• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.3
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• pp.173-192
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• 2005

Yoo Youngkuk started his career as an artist when he entered Bunkagakuin of Tokyo in 1935 he actively participated in the Japanese art scene as a young Korean artist until 1943. In his earliest works, Rhapsody and Work B, Surrealist and abstract influences are manifested as these were prevalent in Japan at the time. With the exception of Rhapsody and Work B, all works available that were executed between 1937 and 1940 are abstract, which points to the fact that Yoo intended abstraction from the beginning. Surviving works in relief suggest his early style was founded on the abstractions similar to Russian Avant-Garde, Neo-plasticism and Bauhaus simplicity. His early abstractions were not the ideational images derived in the process of the abstraction of the representational image, but they arose from the constructive attitude in composing the already stylized non-representational geometries. It is worth noting that his early emphasis was on the pure and absolute geometric abstraction, rather than the images motivated from the figurative representation. Yoo differentiates himself from Kim Whan Ki in the following aspects: one, he eliminated the subject matter i.e. human figures and the nature; two, he maintained the constructivist attitude in creating a strict and absolute abstraction; three, he experimented with different styles without combining them. He manifests direct influences from the prevalent Western art influences, such as Futurism and Russian Avant-Garde, unlike Kim who vaguely references. In both paintings and reliefs, Yoo's attempt in the realization of the pictorial depth and space seems cerebral and conceptualized compared with the other artists of the time who resolved abstraction via the constructive dimension. Uemura, a contemporary critic to the geometric abstractions in Japan, disapproves the stylistic bent in the adaptation of the abstract painting without the comprehension of its spiritual movement. As witnessed in other criticisms as well, contemporary Japanese critics' interest lie mainly in the superficial observation such as the presence of representational elements, composition and use of color. Such formal and superficial understanding of the geometric abstraction resulted in

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.87-96
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• 2006

Most conventional database systems support specific queries that are concerned only with data that match a query qualification precisely. A cooperative query answering supports query analysis, query relaxation and provides approximate answers as well as exact answers. The key problem in the cooperative answering is how to provide an approximate functionality for alphanumeric as well as categorical queries. In this paper, we propose a metricized knowledge abstraction hierarchy that supports multi-level data abstraction hierarchy and distance metric among data values. In order to facilitate the query relaxation, a knowledge representation framework has been adopted, which accommodates semantic relationships or distance metrics to represent similarities among data values. The numeric domains also compatibly incorporated in the knowledge abstraction hierarchy by calculating the distance between target record and neighbor records.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.241-243
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• 1991

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1187-1194
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• 2011

The hydrogen abstraction reaction of $CF_3CH_2CHO$ + OH has been studied theoretically by dual-level direct dynamics method. Two stable conformers, trans- and cis-$CF_3CH_2CHO$, have been located, and there are four distinct OH hydrogen-abstraction channels from t-$CF_3CH_2CHO$ and two channels from c-$CF_3CH_2CHO$. The required potential energy surface information for the kinetic calculation was obtained at the MCG3-MPWB//M06-2X/aug-cc-pVDZ level. The rate constants, which were calculated using improved canonical transitionstate theory with small-curvature tunneling correction (ICVT/SCT) were fitted by a four-parameter Arrhenius equation. It is shown that the reaction proceeds predominantly via the H-abstraction from the -CHO group over the temperature range 200-2000 K. The calculated rate constants were in good agreement with the experimental data between 263 and 358 K.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.38
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• pp.337-358
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• 1998

Underlying principles on the origin and establishment of the concept fo Right-and-Left (R-&-L) in Korean traditional costume is studied in this paper. Among Korean traditional costumes, ordinary and funeral costumes are considered in this study. Thed concept of R-&-L expanded into different elements of daily life among Korean people is also considered as a process of conceptual development : starting from astron-omy principle, then developed to pragmatism principle, and expanded to abstraction principle. No evidence on the case where the astro-omy principle was directly applied to was found in this study. In most cases, pragmatism and abstraction principles are observed as underly-ing principles. In ordinary costumes, pragmatism principle is the fundamental base for R-&-L through right-hand-use rule. Even though abstraction prin-ciple was found in some ordinary costumes, we believe that this was generated for adding more meanings in addition to the pragmatism principle. In funeral costumes, pragmatism principle was almost totally ignored unlike in ordinary costumes because the funeral rite was performed though formality with abstract thoughts. The abstraction principle was exercised with the form of simple-discrimination rule based on the dual system along with Yin-Yang related cultural rules such as‘Yang-left-and-Yin-right’or‘father-left-and-mother-right’. However, the case where‘left-male-and-right-female’rule is applied to was not found in this study.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.43-64
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• 1998

Cooperative query answering is a research effort to develop a fault-tolerant and intelligent database system using the semantic knowledge base constructed from the underlying database. Such knowledge base has two aspects of usage. One is supporting the cooperative query answering process for providing both an exact answer and neighborhood information relevant to a query. The other is supporting ongoing maintenance of the knowledge base for accommodating the changes in the knowledge content and database usage purpose. Existing studies have mostly focused on the cooperative query answering process but paid little attention to the dynamic knowledge base maintenance. This paper proposes a multi-level knowledge representation framework called Knowledge Abstraction Hierarchy(KAH) that can not only support cooperative query answering but also permit dynamic knowledge maintenance, On the basis of the KAH, a knowledge abstraction database is constructed on the relational data model and accommodates diverse knowledge maintenance needs and flexibly facilitates cooperative query answering. In terms of the knowledge maintenance, database operations are discussed for the cases where either the internal contents for a given KAH change or the structures of the KAH itself change. In terms of cooperative query answering, four types of vague queries are discussed, including approximate selection, approximate join, conceptual selection, and conceptual join. A prototype system has been implemented at KAIST and is being tested with a personnel database system to demonstrate the usefulness and practicality of the knowledge abstraction database in ordinary database application systems.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.7 s.103
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• pp.761-766
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• 2005

This paper proposes a video model for the implementation of the cultural video database system. We have utilized an efficient scene change detection method that segments cultural video into semantic units for efficient indexing and retrieval of video. Since video has a large volume and needs to be played for a longer time, it implies difficulty of viewing the entire video. To solve this Problem. the cultural video abstraction was made to save the time and widen the choices of video the video abstract is the summarization of scenes, which includes important events produced by setting up the abstraction rule.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.107-116
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• 2019

Non-geometric shapes in contemporary architecture was explained from the transcendental schema of Deleuze with his abstraction theory. In this explanation, the intensity, the movement and change and the sublime were suggested as the expressional elements of the transcendental abstraction related with the artistic sensation of architecture. First, the intensity as a power of sensation which acts to the body before the recognition of brain is mainly expressed with the movement of curved lines of architectural space. Second, the movement of change is expressed as the de-centralized and de-formalized nomadic curve as the line in architectural 'smooth space' which has unrestrained orientations. Third, the sublime is expressed in the hugeness, enormousness or sometimes uncanny in void space, which could be contradictively mixed with senses of displeasure and pleasure. The sublime feelings in architecture can be emerging by rationally overcoming the unpleasant senses of contradictive spaces in architecture or urban fabric. This study has explained those expressional elements with the architectural works of Steven Holl, Frank Gehry and Zaha Hadid.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.479-490
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• 2009

A number of temporal abstraction approaches have been suggested so far to handle the high computational complexity of Markov decision problems (MDPs). Although the structure of temporal abstraction can significantly affect the efficiency of solving the MDP, to our knowledge none of current temporal abstraction approaches explicitly consider the relationship between topology and efficiency. In this paper, we first show that a topological measurement from complex network literature, mean geodesic distance, can reflect the efficiency of solving MDP. Based on this, we build an incremental method to systematically build temporal abstractions using a network model that guarantees a small mean geodesic distance. We test our algorithm on a realistic 3D game environment, and experimental results show that our model has subpolynomial growth of mean geodesic distance according to problem size, which enables efficient solving of resulting MDP.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.141-149
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• 2007

In this study, the use of abstraction has been considered, focusing on the abstract metaphoric expressions presented in Animatrix and it has a purpose as the case study in the use of abstraction as a unique element of animation in which imaginative ideas and stimuli are significantly important and the pioneering works of abstract animations were produced in the early 20th century. The abstract metaphors expressed in The Second Renaissance Part1 & Part2 and Matriculated among the episodes of Animatrix, the animation produced in the omnibus form directed by Wachowski Brothers and great Master in the world, can be analyzed into Anima of Abstraction abstractively expressing organic vital power, Extensity of Abstraction which 4D space is realized possibly recognizing the human emotions as well as 3D space, and Conceptualization of Abstraction directly presenting the human mentality and imaginary world.