• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1987년도 식물생명공학 심포지움 논문집 Proceedings of Symposia on Plant Biotechnology
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• pp.157-167
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• 1987

The have been many reports that phenoloxidase are correlated with development in many fungi. C. congregatus, one of nushroom-forming basidiomycetes, which requires light for its development also has phenoloxidases. In C. congragatus, there are two sets of membrane-associated phenoloxidase (PHO I and PHO II) which are differentiated by their isozyme patterns, and each enzyme set consists of two different subtrate specific enzyme protein; o-tolidine reacting enzyme, and DOPA reacting enzyme. PHO I which is localized by a protoplast-concanavalin A technique by using a new solidifying agent, Pluronic Polyol F 127, instead of agar appears in the vegetative hyphae, and PHO II appears at the early primordial stage on agar and at the sclerotial stage of liquid shake cultures. Inhibition of PHO I with the enzyme inhibitors inhibits mushroom formation as well as melanization of the vegetative hyphae at concentrations which do not inhibit the vegetative growth. PHO I deficient mutants do not form mushrooms or melanins, and the mutants show abnormal nuclear migration patterns. PHO II has roles; possibly cementing the adjacent hyphae during the actual three dimensonal structure formation, and melanizing mushrooms and sclerotia. The possible roles of PHO I in the light reception complex and in melanin formation, the function of malanin, and possible roles of postulated post translational modifying enzymes which regulate the phenoloxidases, nuclear migration pattern, and self-nonself recognition mechanism are discussed.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2018

Historically, Eagle syndrome is a term that has been used to describe radiating pain in the orofacial region, foreign body sensation, and/or dysphagia due to a unilateral or bilateral elongated styloid process impinging upon the tonsillar region. Because elongated styloid processes-with or without associated Eagle syndrome-can present with various symptoms and radiographic findings, it can be challenging for healthcare practitioners to formulate an accurate diagnosis. Abnormal styloid anatomy can lead to a multitude of symptoms, including chronic orofacial/neck pain, thus masquerading as more commonly diagnosed conditions. In this report, we describe a patient who presented to our department with styloid process elongation and fracture. A careful history, physical examination, and a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) investigation led to the diagnosis. The patient was then referred for appropriate care. This case report demonstrates the utilization of CBCT in differentiating a fracture site from a pseudo-joint that might mimic a fracture.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1236-1240
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• 1997

상백피를 75% 에탄올로 추출하여 얻은 조 추출물을 다시 용매별로 순차 분획 후 Listeria monocytogenes 5균주에 대하여 증식저해 효과를 비교한 후 항균활성 물질을 확인하였다. 활성이 있는 획분을 1차 및 2차 column chromatography를 통하여 활성 물질을 순수 분리하여 활성 물질 획분(F-5')을 얻었고 이 획분을 tryptic soy broth에 100 및 300 ppm을 첨가하여 Listeria monocytogenes를 증식시킨 결과 배양시간에 따라 뚜렷한 균수의 감소가 관찰되어 높은 살균효과가 인정되었으며 처리된 균체의 세포적의 비정상적인 형태가 전자현미경을 통하여 관찰되었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.8
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• pp.256-256
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• 2007

As a candidate for lead-free piezoelectric materials, dense ($(Na_{0.47}K_{0.47}Li_{0.06})NbO_3$ (LNKN6) ceramics were developed by conventional sintering process. Sintering temperature was lowered by adding $Li_2O$ as a sintering aid. Abnormal grain growth in the LNKN6 ceramics was observed with varying $Li_2O$ content. The electrical properties of LNKN6 ceramics were investigated as a function of $Li_2O$ concentration. When the sample sintered at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 4h with the addition of 1 mol% $Li_2O$, electromechanical coupling factor ($k_p$) and piezoelectric coefficient ($d_{33}$) of LNKN6 ceramics were found to reach the highest values of 0.40 and 184 pC/N, respectively.

• Mycobiology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2017

The ability of Bacillus subtilis, strain ALICA to produce three mycolytic enzymes (chitinase, ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase, and protease), was carried out by the chemical standard methods. Bacillus subtilis ALICA was screened based on their antifungal activity in dual plate assay and cell-free culture filtrate (25%) against five different phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata, Macrophomina sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea, and Sclerotium rolfesii. The B. subtilis ALICA detected positive for chitinase, ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase and protease enzymes. Fungal growth inhibition by both strain ALICA and its cell-free culture filtrate ranged from 51.36% to 86.3% and 38.43% to 68.6%, respectively. Moreover, hyphal morphological changes like damage, broken, swelling, distortions abnormal morphology were observed. Genes expression of protease, ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase, and lipopeptides (subtilosin and subtilisin) were confirmed their presence in the supernatant of strain ALICA. Our findings indicated that strain ALICA provided a broad spectrum of antifungal activities against various phytopathogenic fungi and may be a potential effective alternative to chemical fungicides.

• 한국인구학
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.116-135
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• 1994

China's population and family planning program has heen successful. Women's fertility as measured by total fertility rate (TFR) has declined from 5.8 in 1970 to 2.3 in 1990, accordingly the annual crude birth rate(CBR) has declined from 34 per thousand in 1970 to 21 per thousand in 1989, and the annual natural growth rate from 2.6 percent in 1970 to 1.4 percent in 1989 (Coale and Chen, 1987; SSB, 1991; Gu, 1994). While this is indeed an astonishing achievement for a developing country to have its fertility down to replacement within a short period, some new issues emerging along with the rapid fertility decline require careful considerations. One of them is the uprising of the sex ratio at birth in China. The 1990 population census reported the sex ratio at birth in China of 113.8 in 1989, which is ohviously much higher than the acceptable level of normal ratio around 106. It has received since then a lot of tention in China and abroad, among demographic professionals and governmental agencies alike (Hull, 1990; Johansson and Nygren, 1991; Xuand Guo, 1991; Tu, 1993; Gu and Xu, 1994; among others). Based on the available demographic data and research results this paper will first have a review of the patterns and trends of sex ratio at birth in China, then turn to the immediate causes of abnormal sex ratio at birth and the determinants of the son preference, followed with a conceptual framework for understanding of the phenomenon, and finally the policy implications and recommendations will be discussed.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.53-56
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• 1994

This study was aimed at finding out the effect of herbicide quinclorac (3, 7-dichloro-8- quinoline carbxylic acid) on tobacco culture in paddy soil. Herbicides quinclorac(Pozol, Pulta and Tomata) was randomly applied to subdivided paddy soil in Sep. 1992, and tobacco seedlings were transplanted to the field when seedling averaged 2cm in height in April 1993. Experiment plots were divided into non - treatment, standard(3kg/10a) and two times(6kg/10a) in amounts for each three herbicides. The symptoms of damage from herbicide were sighted when the plants had developed 8-9 leaves at 30 day after transplanting in standard amount plots, and when the plants had developed 4-5 leaves at 20 days after transplanting in two times treatments. The new leaves from damaged plants were bended out, and leaf color changed from green to dark - green, and then gradually advanced to abnormal narrow leaves. Standard treatments of herbicides showed a decrease of 18% in price per kg, 18% in yield and 33% in value per 10a than those of non - treatment, while two times treatments showed a decrease of 33%, 29%, 52% compared with non - treatment, respectively.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.61-64
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• 2017

A 5-year-old, 6.2 kg male mixed dog was presented to local animal hospital with a 6-month history of swelling, pain, inflammation, and lameness in the 5th digit of right hind limb. And a 7-year-old, 2.7 kg male Maltese dog was also presented to animal hospital with a 2-month history of nail deformities in the 5th digit of left hind limb. Abnormal growth or degeneration of the distal phalanges was observed at the 5th digit of hind limb in two dogs using radiographic examination. The masses in the digit were excised completely under local anesthesia. On histological examination of the digit masses, large well-circumscribed, unencapsulated round or irregular cystic neoplasms with/without inflammation were occupied in or adjacent area of the distal phalanx. These cysts were lined by stratified squamous epithelium that occasionally had a prominent granular cell layer. Based on the history, clinical signs, radiographic, gross and histopathologic features, these cases were diagnosed as nailbed epithelial inclusion cysts in the digit of dogs.

• 생약학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 1975

Attempts were made to determine the characteristics of the morphology of Codonopsis lanceolata $T_{RAUT's}$ root. Its saponin and crude powder were examined by foaming and hemolytic tests and by observing transverse sections: 1) The cork-layer was consisted of multiple cells, and some of the cork cells contained monoclinic prism crystals of calcium oxalates. 2) The vascular bundle was formed of radial arrangement by the preminentic bursting pith and the irregular cambium ring with the abnormal growth. 3) The latex vessel and latex of the cortex were brown-gray or yellowish-brown. The latex vessel and sieve tube were consisted of the independent aggregates which had a number of layers. It had much more independent aggregates than Platycodi Radix. 4) The xylem was less than the phloem portion. The thick-walled vessels which had one to five lines ware more distributed than in Platycodi Radix. 5) The inulin distribution on a piece of section which is dipped in alcohol was observed through out the tissues, but starch grain was not found in it. 6) The duration time of foaming reaction of the crude powder in test tubes was shorter than that of Platycodi Radix. Foaming index of the foaming test of five percent decoctions was 3.33, 7) In the hemolytic test which used 10 percent decoction and one percent saponin solution, hemolytic action was very weak.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권5호
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• pp.585-590
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• 2006

In vitro-grown axillary shot-tip meristems of Lycium chinense Mill. from cold-acclimated plant were successfully cryopreserved using a vitrification technique. After loading for 15 minutes with a mixture of 2.0 M glycerol and 0.4 M sucrose ($20^{\circ}C$), small segments (1-2 mm, 3-4 mm, and 5-6 mm) were cut from axilary buds and exposed to the cryoprotectant solution containing 30% glycerol, 15% ethylen glycol,15% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 0.4 M sucrose at $0^{\circ}C$ for 30-120 minutes prior to direct plunge into liquid nitrogen (LN). After rapid thawing ($40^{\circ}C$), the segments were washed with MS medium containing 1.2 M sucrose for 0-35 minutes, and then transferred onto recovery-growth medium. The highest survival rate (about 90%) was obtained with cold-hardening treatment, and cryopreserved explants were successfully recovered to plantlets. No abnormal morphological changes were observed with the recovered plants after cryopreservation.