• ETRI Journal
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.480-492
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• 2017

A holographic display based on a viewing window enables the converging of a reconstruction wave into a viewing window by means of an optical system. Accordingly, a user can observe a reconstructed hologram image, even with a small diffraction angle. It is very difficult to manufacture an optical system with no aberrations; thus, it is inevitable that a certain amount of wave aberrations will exist. A viewing-window-based holographic display, therefore, always includes distortions in an image reconstructed from a hologram pattern. Compensating the distortions of a reconstructed image is a very important technical issue because it can dramatically improve the performance when reconstructing a digital three-dimensional content image from a hologram pattern. We therefore propose a method for suppressing image distortion by measuring and compensating the wave aberration calculated from a Zernike polynomial, which can represent arbitrary wave aberrations. Through our experimental configuration using only numerical calculations, our proposed method decreased the reconstructed image distortion by more than 28%.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 1998

Fluorscence in situ hybridization with chromosome-specific probe has been shown to be a valid and rapid method for detection of chromosome rearrangements induced by chemical and physical agents. This method is useful for quantifying structural aberrations, expecially for stable ones, such as translocation and insertion, which are difficult to detect with conventional method in human lymphocyte. In order to use the FISH method as a biodosimeter for monitoring human population exposed to various chemical and physical agent, baseline level of chromosome rearragement was established. Blood from forty four healthy adults were collected and analysed with whole chromosome-specific probes by human chromosome 1,2 and 4. The frequencies of stable translocation were 2.45 per 100 cell equivalent and those of insertion, color juction, acentric and dicentric were 0.32, 3.28, 0.23 and 0.27 per 100 cell equivalent respectively. The frequencies of chromosome rearragements increased with age in both sexes except for dicenrics. From above result, stable aberrations accumulate with age and it may reflect integrated lifetime exposure of adverse environment.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 1998

-4-Quinolone antibiotics (pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfoxacin, ofloxacin and enoxacin) were tested for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538 and TA102, for chromosomal aberrations in cultured Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells, and for wing somatic mutations and recombinations (wing spot) in Drosophila. Five 4-quinolones did not show any mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538. However, they were mutagenic inSalmonella typhimurium TA102 with and without metabolic activation in both plate incorporation method and preincubation method. Ciprofloxacin induced structural chromosome aberrations in CHL cells both with and without metabolic activation, and the frequencies were 6% and up to 28%, respectively. Pefloxacin showed equivocal evidence, however, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and enoxacin did not induce the structural chromosome aberrations both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. In the wing spot assay in Drosophila, ofloxacin increased the frequency of small single spots significantly in a dose-dependent manner but there was no dose-dependent increase of single or twin spots in the others.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.206-212
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• 2009

This study presents the compact zoom lens with a zoom ratio of 5x for a mobile camera by using a prism. The lens modules and aberrations are applied to the initial design for a four-group inner-focus zoom system. An initial design with a focal length range of 4.4 to 22.0 mm is derived by assigning the first-order quantities and third-order aberrations to each module along with the constraints required for optimum solutions. We separately designed a real lens for each group and then combined them to establish an actual zoom system. The combination of the separately designed groups results in a system that satisfies the basic properties of the zoom system consisting of the original lens modules. In order to have a slim system, we directly inserted the right-angle prism in front of the first group. This configuration resulted in a more compact zoom system with a depth of 8 mm. The finally designed zoom lens has an f-number of 3.5 to 4.5 and is expected to fulfill the requirements for a slim mobile zoom camera having high zoom ratio of 5x.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.373-380
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• 1993

축소배율(M=+1/5)을 갖는 극자외선(deep ultra-violet) 리소그라피용 5-반사광학계를 설계하였다. 먼저 모든 3차 수차와 5차 구면수차를 영으로 하는 수치적인 해를 구면에 대해서 구하였다. 다음 비교적 크게 나타나는 잔류 수차(구면수차, 코마)의 제거를 위하여 마지막 두 반사경에 대하여 비구면화를 optimization방법에 의해 이행하였다. 이렇게 하여 얻은 광학계는 광원을 KrF 엑시머 레이저(파장 $0.248{\mu}m$)로 하는 nearly incoherent illumination(${\sigma}$=1)인 경우, NA는 0.45, 분해능은 50% MTF 기준치에서 depth of focus $1.0{\mu}m$에 대해 약 500 cycles/mm의 성능을 갖는 시스템이 되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.161-174
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• 1986

A chromosomal study was performed in a total of 162 urological patients during past 2$2{\frac{1}{2}}$ years (Feb. 1984 - Aug. 1986). Of these 78(48%) patients had abnormal chromosome complements. Among all patients with chromosome abnormalities, 88% (69/78) had aberrations of chromosome number, 8% (6/78) had aberrations of chromosome structure and 4% (3/78) had aberrations of both. 90% (65/72) of numerical abnormality was Klinefelter's syndrome and the structural abnormality rate (5.6%, 9/162) was less than that (6.99%) of general population. The chromosomal study was mandatory for the detection of intersex in small testes or hypospadias with cryptorchism or clitoromegaly or bilateral cryptorchism. But unilateral cryptochism or hypospadias with normal scrotal testes was not thought to be indication of the chromosomal study if the external genitalia are otherwise quite normal.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 1976

染色體의 構造的인 異常에 미치는 Methyl methanesulfonata (MMS)와 thymidine 相似體 (BUdR, IUdR)의 영향을 究明하기 위해 사람의 白血球 培養細胞에 2.0mM의 BUdR 또는 IUdR을 24時間 前 처리하고 이어 농도를 달리한 MMS $(0.0\\sim 2.0 mM)$를 1時間 처리한 뒤 24時間째 染色體標本을 작성하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. MMS를 단독 처리한 對照區에서는 관찰된 染色體 異常型의 대부분이 예상외로 染色分體 異常型을 나타냈다. 2. BUdR 또는 IUdR의 단독처리도 染色體異常을 유발한다. 또한 MMS와 이중 처리한 경우에는 단독 처리보다 染色體異常型이 훨씬 증가한다. 따라서 thymidine 相似體는 MMS에 의한 染色體 異常型을 變化시켜주는 感受性物質로 作用함이 판명되었다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.163-171
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• 1981

CHO 세포를 재료로 ENU와 MNU를 여러농도로 처리한후 시간 경과에 따른 염색체 이상율을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. (1) ENU와 MNU에 의한 염색체 이상 빈도는 처리 후 시간의 경과와 농도에 따라 상이한 현상을 나타냈다. (2) ENU 처리군에서는 염색체 이상형은 염색분체 절단이 대부분이었으나 고농도군 ($10^-3 M$)에서는 처리 후 24시간에 염색분체 교환이 염색분체 절단을 능가하였다. (3) MNU 처리군에서는 염색체 이상형은 염색분체 절단이 대부분이었으나 $10^-4$ M 이상에서는 처리후 12시간부터 염색분체 교환이 염색분체 절단을 능가하였다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.252-259
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• 1993

극자외선 과장을 사용하는 micro-lithography를 위해 등배율을 갖는 4-반사경 holosymmetric system을 설계하였다. Holosymmetric system에서는 모든 차수의 코마와 왜곡수차가 영이 된다. 이 원리를 4-구명경계에 적용하여 등배율을 갖고 5개의 3차 수차가 모두 제거된 4-구면 반사경 holosymmetric system에 대해 유일한 해를 완전히 해석적인 표현으로 구하였다. 이 4-구면경계에 남아있는 고차 수차들을 보정하기 위해 holosymmetric 성질을 유지하면서 비구면을 채용하였고 그결과 개구수 0.33과 image field diameter 7.6mm 이내에서 극자외선 파장 $0.248{\mu}m$(KrF 엑시머 레이저 빔)에 대해 거의 회절한계의 수차성능을 갖는 비구면 4-반사경 holosymmetric system를 얻었다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.518-524
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• 2013

This study presents a new design method for a zoom lens, in which real lens groups are designed successively to combine to form a lens modules zoom system. The lens modules and aberrations are applied to the initial design for a four-group inner-focus zoom system. An initial design with a focal length range of 4.2 to 39.9 mm is derived by assigning the first-order quantities and third-order aberrations to each module along with the constraints required for optimum solutions. After obtaining the lens module zoom system, the real lens groups are successively, not separately, designed to get a zoom lens system. Compared to the separately designed real lens groups, this approach can give a better starting zoom lens and save time. The successively designed groups result in a zoom system that satisfies the basic properties of the zoom system consisting of the original lens modules. In order to have a slim system, we directly inserted the right-angle prism in front of the first group. This configuration resulted in a compact zoom system with a depth of 12 mm. The finally designed zoom lens has an f-number of 3.5 to 4.5 and is expected to fulfill the requirements for a mobile zoom camera having high zoom ratio of 10x.