• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.193-205
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• 2021

The importance of forests and trees in climate change mitigation and soil nutrient cycling cannot be overemphasized. This study assessed the above-ground carbon stock of two exotic and two indigenous tree species - Gmelina arborea, Tectona grandis, Khaya grandifoliola and Nauclea diderrichii and their litter impact on soil nutrient content of an arboretum within the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Data were collected from equal sample plots from the four species' compartments. Tree growth variables including total height, diameter at breast height, crown height, crown diameter and merchantable height were measured for the estimation of above-ground carbon stock. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0-30 cm from each compartment and analyzed for particle size distribution, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases, exchangeable acidity, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, pH, Manganese, Iron, Copper and Zinc. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test for significant difference (p<0.05) in the carbon contents of the four species and the soil nutrient contents of the different species' compartments. Pearson correlation was used to assess the relationships between the carbon contents, growth parameters and soil parameters. The highest and lowest carbon stock per hectare was observed for G. arborea (151.52 t.ha^-1) and K. grandifoliola (45.45 t.ha^-1) respectively. Cation exchange capacity and base saturation were highest and lowest for soil under G. arborea and K. grandifoliola respectively. The pH was highest and lowest for soil under G. arborea and T. grandis respectively. Carbon stock correlated positively with dbh, crown diameter, merchantable height and Zn and negatively with base saturation. The study revealed that G. arborea and N. diderrichii can effectively be used for reforestation and afforestation programmes aimed at climate change mitigation across Nigeria. Therefore, policies to encourage and enhance their planting should be encouraged.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2016

Forest sequesters large terrestrial carbon which is stored in the biomass of tree and plays a key role in reducing atmospheric carbon. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to assess the growing stock, above ground biomass and carbon in trees of Ponda watershed of Rajouri district (J&K). IRS-P6 LISS-III satellite data of October 2010 was used for preparation of land use/land cover map and forest density map of the study area by visual interpretation. The growing stock estimation was done for the study area as well as for the sample plots laid in forest and agriculture fields. The growing stock and biomass of trees were estimated using species specific volume equations and using specific gravity of wood, respectively. The total growing stock in the study area was estimated to be $0.25million\;m^3$ which varied between $85.94m^3/ha$ in open pine to $11.58m^3/ha$ in degraded pine forest. However in agriculture area, growing stock volume density of $14.85m^3/ha$ was recorded. Similarly, out of the total biomass (0.012 million tons) and carbon (0.056 million tons) in the study area, open pine forest accounted for the highest values of 43.74 t/ha and 19.68 t/ha and lowest values of 5.68 t/ha and 2.55 t/ha, respectively for the degraded pine forest. The biomass and carbon density in agriculture area obtained was 5.49 t/ha and 2.47 t/ha, respectively. In all the three forest classes Pinus roxburghii showed highest average values of growing stock volume density, biomass and carbon.

• 생태와환경
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.330-338
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• 2023

산림 사업이 산림의 탄소저장량에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 임상도, 산림사업 정보 및 토양 정보 등을 활용하여 산림 사업 전후의 지상부 및 토양의 탄소저장량을 산정하고 그 변화를 분석하고자 하였다. 먼저 임상도 정보에 기초하여 면적이 넓고 영급이 감소하는 도엽 6곳을 선정하였다. 그리고 임상도와 생장계수, 산정 지역의 토양유기물함량, 토양용적밀도 등 데이터를 수집하여 산림 탄소저장량을 산정하였다. 그 결과 모든 곳에서 산림 탄소저장량은 산림사업 후 약 34.1~70.0%가 감소하였다. 그리고 기존 연구와 비교했을 때 국내 산림 토양은 지상부에 비해 더 적은 탄소를 저장하고 있어 우리나라의 산림 토양은 더 많은 탄소를 저장할 수 있는 잠재성이 큰 것으로 판단되며 탄소저장량 증대를 위한 전략이 필요할 것으로 판단되었다. 산림사업이 없을 때 있을 때보다 탄소저장량은 약 1.5배 많은 것으로 추정되었다. 그리고 본 연구에서 산림사업에 따라 간벌 전 산림 탄소저장량으로 회복되기까지 약 27년이 걸리는 것으로 추정되었다. 산림은 물리적 훼손에 의해 탄소저장량이 감소하면 원래의 탄소저장량으로 회복되기까지 오랜 시간이 걸리므로 특히 자연성이 높은 산림은 최대한 보전하는 계획을 수립하여 산림의 탄소저장 기능을 유지할 수 있도록 하여야 할 것이다.

• 환경생물
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2008

월악산 용하계곡에 발달되어 있는 굴참나무림에서 2005년부터 2006년까지 지상부와 지하부 생물량, 낙엽층 그리고 토양의 유기탄소의 분포를 조사하였으며, 탄소수지를 파악하기 위해 토양 호흡량을 측정하였다. 지상부와 지하부 생물량에 분포된 탄소량은 각각 56.22, 13.90 ton C ha$^{-1}$이 었으며, 낙엽층과 토양의 유기탄소량은 각각 4.7 ton C ha$^{-1}$, 119.14 ton C ha$^{-1}$ 50 cm-depth$^{-1}$로, 조사지 굴참나무림의 전체 유기탄소량은 193.96 ton C ha$^{-1}$이었으며, 이중 61.43%의 유기탄소가 토양에 분포하는 것으로 조사되었다. 본 굴참나무림에서 연간 지상부와 지하부 생물량에 의한 유기탄소의 순 증가량은 7.68 ton C ha$^{-1}$ yr$^{-1}$이었으며, 토양호흡을 통해 6.21 ton C ha$^{-1}$ yr$^{-1}$의 유기탄소가 방출되어 본 굴참나무림에서는 연간 대기로부터 1.47 ton C ha$^{-1}$ yr$^{-1}$가 순흡수되는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.234-242
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Cultivation of winter cover crops is strongly recommended to increase land utilization efficiency, animal feeding material self-production, and to improve soil and environmental quality. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four major winter crops (barley, Chinese milk vetch, hairy vetch, and rye) having different C/N ratio were seeded in silt loam paddy soil in the November 2007 and the aboveground biomass was harvested on the late May 2008 to evaluate its effectiveness as green manure, and root biomass distribution was characterized at the different depth (0-60 cm) to study its effect on physical properties and carbon sequestration in soil. During this experiment, the naturally growing weed in the rice paddy soil in Korea, short awn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis Sobol), was considered as control treatment. Above-ground biomass of all cover crops selected was significantly higher than that of the control treatment (2.8 Mg/ha). Comparatively higher above-ground biomass productivity of rye and barley (15.8 and 13.5 Mg/ha, respectively) suggested that these cover crops possibly had the highest potential as a green manure and animal feeding material. Root biomass production of different cover crops followed the same trend as that for their above ground biomass. Rye (Secale cereal) might have the highest potential for soil C accumulation (7893 C kg/ha) by root biomass development, and then followed by barley (6985 C kg/ha), hairy vetch (6467 C kg/ha), Chinese milk vetch (6671 C kg/ha), and control (5791 C kg/ha). CONCLUSION(s): Cover crops like rye and barley having high biomass productivity might be the most effective winter cover crops to increase organic carbon distribution in different soil aggregates which might be beneficial to improve soil structure, aeration etc. and C sequestration.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.250-258
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• 2022

Background: To assess the carbon sequestration capacity and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of Quercus glauca forests, we analyzed the net primary productivity (NPP), carbon storage, and carbon emission of soil in a Q. glauca forest on Jeju Island (South Korea) from 2016 to 2018. Results: The average carbon stock in the above- and below-ground plant biomass was 223.7 Mg C ha^-1, while the average amount of organic carbon fixed by photosynthesis was 9.8 Mg C ha^-1 yr^-1, and the average NPP was 9.6 Mg C ha^-1 yr^-1. Stems and branches contributed to the majority of the above- and below-ground standing biomass and NPP. The average heterotrophic carbon emission from the soil was 8.7 Mg C ha^-1 yr^-1, while the average NEP was 1.1 Mg C ha^-1 yr^-1. Although the carbon stock, carbon absorption, and soil respiration values were higher than those reported in other oak forests in the world, the NEP was similar or lower. Conclusions: These results indicator that Q. glauca forests perform the role of a large carbon sink through the CO₂ absorption in the plants in terms of carbon balance. And it is judged to be helpful as data for assessment of carbon storage and flux in the forests and mitigation of elevated CO₂ in the atmosphere.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2020

This study was carried out in degraded and non-degraded community forests (CF) in the Terai region of Kanchanpur district, Nepal. A total of 63 concentric sample plots each of 500 ㎡ was laid in the inventory for estimating above and below-ground biomass of forests by using systematic random sampling with a sampling intensity of 0.5%. Mallotus philippinensis and Shorea robusta were the most dominant species in degraded and non-degraded CF accounting Importance Value Index (I.V.I) of 97.16 and 178.49, respectively. Above-ground tree biomass carbon in degraded and non-degraded community forests was 74.64±16.34 t ha^-1 and 163.12±20.23 t ha^-1, respectively. Soil carbon sequestration in degraded and non-degraded community forests was 42.55±3.10 t ha^-1 and 54.21±3.59 t ha^-1, respectively. Hence, the estimated total carbon stock was 152.68±22.95 t ha^-1 and 301.08±27.07 t ha^-1 in degraded and non-degraded community forests, respectively. It was found that the carbon sequestration in the non-degraded community forest was 1.97 times higher than in the degraded community forest. CO₂ equivalent in degraded and non-degraded community forests was 553 t ha^-1 and 1105 t ha^-1, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between degraded and non-degraded community forests in terms of its total biomass and carbon sequestration potential (p<0.05). Studies indicate that the community forest has huge potential and can reward economic benefits from carbon trading to benefit from the REDD⁺/CDM mechanism by promoting the sustainable conservation of community forests.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공간정보시스템학회 2007년도 GIS 공동춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.359-362
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• 2007

Estimation of carbon in the natural forest regions is a pre-requisite for carbon management. In the light of increasing carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere, the amount of carbon present in the plants and soils are very much needed to estimate the sequestered carbons stock of any region. Carbon stock estimation studies are limited in India, especially in the natural forest regions of Eastern ghats of Tamil Nadu. Remote sensing, Geographical Information System (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS) were used along with extensive field and laboratory works to estimate the carbon stock in the living biomass and soil. About five forest types were identified and mapped using satellite data. The total biomass carbon including above and below ground were 2.74 Tg and the total soil organic carbon was 3.48 Tg. This study has yielded significant information about the carbon stock in a natural forest region and it could be used for future comparative studies.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.132-137
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• 2000

EPDM 발포체 제조의 충전제로 폐타이어 분쇄고무와 카본블랙을 각각 사용하면서 가황특성 및 기계적 물성을 조사하여 이들을 비교하였다. 그 결과 충전제의 함량이 증가함에 따라 가황시간이 짧아짐을 알았다. 분쇄고무를 충전제로 사용한 경우 충전제의 함량이 30 phr 이상이 되면 발포배율, 인장강도 및 신율이 급격히 감소하였다. 반면에 카본블랙을 사용한 경우는 70 phr이 사용될 때까지 인장강도 및 신율의 급격한 변화는 없었다. 이들을 고려할 때, 분쇄고무의 사용량은 30 phr 미만으로 제한시켜야 함을 알았으며 이는 낮은 계면 접착력 때문이었다. 제조된 EPDM 발포체는 우수한 내노화성을 나타내었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2022

This study examined the growth pattern and environmental factors affecting the growth of the halophyte, Suaeda japonica, which is prevalent on tidal flats in the west coast of Korea in order to calculate annual carbon production. Quantitative sampling was conducted every month for three years from 2018 to 2020 on salt marshes located on the southern coast of Ganghwa Island. In terms of annual density affected by the germination rate at first period, especially when air temperature for winter time was constantly below 0℃ for long periods of time, germination decreased and precipitation in summer also exerted an influence. In terms of annual growth with regard to length, the part below the ground grew rapidly in the beginning after budding, while the part above ground grew at a relatively steady rate at all times. With regard to biomass, the part below the ground also increased from April in a manner similar to length growth, but decreased drastically from September with leaves falling off and water loss occurring. The part above ground showed a rapid increase from the beginning of the rainy season. Size-frequency distribution revealed broader patterns after the rainy season as individual growth varied, but from September, it stopped at all year. High growth rates were recorded in the initial phase of growth after budding and growth was rapid, but growth declined in summer when biomass increased. The annual mean production based on growth rate was calculated at 352 gDWt/m²/yr, and the highest production was 519 gDWt/m²/yr in 2018, but it has decreased since 2019. Annual carbon production was at calculated 143.41 gC/m²/yr for Suaeda japonica in the vicinity of the southern coast of Ganghwa Island.