• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.302-312
• /
• 2002

This descriptive exploratory study was conducted to analyze the results of developmental screening test using DDST and the follow-up diagnostic evaluation in one public health center, and to evaluate the feasibility of developmental screening in nursing. Samples were 373 children under 6 years who visited the public health center. Mothers' satisfaction on the developmental clinic was also determined. Summaries of the results were as follows:v 1. 0.5% of children in height and 1.9% of children in weight were included in below 3 percentile of Korean children's growth chart, but none of them showed developmental delay. 2. The results of DDST showed 92.1% of subjects were classified as normal, 3.7% as abnormal, and 4.2% as questionable among 354 children. 3. Most of children who showed the abnormal development at the first DDST were confirmed having the developmental delay at the follow-up diagnostic evaluation. On the other hand, most of children who showed the questionable development at the first DDST revealed having the normal development in follow-up screening test. 4. The result of the DDST was influenced by the birth order of the subject and delivery type. 5.The mean satisfaction score by mothers on developmental clinic was 4.35 in 5 Likert scale. In conclusion, we could certain the feasibility and usefulness of developmental screening in community and child care nursing. To fulfil the increasing needs of mothers with infants on the child development, nurses have to provide anticipatory guidance and parent education in addition to the developmental screening test. We hope to expand the developmental screening in nursing field not only of clinical setting but also of community.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to discuss the diagnostic classification of the traditional medicine for pilosis, and the hair removal treatments in traditional medicine and its clinical application. Backgrounds : In recent years, appearance and beauty have become main interest that have positioned in the medical area. In clinical Korean medicine, a variety of methods such as moxibustion, superficial bleeding, multiple microneedling, facial meridian massage, herbal medicine facial pack, laser acupuncture, and intense pulsed light (IPL) have been applied. Methods and Results : Pilosis, a condition of abnormal hair growth, is stated for the first time in the publication, [Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All Diseases] by Chao Yuan-fang in 610 A.D. It shows that pilosis has been recognised as a disease for ages in Asia. Reviewing several publications, we found multiple approaches to pilosis were already existed in korean medicine. They include internal medicinal classification and its' medications. Acupuncture treatments also focused on regulation of radical causes and superficial removal of abnormal hairs. Specific treatments includes body and ear acupuncture, ear acupressure, hypodermic acupuncture, hypodermic acupuncture injection, laser acupuncture treatment. Physical and chemical methods of hair removal were widely invented. we resulted that significant scientific approaches to pilosis are under way in the korean medical field, and found a variety of medical treatments such as herbal medicines and dermatological methods. Conclusions : Hair removal treatments for pilosis in traditional medicine has a long history. Combined with advanced modern technology it can achieve greater advance in cosmetology.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.437-445
• /
• 2021

Tilletia laevis Kuhn (syn. Tilletia foetida (Wallr.) Liro.) causes wheat common bunt, which is one of the most devastating plant diseases in the world. Common bunt can result in a reduction of 80% or even a total loss of wheat production. In this study, the characteristics of T. laevis infection in compatible wheat plants were defined based on the combination of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. We found T. laevis could lead to the abnormal growth of wheat tissues and cells, such as leakage of chloroplasts, deformities, disordered arrangements of mesophyll cells and also thickening of the cell wall of mesophyll cells in leaf tissue. What's more, T. laevis teliospores were found in the roots, stems, flag leaves, and glumes of infected wheat plants instead of just in the ovaries, as previously reported. The abnormal characteristics caused by T. laevis may be used for early detection of this pathogen instead of molecular markers in addition to providing theoretical insights into T. laevis and wheat interactions for breeding of common bunt resistance.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 2021

Agrovoltaic system is a concept that combines agriculture and photovoltaic (PV) system by applying a PV system to the upper part of farmland. In this study, we developed a folding drive system for an agrophotovoltaic (agroPV) module (150 Wp/4×9 cell) exclusively for pear farming with 10 kW capacity. The system was installed in 2018, and the growth characteristics and quantity of pears under the agroPV folding system have been investigated for 2 years. We found that thare is no differences of the characteristics of pears grown under the agroPV system compared to the pears grown without the system (control) except the percutaneous color L of pear. However, the weight and sugar content of the pear grown under the agroPV system were decreased by 4.5% and 1.3°Bx compared to that of the control, respectively. We assume that this is mainly due to the influenced of the delay in flowering as upper PV module block some of sunlight. However, interestingly, when we deleyed the pear harvesting by 2 weeks, the weight of pears increased by 8.5% and they became nearly the sample as the control pears harvested 2 week earlier. In addition, we also found that the agroPV modules decrease the fall rate of pear when the typoon struck, also it mitigates cold damage by 38% during April by protecting from frost. In conclusion, it can be said that the agroPV system help to protect target crops from the environmental conditions and the quality of the crops are similar to the that of control.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.113-118
• /
• 2023

Maintenance of semiconductor equipment processes is crucial for the continuous growth of the semiconductor market. The process must always be upheld in optimal condition to ensure a smooth supply of numerous parts. Additionally, it is imperative to monitor the status of the robots that play a central role in the process. Just as many senses of organs judge a person's body condition, robots also have numerous sensors that play a role, and like human joints, they can detect the condition first in the joints, which are the driving parts of the robot. Therefore, a normal state test bed and an abnormal state test bed using an aging reducer were constructed by simulating the joint, which is the driving part of the robot. Various sensors such as vibration, torque, encoder, and temperature were attached to accurately diagnose the robot's failure, and the test bed was built with an integrated system to collect and control data simultaneously in real-time. After configuring the user screen and building a database based on the collected data, the characteristic values of normal and abnormal data were analyzed, and machine learning was performed using the KNN (K-Nearest Neighbors) machine learning algorithm. This approach yielded an impressive 94% accuracy in failure diagnosis, underscoring the reliability of both the test bed and the data it produced.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.69-86
• /
• 1969

On the growing of the interspecific hybrid ginseng plant, the phenomena of hybrid vigoures are observed in the root, stem, and leaf, but it can not produce seeds favorably since the ovary is abortive in most cases in interspecific hybrid plants. The present investigation was undertaken in an attempt to elucidate the embryological dses of the seed failure in the interspecific hybrid of ginseng (Panax Ginseng ${\times}$ P. Quinque folium). And the results obtained may be summarized as follows. 1). The vegetative growth of the interspecific hybrid ginseng plant is normal or rather vigorous, but the generative growth is extremely obstructed. 2). Even though the generative growth is interrupted the normal development of ovary tissue of flower can be shown until the stage prior to meiosis. 3). The division of the male gameto-genetic cell and the female gameto-genetic cell are exceedingly irregular and some of them are constricted prior to meiosis. 4). At meiosis in the microspore mother cell of the interspecific hybrid, abnormal division is observed in that the univalent chromosome and chromosome bridge occure. And in most cases, metaphasic configuration is principally presented as 23 II+2I, though rarely 22II+4I is also found. 5). Through the process of microspore and pollen formation of F1, the various developmental phases occur even in an anther loclus. 6). Macro, micro and empty pollen grains occur and the functional pollen is very rare. 7). After the megaspore mother cell stage, the rate of ovule development is, on the whole, delayed but the ovary wall enlargement is nearly normal. 8). Degenerating phenomena of ovules occur from the megaspore mother cell stage to 8-nucleate embryo sac stage, and their beginning time of constricting shape is variously different. 9). The megaspore arrangement in the parent is principally of the linear type, though rarely the intermediate type is also observed, whereas various types, viz, linear, intermediate, Tshape, and I shape can be observed in hybrid. 10). After meiosis, three or five megaspore are some times counted. 11). Charazal end megaspore is generally functional in the parents, whereas, in F1, very rarely one of the center megaspores (the second of the third megaspore) grows as an embryo sac mother cell. 12). In accordance with the extent of irregularity or abnormality in meiosis, division of embryo sac nuclei and embryo sac formation cause more nucellus tissue to remain within th, embryo sac. 13). Even if one reached the stage of embryo sac formation, the embryo sac nuclei are always precarious and they can not be disposed to theil proper, respective position. 14). Within the embryo sac, which is lacking the endospermcell, the 4-celled proembryo, linear arrangement, is observed. 15). Through the above respects, the cause of sterile or seed failure of interspecific hybrid would be presumably as follows, By interspecific crossing gene reassortments takes place and the gene system influences the metabolism by the interference of certain enzyme as media. In the F1 plant, the quantity and quality of chemicals produced by the enzyme system and reaction system are entirely different from the case of the parents. Generally, in order to grow, form, and develop naw parts it is necessary to change the materials and energy with reasonable balance, whereas in the F1 plant the metabolic process becomes abnormal or irregular because of the breakdown of the balancing. Thus the changing of the gene-reaction system causes the alteration of the environmental condition of the gameto-genetic cells in the anther and ovule; the produced chemicals cause changes of oxidatio-reduction potential, PH value, protein denaturation and the polarity, etc. Then, the abnormal tissue growing in the ovule and emdryo sac, inhibition of normal development and storage of some chemicals, especially inhibitor, finally lead to sterility or seed failure. Inconclusion, we may presume that the first cause of sterile or seed abortion in interspecific hybrids is the gene reassortment, and the second is the irregularity of the metabolic system, storage of chemicals, especially inhibitor, the growth of abnormal tissue and the change of the polarity etc, and they finally lead to sexual defect, sterility and seed failure.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.33 no.5 s.112
• /
• pp.69-82
• /
• 2005

These studies were carried out (1) to investigate the growth characteristics of Sedum album L. in the field, (2) to propose a suitable shallow peen roof system for this plant, and (3) to evaluate plant growth in the proposed system over the long term. The growth characteristics, such as morphological properties, growth habit, shade tolerance, and flowering, were surveyed. In experimental shallow green-roof systems, the effects of drainage type, substrate type, and soil depth on plant growth were investigated. Then drought tolerance was investigated. After planting Sedum album L. in the proposed system survival rate, cover, and resistance to insects, heal and cold were evaluated for about 2 years. The results of these studies are summarized below. 1. In the field, the aboveground part of Sedum album L. did not die back during the winter. Plant height was 4$\sim$7 cm. Roots were distributed to a depth of 5$\sim$7 cm. Sedum album L. is a compact ground-cover plant that spreads vigorously. Shading condition of less than $30\%$ of full sunlight didn't cause any trouble, but shading conditions above $87\%$ made the shape of the shoots and leaves abnormal. The plant bloomed from June to August and had a rather large compound umbel of white, star-shaped flowers. 2. Two systems, a drainage-blend-10 cm soil depth and a reservoir$\cdot$drainage-blend-15 cm soil depth, performed best in terms of cover, fresh weight, and dry weight. The first has an advantage for green roofs because it is lighter than the latter. 3. In drainage-blend-10 m soil depth and modified reservoir · drainage-blend-10 cm soil depth system no plants died for about 4 months after stopping the irrigation. The visual quality of the latter system was above 5 for 4 months and that of the former was under 5 after 2 months. In the field, however, the drought tolerance of Sedum album L. grown in the former would be enough to withstand the dry season. Considering the urban ecosystem and the importance of healthy growth the modified reservoir $\cdot$ drainage-blend-10 cm soil depth system was finally recommended. This system was composed of a 4 cm thick drainage layer and drain outlets placed at a height of 2.5 cm. 4. In the proposed system, the survival rate was $100\%$, and there was no injury induced by insects and heat. The leaf density decreased a little in winter. Cover increased throughout the year. Sedum album L. was planted with a cover of 72$cm^{2}$ on 3 April 2003; on 16 June 2003 and 15 June 2004, cover was $132.66\pm$5.87 $cm^{2}$(1.8 times) and $886.98\pm$63.51 $cm^{2}$(12.3 times), respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.136-142
• /
• 2022

The crystal structure, grain growth behavior, and dielectric properties of BaTiO₃ have been studied with the addition of Dy₂O₃. The powders were synthesized at ratios of (100-x)BaTiO₃-xDy₂O₃ (mol%, x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0) by a conventional solid-state synthesis, and the powder compacts were sintered at 1250℃ for 2 hours in air. As the amount of added Dy₂O₃ was increased, the crystal structure of the sintered samples changed from a tetragonal to a pseudo-cubic structure, and the tetragonality decreased. In addition, a secondary phase of Ba₁₂Dy_4.67Ti₈O₃₅ appeared when Dy₂O₃ was added. The average grain size after sintering decreased and abnormal grains appeared as the amount of Dy₂O₃ increased. It can be explained that the grain growth behavior of the Dy₂O₃ added-BaTiO₃ occurs due to the two-dimensional nucleation and growth, and is governed by the interface reaction. Further, the correlation between crystal structure, microstructure, and dielectric properties was discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 2005

Under a typical Mediterranean environment in southern Australia, the evaporation rate increases significantly in hot summers, resulting in highly saline drinking water for grazing animals. Also in the cropping areas, dryland salinity is a problem. Grazing animals under these environments can ingest excessive amount of salt from feed, drinking water and soil, which can lead to a reduction in growth rate. To understand the impact of high salt intake on grazing deer, two experiments were conducted to assess the effect of salt levels in drinking water on feed intake and growth rate of red and fallow weaner deer. The results revealed that fallow deer did not show any abnormal behaviour or sickness when salt level in drinking water was increased from 0% to 2.5%. Feed intake was not affected until the salt content in water exceeded 1.5%. Body weight gain was not affected by 1.2% salt in drinking water, but was reduced as salt content in water increased. Compared with deer on fresh water, the feed intake of red deer on saline water was 11-13% lower when salt level in drinking water was 0.4-0.8%. An increase in salt level in water up to 1% resulted in about a 30% reduction in feed intake (p<0.01). Body weight gain was significantly (p=0.004) reduced when salt level reached 1.2%. The deer on 1% salt tended to have a higher (p=0.052) osmotic pressure in serum. The concentration of P, K, Mg and S in serum was affected when salt level in water was over 1.0%. The results suggested that the salt level in drinking water should be lower than 1.2% for fallow weaner deer and 0.8% for red weaner deer to avoid any reduction in feed intake. Deer farmers need to regularly test the salt levels in drinking water on their farms to ensure that the salt intake of grazing deer is not over the levels that deer can tolerate.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.234-239
• /
• 2002

The spinel was calcined at temperatures in the range of $1000^{\circ}C$ to $1300^{\circ}C$ with $100^{\circ}C$ interval to evaluate the effect of calcination temperature on mechanical properties of spinel-glass dental composites. Although the average particle size of spinel calcined at temperatures from $1000^{\circ}C$ to $1200^{\circ}C$ was within 2.8~3.0 $\mu\textrm{m}$, the spinel calcined at $1300^{\circ}C$ was 4.66 $\mu\textrm{m}$ due to abnormal grain growth. Shrinkage and pore size of the spinel preform decreased and increased, respectively, as calcination temperature increased, indicating that the calcination temperature was significant to the powder compaction and the densification of the composites as a result of particle size and distribution. The optimum strength and the fracture toughness of the composite calcined at $1200^{\circ}C$ were 284$\pm$40 MPa, 2.5$\pm$0.1 MPaㆍ$m^{1/2}$ respectively. Optical experimental results showed that transmittance of the spinel-glass composite in the visible region was twice higher than that of the alumina-glass composite, suggesting that the spinel-glass composites possessed better aesthetic properties for all-ceramic dental crown application.