• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.341-346
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a relationship exists between head posture and phoria, and usefulness in examining habitual head posture. Methods: Twenty two subjects (20 males and 2 females, mean age $23.6{\pm}2.7$ years) with abnormal phoria from participants randomized were enrolled in this study. For all subjects, testing included case history, cover test, refraction, phoria and vergence test. Habitual head posture (head posture, head tilt and face turn) was measured by Impression IST, and observed by examiners. Results: The abnormal head posture was revealed in some subjects with abnormal phoria. Spearman' correlation ($\rho$=0.524, p=0.045) showed significant correction between face turn and phoria at distance in 15 subjects with prism prescription. No significant relationship between head posture and phoria was found in subjects with abnormal phoria. The objective measurement and subjective observation of head posture showed insignificant correction but there was a distinct difference. The former was detail and the latter was discriminate. Conclusions: Presence of abnormal head posture was found in phoric subjects. The results indicate the need to observe habitual head posture at all major positions of gaze in phoria.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2013

Objective : To investigate the cases of intracranial abnormal brain MRI findings even in the negative brain CT scan after mild head injury. Methods : During a 2-year period (January 2009-December 2010), we prospectively evaluated both brain CT and brain MRI of 180 patients with mild head injury. Patients were classified into two groups according to presence or absence of abnormal brain MRI finding even in the negative brain CT scan after mild head injury. Two neurosurgeons and one neuroradiologist validated the images from both brain CT scan and brain MRI double blindly. Results : Intracranial injury with negative brain CT scan after mild head injury occurred in 18 patients (10.0%). Headache (51.7%) without neurologic signs was the most common symptom. Locations of intracranial lesions showing abnormal brain MRI were as follows; temporal base (n=8), frontal pole (n=5), falx cerebri (n=2), basal ganglia (n=1), tentorium (n=1), and sylvian fissure (n=1). Intracranial injury was common in patients with a loss of consciousness, symptom duration >2 weeks, or in cases of patients with linear skull fracture (p=0.00013), and also more frequent in multiple associated injury than simple one (35.7%>8.6%) (p=0.105). Conclusion : Our investigation showed that patients with mild head injury even in the negative brain CT scan had a few cases of intracranial injury. These findings indicate that even though the brain CT does not show abnormal findings, they should be thoroughly watched in further study including brain MRI in cases of multiple injuries and when their complaints are sustained.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 1980

The author analysed the routine radiographic changes and clinical symptoms of 205 cases of temporomandibular joint arthrosis. The clinical symptoms of the patients were classified and the morphological ylar head, articular eminence, and articular fossa were analized and discussed view point. The positional changes of condylar head and articular fossa relatation in TMJ arthrosis were observed. The frequencies of coincidence between the site of complaints and the site of the abnormal images which could be detected were examined. The results were obtained as follows; 1. Bone erosion, deformity, marginal proliferation and sclerosis were selected from many abnormal images as the radiographic diagnostic criteria of TMJ arthrotic lesions. 2. Abnormal radiographic findings were revealed in 150 cases (73.9%) of 205 total TMJ arthrosis cases and site with abnormal findings coincided with the site of complaints in 106 cases (70.7%) of 150 cases and coincidence rates were higher above fourth decades than below third decades. 3. Sclerosis of the abnormal radiographic findings could be found more often below third decades than above fourth decades. 4. The positional changes of condylar head were revealed in 176 cases (85.9%) of 205 total cases. 5. Pain complaints were revealed in 170 cases(82.9%) and clicking sounds were revealed in 120 cases (58.6%) of clinical symptoms of TMJ arthrosis. 6. No tendency was found so far the differential diagnosis between pain dysfunction syndrom and osteoarthrosis of TMJ.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.377-384
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• 2023

The existence of abnormal breakpoint data leads to poor channel balance in wireless sensor networks (WSN). To enhance the communication quality of WSNs, a method for positioning abnormal breakpoint data in WSNs on the basis of signal reconstruction is studied. The WSN signal is collected using compressed sensing theory; the common part of the associated data set is mined by exchanging common information among the cluster head nodes, and the independent parts are updated within each cluster head node. To solve the non-convergence problem in the distributed computing, the approximate term is introduced into the optimization objective function to make the sub-optimization problem strictly convex. And the decompressed sensing signal reconstruction problem is addressed by the alternating direction multiplier method to realize the distributed signal reconstruction of WSNs. Based on the reconstructed WSN signal, the abnormal breakpoint data is located according to the characteristic information of the cross-power spectrum. The proposed method can accurately acquire and reconstruct the signal, reduce the bit error rate during signal transmission, and enhance the communication quality of the experimental object.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.179-184
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• 2004

Normal and abnormal morphology of the epididymal spermatozoa in the big white-toothed shrew, Crocidura lasiura were studied with the light and electron microscopy. Normal spematozoa were observed with a few abnormal spermatozoa. This indicates that abnormal morphology is no absolute indicator of infertility. However, the existence of the abnormal spermatozoa is related to infertility. Especially abnormal morphology of the sperm head is definitely associated with infertility. The following types of abnormal head morphology of the epididymal spermatozoa in the wild healthy adults of the C. lasiura were described: 1) Nucleus with lack of condensation of the nucleoplasm 2) Destructed acrosome 3) Folded acrosome and plasma membrane 4) Separation of the acrosome from the nucleus 5) Acrosome with irregular condensation 6) Wrongly located granules of the apical body.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.449-454
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• 1992

Eight healthy Holstein bulls, 4-6 years old were used to study the effect of season of the year on the incidence of the morphologically abnormal spermatozoa. Semen was collected twice a week by A. V. over one-year period. The percentage of total abnormal spermatozoa was $14.1{\pm}0.5$. Ejaculates collected during hot summer season had significantly higher incidence of abnormal spermatozoa than those collected during winter time. Warm spring had moderate semen abnormality. In addition to its effect on the total number of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa, season affected significantly the primary as well as the secondary types of abnormalities. The differences between incidence of primary and secondary types of abnormalities were not significant for all seasons and seasons pooled together. The ratio between the total forms of abnormality in the head, mid-piece and tail of spermatozoa was as 1:1.5:1. Head and mid-piece had defected more during summer compared with both winter and spring. There was no variation in tail abnormalities due to season. The significant effect of season on head was observed by large, pyriform, free and detached heads, while that on mid-piece was by swollen, coiled mid-pieces and protoplasmic droplets.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.66-74
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• 1996

There has been an increase in head trauma due to rapid industralization and improvement in transportation. This poses difficulties in differentiating between neuropsychiatric disabilities resulting from real organic changes and those arising from compensation issues. It is the purpose of this study to seek out the differences between normal and abnormal finding group in the structural brain imaging studies via the results of the functional brain imaging studies and psychological tests. Out of 132 subjects, 62 comprised normal and 70 the abnormal finding group. EEG and SPECT were chosen for inspection of functional brain imaging. MMPI and K-WAIS were chosen for psychological test. The subjects were further divided into right hemispheric damage, left hemispheric damage, both hemispheric damage, diffuse damage group and negative group in order to find out whether any differences in the psychological lest results could be localized. The results are as follows : 1) The abnormal finding group, the EEG and SPECT were proven to be a good predictor of brain lesion. This implies that even in the functional brain studies, abnormalities are more easily detected if there are visible brain lesions. 2) The FSIQ of the abnormal finding group is lower than that of normal finding group. this difference is mainly due to low V1Q. The left hemispheric damage group lend to shaw low V1Q. This lowered in was the difference between left hemispheric damage group and negative group. Furthermore, there were no group differences in the PIQ. It is concluded that K-WAIS is effective as evaluator of VIQ mainly of those patients with left hemispheric damage and it is ineffective as a evaluator of PIQ. 3) In the MMPI profile, the both groups displayed high neurotic profiles. There was no difference in the psychotic profiles. The scores of the Depression and Hystery were high in abnormal finding group. This can be seen as one of the lypical findings of chronic head trauma patients. 4) The abnormal finding group tend to be diagnosed as organic mental disorder in the psychological tests more frequently.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.916-922
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• 2023

An abnormal shape of Bathyraja brachyurops was first reported from the catch of a bottom trawl in the southwest Atlantic Ocean in June 2022. Both pectoral fins of the specimen did not fuse with the head, resulting in a horn-like structure separated from the sides of the eyes. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences showed that our specimen was perfectly matched to Bathyraja brachyurops registered with the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Our specimen possessed the following morphological features: a pair of flexible but elongated and pointed horns on the head; rough dorsal disc, densely covered with numerous small denticles on the head, anterior margin of pectoral fins and median line of the disc; a thorn between the first and second dorsal fins; and a pair of large ocelli at the base of pectoral fins. Unlike the normal B. brachyurops, our specimen had a slender clasper and no nuchal thorns, which may be related to the morphological abnormality. The horn-like structure on the head may be owing to the lack of fusion between the pectoral fins and head during early embryonic development.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.265-267
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• 2020

The congenital head anomalies are most often used to describe defects in the eyes, mouth, nose, skull, and or brain. The faulty embryogenesis most likely found to be associated with abnormal genetic or epigenetic causes during pregnancy. Eventually it leads to congenital anomalies. Rabbit-headed Lamb (RH) is a disorder in sheep breeding that is characterized by some deformities in the head and the face. A dead -day old- crossbred white Najdi lamb with a deformed face and head was reported to be born in the current case. The external and physical examination revealed a deformed skull and facial region with a unilateral eye, fused mouth, pig-like nose, and patent skull with the brain coming out from left eye orbit. Additionally, the lamb was very skinny with unusual long extremities. This is the first report of this syndrome that describes such deformities in a stillbirth Najdi breed lamb.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 1994

Morphological estimation of human spermatozoa is complicated by the fact that there is great natural variation in shape. This natural variation in shapes makes it difficult to say which forms are associated with infertility and which are normal variations. Possibly post coital test or in vitro cervical mucus penetration tests will help to clarify this question by showing which sperm are capable of penetration. The purpose of this investigation was performed to assess distribution of various morphological abnormalities according to the ability of sperm to penetrate cervical mucus. The sperm-mucus penetration using hen's egg white as substituting mucus for human cervical mucus was done in 45 fertile men with normal semen analysis and 122 infertile men with abnormal seminal parameters more than one. The female partners of 122 infertile couples showed normal results in the female fundamental test for fertility. Conventional semen analysis was evaluated according to the WHO standard normal(l980). The detailed classification of the abnormal sperm was made according to David et al(l975). The vitality of the sperm samples determined by eosin yellow-nigrosin stainig according to the method of Eliasson(l977). Results were as follw; 1. The patients had significantly lower total sperm count, motility (%), normal morphology (%), viability and total functional sperm fractions(TFSF) than fertile donors. 2. The mean value of sperm penetration distance of the patients(28.69${\pm}$11.02mm) showed significantly lower than fertile donors(37.33${\pm}$5.49mm). And 43/45 fertile donors(95.5%) as well as 57/122 patients(46.7%) had over 30mm in sperm penetration distance respectively. While 2/45 fertile donors(4.5 %) and 65/122 patient(53.3%) had under 30mm in sperm penetration distance respectively. 3. The morphological abnormalities in fertile donors were significantly lower 23.04${\pm}$5.83% (head = 12.89${\pm}$4.98, neck=6.11${\pm}$3.83%, and tail=3.43${\pm}$2.65%), compared to 36.03${\pm}$14. 40% in patients(head = 15.98 8.60%, neck 11.20${\pm}$6.56% and tail=8.70${\pm}$6.55%). Also, 3 types of sperm abnormalities including head, neck and tail were significantly lower in patient than fertile donors, respectively. Both the patients and fertile donors showed higher distribution of sperm with abnormal head than abnormal neck and tail. 4. The mean morphological abnormalities(SP>30mm) of the patients(30.68 11.64%; head = 15.95${\pm}$9.35%, neck=8.14${\pm}$4.21 %, tail=6.56${\pm}$5.64%) were significantly lower compared to patients(40.72${\pm}$15.01 %; head=16.02${\pm}$7.69%, neck 13.89${\pm}$7.82%, tail=1O.58${\pm}$6.75%) under 30mm in sperm penetration distance. Also, both groups over 30mm and under 30mm in sperm penetration showed distance higher distribution of sperm with abnormal head than abnormal neck and tail. The morphological abnormalities of head did not show significant difference but abnormal neck and tail were significant difference between the over 30mm and under 30mm group in sperm penetration distance.