• 대한지리학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.84-104
• /
• 1994

1960년대 이후 공업화 정책의 영향으로 농어촌 지역주민의 향도이촌현상에 의한 인 구감소와 함께 학생수도 감소되어 학교의 소규모화 등장과 나아가 폐교현상이 나타났다. 본 연구는 인구감소에 따른 폐교의 유형과 그 지역적 특성을 밝히는 것을 목적으로, 분석한 결 과 다음과 같은 점이 밝혀졌다. 1980년대 전반기에는 댐과 같은 인공시설물 건설로 인한 폐 교가 많았으나, 198O년대 후반기의 폐교는 학생수가 감소하고 10년이 지난후에 나타났으며, 경지율이 낮고 해발고도가 높은 지역에서 폐교가 더 빠르게 진행되었다. 그리고 폐교시설의 활용은 교사 건축년도와 관계없이 자연경관의 수려함과 접근성에 의한다는 점이 밝혀졌다.

• 교육시설 논문지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.21-31
• /
• 2012

According to the decrease in birth rate and reduction of population in rural area, primary schools have brought about many problems for decrease of number of student, and environment of education have became deteriorated. Accordingly, primary schools be required improvement, and it should be altered placement of schools because it change number of student, distance and time of attending school, and formation of school zone are changed by alternating of human and physical environment. Merger and abolition of primary school is inevitable for change of placement standard to primary school and qualitative improvement of environment of education in rural area. This study suggests the effective space planning methods for unified school and appropriate utilization alternatives for closed school following after the merger and abolition of small rural schools. In doing so, it explores the present models of merger and abolition through analysis of all sort of actual condition and the possibilities for various utilizations of the abolished schools. It proposes a classroom-operation type fused the comprehensive class and departmental class system for merged primary schools in rural area. It also suggests the re-use methods of closed school facilities for students and community. Finally, it emphasizes that in order to success the policy of the merger and abolition of small schools, it be attributed to the social-cultural environment based on local residents and community and required provision of a variety of utilization plans reflecting local specifics and guarantee of local residents' participation and selection.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2002

Recently, the space organization of Korean-Chinese houses is different from that of other territories. The characteristics of eating and dinning space for Korean-Chinese Multi-family Housing are as follows ; ⅰ) The most obvious change in Korean-Chinese urban housing style was seen in kitchen space, which can be classify three types such as traditional type, improved type, and LDK type on the bases of heating and cooking method. ⅱ) Special feature of Korean-Chinese housing in Yanji city was that kitchen fulfilled important functions such as heating, cooking, dinning, sleeping, bathing and washing. Since then, each function was separated and functions of kitchen were cut down after all. iii) The arrangement of kitchen space have changeed according to the change of heating fuel, heating system, equipment, relatcd policy, etx. Multi-function kitchen discovered only in Yanji had lasted until 1980's by equipping heating floor system, which is suitable for sit-down living style. In 1990's, this kitchen style was prohibited legally, and the balcony area of kitchen widened due to the abolition of outdoor storehouse for foodstuff.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.365-390
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 법령의 제정에서 개정, 폐지에 이르기까지의 라이프사이클과 폐지 이후의 변천에 대한 유형을 분석하여 법령에 대한 FRBR 모형의 적용 방안을 검토하였다. 법령은 법조문으로 구성되어 있는 통합개체(aggregate entities)로서의 저작이며, 각각의 법조문도 저작이다. 이들의 사이에는 전체-부분 관계가 있다. 법령은 관보에 공포됨으로서 효력을 가지며, 업데이트된 법령이나 번역 자료 등은 법적으로 유효하지 않다. 법령명이 변경되었다고 하더라도 폐지되지 않으면 동일 개체로 취급하였으며, 관보에 표현된 단순한 정정문도 법적으로 유효하다. 도서관법은 도서관법(圖書館法), 도서관진흥법(圖書館振興法), 도서관(圖書館) 및 독서진흥법(讀書振興法), 도서관법의 순서대로 대체되었으며, 하나의 슈퍼저작으로 묶을 수 있다. 이것들에 대해 FRBR 모형 적용 방안을 제시하고, 도서관법에 대해 FRBR 모형의 제1집단인 저작, 표현형, 구현형, 개별자료에 대한 실제의 적용 사례를 제시하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.133-144
• /
• 2020

The national parks of South Korea take up an area of 6,726 ㎢, which accounts for 6.7% of the national land. They are national conservation areas with their area made up of 59.1% of land (3,972.6 ㎢) and 40.9% of seawaters (2,753.7 ㎢). And in 2019, the national parks are classified by type into 17 mountainous, 4 maritime or coastal, and 1 historical site. Here, the maritime or coastal nation parks are lately spotlighted as landmarks in maritime tourism. However, the area of the maritime or coastal national parks is continuously dwindling due to conflicts between the residents in the parks and Korea national park service, the continued pressure with respect to the regional tourism development and private investments, and the abolition of parks in relation to allegedly breached private properties. This study identifies the issues with the operation and management of national parks as caused by the abolition of parks and the reduction of areas, and goes from there to do research with the aim of suggesting an institutionalized improvement plan with a view to more useful operation and management of the maritime or coastal national parks. As a result, the natural resources in the sea and on land should be surveyed again to establish the standard for use-specific zoning and reorganize the park areas in adjusting the national park areas. Second, the use-specific districts need to be reviewed for their reorganization that meets the designation requirements by focusing on the characteristics of the different national parks with a view to ensuring reasonable natural conservation in the maritime or coastal national parks. Third, various support facilities for residents such as public path, lodgings, and rentals need to be created to reduce the conflicts between Korea national park service and those who live in the parks.

• 교육녹색환경연구
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.50-57
• /
• 2014

The educational facilities is the facility wining the specific gravity which is the most abundant by 269s (25.5%) among the godfather lease application facilities (1056)s of the abolition of school. In case of reusing the closing down a school as the educational facilities there is no legal matter which is under the separate punishment in comparison with the other facility according to the materials of the Ministry of Environment in 2013, and I am analyze that minimum cost is spent on a remodeling and it is most much used. The pattern study thinks about a purpose with the master plan through the plan characteristic derivation according to the analysis of current situation of the domestic closing down a school application educational facilities in which the related study is nonexistent and type in the educational facilities plan of the closing down a school still afterward in being utilized for reference data and guide book.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제10권7호
• /
• pp.1750-1759
• /
• 2009

최근 기업에서는 제품의 Life Cycle 단축과 다품종소량 생산으로 인하여 수많은 종류의 제품을 동시에 개발하고 생산하지 않으면 안 될 환경에 직면해 있다. 이러한 환경에 대응하기 위해, 좋은 제품을 개발하는 것도 중요하지만, 제품을 어떠한 방향을 연구하고 개발할 것인가는 기술혁신의 핵심과제로 인식되고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구에서는 제품의 개발 방법과 투자 방향을 결정하기 위하여 PPM (Product Portfolio Management) 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 PPM 알고리즘 분석으로 제품을 표준화형, 차별화형, 재료비검토형, 가공비검토형, 판매촉진형, 폐지형의 6가지 그룹으로 나누어 연구 개발 방향을 제시하였다. 연구 방법은 기존 연구의 포트폴리오 고찰과 R&D분야의 컨설팅 경험을 바탕으로, 알고리즘의 분석 모형을 제시하고, 적용 사례로 구성하였다.

• 교육시설 논문지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.3-12
• /
• 2012

This study is carried out to analyze transition about educational facilities of elementary schools with the change of policy and to find out a developmental direction for qualitative improvement. An analysis of blueprints is done to 34 elementary schools representing periodic characteristics after the 1960's. As a result, various cases were shown in arrangement type, unit space, block planning and plane planning of the schools after a abolition of law about the standardization of educational facilities on 1997, however, they were showing a tendency to simplify after the introduction of BTL on 2005. Spatial composition factors were very various in the schools planned from the middle of 1990's to the early of 2000's. Meanwhile, nearly fifty percent of occupying ratio about learning space in the schools of standard type was gradually decreased by modernization planning on 1990's. However, it was increased a little again after the BTL. In case of living area, the occupying ratio was comparatively high in the schools having characteristics of 1990's and it also tends to increase after the introduction of BTL.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.191-233
• /
• 2002

This paper is to examine some issues and policy direction of capital income taxation in Korea. Fundamental tax reform in US was reviewed to get some lessons for reforming the capital income taxation. One of main characteristics in Korea's capital income taxation is different treatment by corporation type, investment goods, and financial structures. Especially, the tax differential for debt and equity financing has been serious, as debt has been deducted as cost. We discuss that tax policy should try to satisfy the efficiency, equity, and simplicity under the structure of income based taxation for the time being. However, the changes of tax policies in advanced economies should be carefully examined, as Korea has the structure of small open economy. The current issue on the abolition of corporation income tax might be premature in logical structure and implementation. The US fundamental tax reform might be useful reference for determining the direction of capital income taxation in Korea, as it gives us some chances to discuss about tax base issue with income and consumption. Consumption based taxation is superior to income based taxation in the perspective of administrative and compliance costs. We should consider these tax costs for reforming capital income tax system in Korea.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2021

건설보증시장은 건설산업 및 건설시장의 변화에 영향을 받는 후방시장으로서의 특성을 갖고 있다. 최근 종합건설업체와 전문건설업체간의 업역 규제가 폐지되는 등 건설산업 생산체계의 대대적 개편이 추진됨에 따라 건설시장 뿐만 아니라 건설보증시장에도 큰 변화가 예상된다. 건설보증시장에는 현재 업역과 업종을 기반으로 구분된 종합·전문·기계설비의 3개 공제조합이 운영되고 있다. 업역이 폐지되고 나면 3개 공제조합 간 경쟁구조가 형성되는 등 건설보증시장에 여러 영향을 미칠 것이고, 따라서 시장 변화에 따라 건설보증기관의 역할에도 변화가 필요하다. 본 연구는 건설산업 생산체계 개편이 건설보증시장에 불러올 변화를 분석·예측하고, 건설보증시장에 미치는 파급효과를 분석하였다. '건설산업 생산체계 개편안'과 건설보증 관련 법령 및 제도· 정책, 건설 보증기관 관련 통계자료를 검토하여 건설보증시장의 현황을 파악하고, 3개 공제 조합원을 대상으로 설문조사를 수행하여 시장 참여자의 보증기관 이용 행태를 분석하였다. 생산체계 개편 후 보증시장 변화를 살펴보면, 기계설비 조합원의 타 보증기관 이용 의향이 가장 높으며, 종합과 전문 조합원은 경쟁 확대에도 불구하고 기존 공제조합을 이용, 타 이용기관을 중복으로 이용하는 조합원들이 많을 것으로 예상된다.