaven, so he insisted all the member of society should follow Li, the moral principle which the origin of human morality and social goodness. Also he emphasized the morality was the intrinsic and most important value of human being. Therefore ethical life became essential part of self cultivation. Joeng Ji-un(1509~1561) wrote the Chunmyongdosoel (pictogram of mandate of Heaven), the start point of Four-Seven debate in mid 16C. Joeng followed Kwon's theoretical line. He emphasized the importance of moral self cultivation and the human intrinsic moral ability. He wrote that the Four moral emotions arise from Li, the moral principle of mind, while Seven emotions arise from Ki, vital force of body. He insisted that human being should control Ki, the vital force to follow the Li, the moral principle of mind. This Korean Confucian scholars developed theories of morality and self cultivation. This theories not only show the philosophical speculation of Korean Confucian scholars but also show the social idealism and moral utopianism which grounded on the human morality. So they had trust in human morality which can guide human being into the right track to the good and peaceful society. These tendencies are main characteristics of Korean Neo-Confucianism which has seen from the begining of acceptance of Neo-Confucianism. Some modern philosophical criticism which insist the Korean Neo-Confucian theories such as Four-Senven theories was indulged in academic discussion are not only neglect the historical realty but also ignore the potential of Korean Neo-Confucian heritage.