• 제목/요약/키워드: absorption loss ($L_a$)

검색결과 68건 처리시간 0.034초

Congenital Chloride Diarrhea 1례 (A Case of Congenital Chloride Diarrhea in Premature Infant)

  • 윤성관;김은영;문경래;박상기
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제46권3호
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    • pp.308-311
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    • 2003
  • 저자들은 복부 팽만과 체중감소를 주소로 내원한 신생아에서 복부 팽만이 심하여 기계적 장 폐색을 의심하여 시험적 개복술 시행하였으나, 폐색 소견 발견되지 않았고 이후 대변의 염소 이온 농도를 검사한 결과 CLD로 진단된 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Yield of Boer Goats Fed Diets Containing Leaves or Whole Parts of Andrographis paniculata

  • Yusuf, A.L.;Goh, Y.M.;Samsudin, A.A.;Alimon, A.R.;Sazili, A.Q.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.503-510
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    • 2014
  • The study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding diets containing Andrographis paniculata leaves (APL), whole Andrographis paniculata plant (APWP) and a control without Andrographis paniculata (AP0), on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat yield of 24 intact Boer bucks. The results obtained indicated that inclusion of Andrographis paniculata significantly improved feed intake, weight gain, feed efficiency and live weight. The ratios of carcass to fat, lean to bone, lean to fat, and composition of meat were also improved. In addition, there were significant differences (p<0.05) between the dietary treatments in dressing percentage and chilling loss. Goats fed on AP0 (control) had significantly higher proportions of fat and bone, as well as thicker back fat than the supplemented animals (APL and APWP). Higher gut fill in animals fed Andrographis paniculata suggested slow rate of digestion, which could have improved utilization and absorption of nutrients by the animals. Goats fed Andrographis paniculata also produced higher meat yield and relatively lower fat contents (p<0.05).

Optimization of reactivity control in a small modular sodium-cooled fast reactor

  • Guo, H.;Buiron, L.;Sciora, P.;Kooyman, T.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제52권7호
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    • pp.1367-1379
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    • 2020
  • The small modular sodium-cooled fast reactor (SMSFR) is an important component of Generation-IV reactors. The objective of this work is to improve the reactivity control in SMSFR by using innovative systems, including burnable poisons and optimized control rods. SMSFR with MOX fuel usually exhibits high burnup reactivity loss that leads to high excess reactivity and potential fuel melting in control rod withdrawal (CRW) accidents, which becomes an important constraint on the safety and economic efficiency of SMSFR. This work applies two types of burnable poisons in a SMSFR to reduce the excess reactivity. The first one homogenously loads minor actinides in the fuel. The second one combines absorber and moderators in specific assemblies. The influence of burnable poisons on the core characteristics is discussed and integrated into the analysis of CRW accidents. The results show that burnable poisons improve the safety performance of the core in a significant way. Burnable poisons also lessen the demand for the number, absorption ability, and insertion depth of control rods. Two optimized control rod designs with rare earth oxides (Eu2O3 and Gd2O3) and moderators are compared to the conventional design with natural boron carbide (B4C). The optimized designs show improved neutronic and safety performance.

Producing synthetic lightweight aggregates by treating waste TFT-LCD glass powder and reservoir sediments

  • Tang, Chao-Wei
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.325-342
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    • 2014
  • The use of lightweight aggregate (LWA) instead of ordinary aggregate may make lightweight aggregate concrete, which possesses many advantages such as lightweight, lower thermal conductivity, and better fire and seismic resistance. Recently the developments of LWA have been focused on using industrial wastes as raw materials to reduce the use of limited natural resources. In view of this, the intent of this study was to apply Taguchi optimization technique in determining process condition for producing synthetic LWA by incorporating waste thin film transition liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCD) glass powder with reservoir sediments. In the study the waste TFT-LCD glass cullet was used as an additive. It was incorporated with reservoir sediments to produce LWA. Taguchi method with an orthogonal array L16(45) and five controllable 4-level factors (i.e., cullet content, preheat temperature, preheat time, sintering temperature, and sintering time) was adopted. Then, in order to optimize the selected parameters, the analysis of variance method was used to explore the effects of the experimental factors on the performances (particle density, water absorption, bloating ratio, and loss of ignition) of the produced LWA. The results showed that it is possible to produce high performance LWA by incorporating waste TFT-LCD glass cullet with reservoir sediments. Moreover, Taguchi method is a promising approach for optimizing process condition of synthetic LWA using recycled glass cullet and reservoir sediments and it significantly reduces the number of tests.

자가지방 주사를 이용한 불만족스러운 상안검 주름을 동반한 상안검 함몰의 교정 (Correction of Sunken Eyelid with Unfavorable Fold Using Autologous Fat Injection)

  • 권석민;박준;양원용;유영천;강상윤
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.471-479
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    • 2008
  • Purpose: Sunken eyelid is a deformity of upper eyelid due to atrophy of periocular fat tissue, loss of skin elasticity. It causes the skin retraction of eyelid and unfavorable fold. Sunken eyelid occurs from the results of natural aging process, facial trauma, complication of previous periocular surgery, etc. We acquired a satisfied correction of sunken eyelid and unfavorable fold using autologous fat injection only. The aim of this study is a assessment of autologous fat injection for correction of sunken eyelid accompanied with unfavorable fold. Methods: From August 2002 to March 2006, we performed 37 cases of correction of sunken eyelid with unfavorable fold using autologous fat injection. They were all females with ages ranged from 23 to 63. Fat was harvested from lower abdomen and centrifuged with Coleman system. Multi-layered injection of purified fat was done from orbital fat layer to orbicularis oculi muscle. Results: Overall, improvement of sunken eye and unfavorable fold was observed in the majority of the patients. Discomfort of eye opening was improved in 24 patients. The average injection volume was 1.33 mL in right eyelid, 1.31 mL in left eyelid at first injection. Second injection was done in patients who absorption of injected fat was noted with. No specific complications were observed. Conclusion: Natural and attractive upper eyelid was acquired from fat injection only in sunken eyelid with unfavorable fold. To the authors' knowledge, it is desirable for sunken eyelid accompanied with unfavorable fold to be treated with autologous fat injection at first. Although some shortcomings are substantial, autologous fat injection is easy and effective method for correction of unfavorable fold in sunken eyelid without specific complication.

클로렐라 추출물 첨가 국수의 품질 특성 (Quality Characteristics of Noodle Added with Chlorella Extract)

  • 박신인;조은정
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.120-127
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    • 2004
  • 생리적 활성이 높은 클로렐라 추출물을 효율적으로 활용하기 위한 방안으로 클로렐라 추출물 분말을 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% 수준으로 첨가하여 제조한 생국수의 품질 특성에 관하여 조사하였다. 클로렐라 추출물 분말을 첨가한 국수는 조리시의 중량, 부피, 함수율, 고형분 용출량이 대조구보다 높게 나타났다. 색도는 클로렐라 추출물 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 L값과 a값은 감소되었고 b값은 증가하였으며 조리하였을 때 L, a, b값이 모두 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 클로렐라 추출물을 첨가한 국수의 조리 후 텍스쳐에서 경도, 응집성, 탄성, 점성, 씹힘성은 대조구에 비해 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 관능 검사 결과 클로렐라 추출물 1.5% 첨가구에서 맛, 텍스쳐, 후미, 전체적인 기호도가 가장 좋게 평가되었고, 색깔과 향은 대조구와 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 보면 클로렐라 추출물 분말을 1.5%첨가함으로써 품질과 관능성이 향상된 생국수 제조가 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

반응 표면 분석법을 이용한 글루텐 프리 쌀 우동 제조 최적화 (Optimization of mixing ratio in preparation of gluten-free rice udon through response surface methodology)

  • 박세진;은종방
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제53권6호
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    • pp.739-748
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    • 2021
  • 본 연구에서는 가공용 쌀 이용성 향상을 위한 쌀 가공 제품개발과 쌀 생면 제조 기술 확보를 위해 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 글루텐 프리 쌀 우동의 주원료인 쌀가루, 변성전분(아세틸아디핀산이전분), 트레할로스의 함량에 따른 글루텐 프리 쌀 우동의 품질에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 제조 배합비를 Box-Behnken법을 이용하여 최적화하였다. 반응모형에서 쌀가루 함량이 높을수록 수분흡수율, 부피, 황색도, 탄성, 검성, 씹힘성, 응집성이 증가하였으며 변성전분의 함량이 적을수록 황색도, 탄성이 높았다. 수분함량, 명도, 황색도는 linear 모델로 결정되었으며 p-value는 <0.0001, 0.0113, 0.0214로 유의적 차이를 보였다. 글루텐 프리 쌀 우동 주원료의 배합비는 트레할로스의 첨가 없이 쌀가루 60 g, 변성전분 18.81 g 사용하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 나타났다. 반응표면 분석법을 통한 최적 배합비에 따라 글루텐 프리 쌀 우동을 제조한 결과 백색도는 73.09, 수분 흡수율은 59.73%, 부피 32.61 mL, 탁도 0.44, 조리손실율 5.74%, 용출고형분 함량은 1.86%였다. 이 연구 결과는 글루텐 프리 쌀 우동 제조에 기초자료로 제공되어 향후 제품 개발에 도움이 될 것으로 여겨진다.

소금의 종류를 달리한 식빵의 품질 특성 (Quality Characteristics of White Pan Breads Prepared with Various Salts)

  • 김혁;최차란;함경식
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.72-80
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    • 2007
  • 다양한 소금의 첨가가 제빵 특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 기계염, 국산 천일염, 중국산 천일염, 멕시코산 천일염, 구운 소금, 죽염을 첨가하여 반죽과 식빵을 제조하고 각각의 특성을 조사하였다. Farinograph로 측정한 반죽의 흡수율은 소금의 첨가로 감소하였으며, 기계염의 경우가 흡수율 감소가 작아 가장 높은 흡수율을 나타내었다. 반죽의 면적과 저항면에서는 국산, 중국산, 멕시코산 천일염과 죽염 등이 크게 나타나 우수한 제빵적성을 보였다. Amylograph로 측정한 paste의 최고점도는 기계 염, 천일염, 세척탈수염 첨가군은 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 구운 소금과 죽염 첨가군은 다소 높았다. 식빵의 비용적은 국산 천일염 첨가군이 4.11 mL/g으로 가장 작았으며 멕시코산 천일염 첨가군은 4.85 mL/g으로 부피 증가가 가장 컸다. 빵의 무게는 국산 천일염 첨가군에서 412.4g으로 가장 높아 굽기 손실율 에서 국산 천일염 첨가군(10.34%)이 다른 첨가군(10.91$\sim$11.65%)에 비해 낮았다. 식빵의 색도에서는 국산 천일염 첨가군의 경우 빵 껍질의 명도가 크고 적색도가 낮았고, 빵내부의 황색도는 높았으며, 다른 첨가군은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 저장 초기의 식빵의 경도는 세척 탈수염 첨가군이 가장 낮았고 중국산 천일염 첨가군이 가장 높았으며 저장기간 1, 3, 5일 경과함에 따라 멕시코산 천일염과 중국산 천일염 첨가군은 경도가 크게 증가했다. 식빵의 관능검사 결과 소금의 종류에 따른 식빵의 내 외부적 제품 특성에서 국산 천일염 첨가군과 멕시코산 천일염 첨가군이 유의적 차이를 보였으며 향, 맛, 전체적인 기호도에서는 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다.

붕산처리(硼酸處理) 합판(合板)의 열판건조(熱板乾燥) 및 동적(動的) 탄성율(彈性率)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (Studies on Press Drying and Dynamic Elastic Modulus of Plywood Treated with Boric Acid)

  • 김종만
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.56-67
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    • 1987
  • Plywoods used for construction as a decorative interior material are inflammable and can make fire accidents, causing destruction of human life and property. Therefore, it is indeed required to make fire-retardant treated plywood. In this study, 3.7mm yellow meranti plywoods were soaked in 18% boric acid solutions and tap water by hot-cold bath for 1/2, 2/2, 4/2, 6/2 hours and redrying of treated plywoods was carried out by press drying at the platen temperature of 110, 130, 160, $180^{\circ}C$ and then it was conducted to investigate solution absorption, drying rates, dynamic young's modulus. specific gravity and fire-retardant factors such as burning point, flame spread length. flame exhausted time, back side carbonized area and weight loss by treating time, treating solutions and platen temperature. The results are as follows; 1. When plywood was impregnated with the hot bath temperature of $70^{\circ}C$ for 1. 2, 4, 6 hours and the cold bath temperature of $15^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours respectively, retentions of boric acid were 1.565, l.597, 1.643, 1.709kg/$(30cm)^3$ and all of them exceeded the minimum retention [1.125kg/$(30cm)^3$] even in the shortest treatment. 2. In hot-cold bath method for 1/2 hours, the drying rates of treated plywood remarkably increased with the extension of platen temperature of 110, 130, 160, $180^{\circ}C$ and the values of boric acid treated plywood were 5.900, 10.196, 45.42, 54.958m.c%/min and the values of water treated plywood were 6.014, 12.373, 46.520, 55.730m.c%/min and drying rates of water treated plywood were faster than those of boric acid treated plywood. 3. The values of boric acid treated plywoods in dynamic young's modulus were widely higher than those of water treated plywoods. And it can be observed that there were highly significant differences for treating time between dynamic young's modulus, and the values of boric acid plywoods increased with the extension of treating time but on the contrary water treated plywoods were decreased values with prolonged time 4. It was observed that there were highly significant differences for platen temperature between dynamic young's modulus. When the values of water treated plywoods in dyna nic young's modulus were abruptly decreased according to the rise of platen temperature. boric acid treated plywoods showed rather increased values at $160^{\circ}C$ of platen temperature. And in 2- way interactions, there were also highly significant for dynamic young's modulus between treating time x treating solutions and platen temperature x treating solutions. 5. Correlation coefficients of fire-retardant factors were shown in table 5. It could be recognized that there were close correlations between the treating solutions and burning point, flame spread length, back side carbonized area, flame exhausted time and weight loss, but there was no correlation between fire-retardant factors and treating time and platen temperature. 6. From table 6, it can be observed that there were highly significant differences for burning point, flame spread length, flame exhausted time, back side carbonized area, weight loss between treating solutions. And in 2-way interactions, there were highly significant for burning point, flame spread length, weight loss between treating time $\times$ treating solutions.

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스피루리나를 첨가한 생면과 조리면의 저장 중 품질특성 (Quality Characteristics of Raw and Cooked Spirulina Added Noodles during Storage)

  • 이윤진;손찬욱;김혜정;이진하;김미리
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.23-32
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구는 국수에 생리활성기능이 뛰어난 스피루리나를 0%, 0.63%, 1.25%, 2.5%가 되도록 첨가하여 복합분으로 생면을 제조.포장하여 냉장($4^{\circ}C$) 저장고에서 10일간 저장 하면서 저장일에 따른 이화학적, 미생물학적, 관능적 변화를 측정하여 제면특성, 관능적 특성 및 저장성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 기능성 국수로의 이용 가능성을 검토하고자 하였다. 생면의 저장 중 총균수는 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 증가하였으며, 스피루리나 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 총균수가 많이 검출되었으나 조리후에는 모두 검출되지 않았다. 또한 대장균은 모든 시료에서 검출되지 않았다. 스피루리나 첨가 국수는 조리시 중량 감소율, 부피 감소율, 함수율은 저장일이 증가함에 따라 대조구에 비해 스피루리나 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 수분함량은 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 감소하였고, 스피루리나 첨가량이 증가 할수록 감소하였다. 색도는 스피루리나 첨가량이 증가할수록 L값, a값과 b값이 모두 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 스피루리나 첨가 국수의 조리 후 경도, 응집성, 검성 및 씹힘성은 밀가루 국수에 비해 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 높아져 스피루리나 첨가 국수의 조직감이 단단한 것으로 나타났고, 탄력성은 저장 7일부터는 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 스피루리나 첨가 농도가 높아질수록 $IC_{50}$ 값이 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었으므로 스피루리나 첨가량이 증가할수록 국수의 항산화능이 높아지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 관능검사결과 1.25%가 면발의 쫄깃함 때문에 면발이 쉽게 불지 않아 전체적인 기호도 및 구입의사에서 유의적으로 높게 평가되었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 스피루리나를 첨가한 기능성 국수의 개발이 가능하였고, 스피루리나 첨가량은 1.25% 첨가시 가장 적당하다고 사료된다.