• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.9 no.1_2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1994

Nerve conduction impairment in lead neuropathy has been empirically linked to altered nerve myo-inositol metabolism. In most cases of neuropathy, abnormal myo-inositol metabolism is associated with abnormal $Na^+/K^+$ATPase provides a potential mechanism to relate defects of the myo-inositol metabolism in the peripheral nerve treated with lead. Therefore, the effect of lead on the rat sciatic nerve $Na^+/K^+$ATPase and other ATPase of sciatic nerve was studied. ATPase activity was measured enzymatically in sciatic nerve homogenates from 2-wk lead treated neuropathy rats and age-mached controls administered myo-inositol. $Na^+/K^+$ATPase components were assessed by ouabain inhibition or the omission of sodium and potassium ions. Lead reduced 50% reduction in the $Na^+/K^+$ATPase activity in homogenates of sciatic nerve. The 50% reduction in the $Na^+/K^+$ ATPase activity was selectively prevented by myo-inositol treatment. This study suggests that the toxic mechanism of the lead on peripheral nerve may be through reduction in $Na^+/K^+$ATPase activity which has been linked to axonal transport slowing in the rat model of lead neuropathy, via direct changes by the perturbation of the intracelluar sodium or potasium level.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.573-583
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• 2014

Purpose: Cardiac arrest has multiple characteristics that need to be approached as an integrated method according to the various changes in the body system. This study was performed to develop a useful guideline for early detection of cardiac arrest by revealing the attributes of cardiac arrest through a concept analysis. Methods: This study was conducted according to the Walker and Avant's concept analysis method. Systematic literature review and in-depth interview with nurses who experienced cardiac arrest situation were conducted. Based on the literature reviews and in-depth interviews with nurses, the attributes and the empirical referents of the concept of cardiac arrest were elicited. Results: The definable attributes of cardiac arrest were 1) loss of consciousness, 2) abnormal respiratory condition, 3) abnormal cardiovascular signs. Cardiac arrest was found to occur by several antecedents such as cardiac problem, non-cardiac problem, or general problem, whereas ischemia and re-perfusion injury, which can lead to multiple organ failure and death, were derived as consequences. Conclusion: In this study, the concept analysis eliciting attributes and empirical referents is found to be useful as a guideline for understanding and managing cardiac arrest. Based on these findings, clinical providers are expected to make a precise and rapid decision on cardiac arrest and respond quickly, which may increase survival rate of the patients underwent the arrest event.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.339-349
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• 2009

An attempt has been made to assess whether the dose dependent effect of benzene extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves on the morphological changes in the cauda epididymal spermatozoa and sperm parameters in male albino rats. Scanning Electron Microscope observations illustrate the disturbance in plasma membrane as well as acrosomal membrane. Most of the sperms appear morphologically abnormal in the mid region of the tail; there is formation of balloon like cytoplasmic droplet. Sperm parametric study exhibits decrease in the total sperm count, sperm motility, forward velocity and increase in the percentage of abnormal sperms in dose dependent manner on treatment benzene extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves. The results suggest that the effects may have resulted from a general disturbance in the proteins and alteration in cauda epididymal milieu probably due to androgen deficiency consequent upon antiandrogenic property of Ocimum sanctum leaves.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 1980

This experiment was to study semen properties of Charolais for the a, pp.ication ot artificial insemination. The result obtained were summarized as follows: 1. In the preservation of liquid semen for 6 days, the survival rates of Charolais semen averaged 57.14% in skim milk solution and 58.17% in tris buffer solution. There were not differences. 2. Recovery of semen after thawing was vigorous in the semen that was diluted and frozen in 48 hrs. 3. The real rates of survival sperm for Charolais averaged 83% after living sperm was diluted and stained for 6 days. 4. Methylene blue reduction test diluted semen was fresh when it was diluted within 48 hrs. 5. If the diluted semen was preserved below 5$^{\circ}C$ in Charolais, the pH decreased by 0.2 in a day. 6. Diluted semen was more resistant to the cold shock than fresh semen. 7. In resistance against hot shock, sperm was almost dead in 20 minutes in 46.5$^{\circ}C$ in diluted semen, while it was dead in 30 minutes in 42.5$^{\circ}C$ in diluted semen. 8. In examination of morphological changes of sperm acrosome for 6 days, normal sperm in skim milk solution and tris buffer solution was 80% and 76.97% respectively, swelling sperm 12.8% and 15.27%, deficient sperm 0.6% and 0.97% abnormal staining 3.07% and 5.25%, immature sperm 0.28%, and 0.23%, whereas other abnormal sperm was 1.28% and 1.42%.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.63-66
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• 2011

It has been controversial whether upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) is a distinct syndrome or not since it was reported in 1993. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders classified UARS under obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in 2005. UARS can be diagnosed when the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is fewer than 5 events per hour, the simultaneously calculated respiratory disturbance index (RDI) is more than 5 events per hour due to abnormal non-apneic non-hypopneic respiratory events accompanying respiratory effort related arousals (RERAs), and oxygen saturation is greater than 92% at termination of an abnormal breathing event. Although esophageal pressure measurement remains the gold standard for detecting subtle breathing abnormality other than hypopnea and apnea, nasal pressure transducer has been most commonly used. RERAs include phase A2 of cyclical alternating patterns (CAPs) associated with EEG changes. Symptoms of OSAS can overlap with UARS, but chronic insomnia tends to be more common in UARS than in OSAS and clinical symptoms similar with functional somatic syndrome are also more common in UARS. In this journal, diagnostic and clinical differences between UARS and OSAS are reviewed.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.300-311
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• 2022

Purpose: Dysphagia, vomiting and feeding difficulties are common symptoms, with which children present. Esophageal function testing with high resolution manometry can help in diagnosing and treating these patients. We aim to access the clinical utility of high-resolution manometry of esophagus in symptomatic pediatric patients. Methods: A retrospective chart review was done on all symptomatic patients who underwent esophageal high-resolution manometry between 2010 and 2019 at Sydney Children's Hospital, Australia. Manometry results were categorized based on Chicago classification. Demographic data, indication of procedure, manometric findings, and details of treatment changes were obtained and analyzed. Results: There were 62 patients with median age of 10 years (9 months-18 years). The main indication for the procedure was dysphagia (56%). Thirty-two percent of patients had a co-morbid condition, with esophageal atresia accounting for 16%. The majority (77%) of patients had abnormal manometry which included, ineffective esophageal motility in 45.2%. In esophageal atresia cohort, esophageal pressurization was seen in 50%, aperistalsis in 40% and 10% with prior fundoplication had esophago-gastric junction obstruction. Patients with esophago-gastric junction obstruction or achalasia were treated by either pneumatic dilation or Heller's myotomy. Patients with ineffective esophageal motility and rumination were treated with a trial of prokinetics/dietary texture modification and diaphragmatic breathing. Conclusion: Esophageal high-resolution manometry has a role in the evaluation of symptomatic pediatric patients. The majority of our patients had abnormal results which led to change in treatments, with either medication, surgery and/or feeding modification with resultant improvement in symptoms.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.147-147
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• 2021

A partition of water distribution network (WDN) into district metered areas (DMAs) brings the efficiency and efficacy for water network operation and management (O&M), especially in monitoring pressure and leakage. Traditionally, the DMA configurations (i.e., number, shape, and size of DMAs) are permanent and cannot be changed occasionally. This leads to changes in water quality and reduced network redundancy lowering network resilience against abnormal conditions such as water demand variability and mechanical failures. This study proposes a framework to automatically divide a WDN into dynamic DMA configurations, in which the DMA layouts can self-adapt in response to abnormal scenarios. To that aim, a complex graph theory is adopted to sectorize a WDN into multiscale DMA layouts. Then, different failure-based scenarios are investigated on the existing DMA layouts. Here, an optimization-based model is proposed to convert existing DMA layouts into dynamic layouts by considering existing valves and possibly placing new valves. The objective is to minimize the alteration of flow paths (i.e., flow direction and velocity in the pipes) while preserving the hydraulic performance of the network. The proposed method is tested on a real complex WDN for demonstration and validation of the approach.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.399-413
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• 2023

Recently, monitoring and detecting anomalies in social networks have become an interesting research topic. In this study, we investigate the detection of abnormal changes in a network modeled by the DCSBM (degree corrected stochastic block model), which reflects the propensity of both individuals and communities. To this end, we propose three methods for anomaly detection in the DCSBM networks: One method for monitoring the entire network, and two methods for dividing and monitoring the network in consideration of communities. To compare these anomaly detection methods, we design and perform simulations. The simulation results show that the method for monitoring networks divided by communities has good performance.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2024

This study investigates the effect of the microstructure of Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃ (LATP), a solid electrolyte, on its ionic conductivity. Solid electrolytes, a key component in electrochemical energy storage devices such as batteries, differ from traditional liquid electrolytes by utilizing solid-state ionic conductors. LATP, characterized by its NASICON structure, facilitates rapid lithium-ion movement and exhibits relatively high ionic conductivity, chemical stability, and good electrochemical compatibility. In this study, the microstructure and ionic conductivity of LATP specimens sintered at 850, 900, and 950℃ for various sintering times are analyzed. The results indicate that the changes in the microstructure due to sintering temperature and time significantly affect ionic conductivity. Notably, the specimens sintered at 900℃ for 30 min exhibit high ionic conductivity. This study presents a method to optimize the ionic conductivity of LATP. Additionally, it underscores the need for a deeper understanding of the Li-ion diffusion mechanism and quantitative microstructure analysis.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.11
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• pp.255-276
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• 1998

This study investigates whether listed companies change accounting methods primarily to smooth reported earnings and income taxes, and how the informations of accounting changes affect stock prices. The information of accounting changes includes tax savings, income smoothing, and tax smoothing. The results show that accounting changes are used as an income or tax smoothing instrument(device) in the listed companies which changed their accounting methods from 1991 to 1996. Also, those have a tendency to smooth income and tax simultaneously by accounting changes. Tax savings, income smoothing, and tax smoothing variables by accounting changes are irrelevant to stock prices. Income smoothing variable has a positive association with stock returns in the periods that the abnormal returns cumulated over four months. But tax smoothing variable has a negative association with stock returns in the same periods. More studies on the firms' accounting changes are needed to get a definitive conclusion.