• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1149-1161
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• 2023

Changes in the gut microbiome cause recolonization by pathogens and inflammatory responses, leading to the development of intestinal disorders. Probiotics administration has been proposed for many years to reverse the intestinal dysbiosis and to enhance intestinal health. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of two newly designed probiotic mixtures, Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome, on two enteric pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli that may cause intestinal disorders. Additionally, the study was designed to evaluate whether Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome could modulate the immune response, produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and reduce gas production. Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome showed superior adhesion ratios to HT-29 cells and competitively suppressed pathogen adhesion. Moreover, the probiotic mixtures decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β. Cell-free supernatants (CFSs) were used to investigate the inhibitory effects of metabolites on growth and biofilms of pathogens. Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome CFSs exhibited antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity, where microscopic analysis confirmed an increase in the number of dead cells and the structural disruption of pathogens. Gas chromatographic analysis of the CFSs revealed their ability to produce SCFAs, including acetic, propionic, and butyric acid. SCFA secretion by probiotics may demonstrate their potential activities against pathogens and gut inflammation. In terms of intestinal symptoms regarding abdominal bloating and discomfort, Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome also inhibited gas production. Thus, these two probiotic mixtures have great potential to be developed as dietary supplements to alleviate the intestinal disorders.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.839-846
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• 1987

The records of 10 patients with traumatic diaphragmatic hernia seen from November 1977 through July 1987 were reviewed. All the patients had a transdiaphragmatic evisceration of abdominal contents into the thorax. We treated 7 male and 3 female patients ranging in age from 3 to 62 years. In 8 patients, diaphragmatic hernia followed blunt trauma and in 2 patients, stab wounds to the chest. The herniation occurred on the right side in 3 patients and on the left side in 7. All the patients sustained additional injuries: rib fractures [7 patients], additional limb, pelvic and vertebral fractures [6], closed head injury [2], lung laceration [1], liver laceration [1], renal contusion [1], ureteral rupture [1], and splenic rupture [1]. Organs herniated through the diaphragmatic rent included the omentum [6 patients], stomach [4], liver [4], colon [3], small intestine [1], and spleen [1]. For right-sided injuries, the liver was herniated in all 3 patients and the colon, in 1. in the initial or latent phase, dyspnea, diminished breath sounds, bowel sounds in the chest were noted in 4 patients, and in the obstructive phase, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain were found in all 3 patients. Two patients had a diagnostic chest radiograph with findings of bowel gas patterns, and an additional 8 had abnormal but nondiagnostic studies. Hemothorax, pleural effusion or abnormal diaphragmatic contour were common abnormal findings. Three patients were operated on during the initial or acute phase [immediately after injury], 4 patients were operated on during the latent or intermediate phase [3 to 210 days], and 3 patients were operated on during the obstructive phase [10 to 290 days]. Six patients underwent thoracotomy, 2 required thoracoabdominal incision, and 2 had combined thoracotomy and laparotomy. Primary suture was used to repair the diaphragmatic hernia in 9 cases. One patient required plastic repair by a Teflon felt. Empyema was the main complication in 2 patients. In 1 patient, the empyema was treated by closed thoracostomy and in 1, by decortication and open drainage. There were no deaths.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.417-421
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• 2018

Carboxytherapy is very similar to mesotherapy in terms of methods, conditions it treats, and outcomes. An important difference consider, however, is that carboxytherapy administers carbon dioxide gas into the subcutaneous layer, just underneath the skin, whereas mesotherapy administers a cocktail of vitamins, minerals, and drugs and into the mesoderm of the skin. There have been many previous case reports of complications of mesotherapy such as hematoma, granulomatous panniculitis, cellulitis, and abscesses. However, complications of carboxytherapy have rarely been reported because the carbon dioxide gas is absorbed within a week and is infused into the subcutaneous and superficial layers. A 27-year-old woman who had twice undergone carboxytherapy to reduce abdominal fat (3 days and 2 weeks ago) at an oriental medical clinic visited the emergency department due to high fever, myalgia, severe back pain, and subcutaneous emphysema from the buttocks to the lower chest wall area. A computed tomography (CT) scan was performed for diagnosis and treatment. We immediately started broad spectrum antibiotics and consulted with the department of radiology, which could not rule out acute peritonitis due to needle injury. A radiologist confirmed abdominal myositis and needle puncture induced acute pyelonephritis. Pyelonephritis can even lead to septicemia, which can have fatal consequences. Therefore, if the patient has costovertebral or back pain after undergoing needle puncture or acupuncture therapy, the emergency physcians need careful initial evaluation for diagnosis and treatment.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 2013

Antral web is a rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction in neonate. It is a 2-4 mm thin mucous membrane that can be found anywhere from 1 to 7 cm proximal to the pylorus. The baby was born at gestational age of $32^{+1}$ weeks with 1,880 g as 2nd baby of dizygotic twin. After birth, the baby had constant non-bilious vomiting without feeding while he didn't show abdominal distension or discoloration. The infantogram showed distended stomach with distal small bowel gas. Upper gastrointestinal series revealed that the antrum was abruptly narrowed at 1 cm proximal to pylorus. We performed laparotomy at the 10th day after birth and excised the 2 mm-thick web circumferentially. He began milk feeding after 6 days and discharged uneventfully at postoperative 35 days with corrected age of $38^{+4}$ weeks with body weight 2,420 g. The antral web should be considered in the case of non-bilious vomiting in neonate.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2015

The changes in fatty acid composition of total intramuscular lipid and phospholipids were investigated in the longissimus dorsi, left-hind leg muscle, and abdominal muscle of male Ira rabbits. Changes were monitored at 35, 45, 60, 75, and 90 d. Analysis using gas chromatography identified 21 types of fatty acids. Results showed that the intramuscular lipid increased and the intramuscular phospholipids (total intramuscular lipid %) decreased in all muscles with increasing age (p<0.05). An abundant amount of unsaturated fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, was distributed in male Ira rabbits at different ages and muscles. Palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and arachidonic acid (C20:4) were the major fatty acids, which account to the dynamic changes of the n-6/n-3 value in Ira rabbit meat.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.489-493
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• 1994

Our patient was a 2.3 kg, male of 33 weeks gestation and spontaneous vaginal delivery. Copious salivary secretion, mild aspiration pneumonia episode due to tracheoesophageal fistula and intermittent cyanotic appearance due to hypoxia were noted shortly after birth. Head up position, frequent upper pouch suction, and adequate fluid and antibiotic therapy were done in incubator. Combined Chest and abdominal film was revealed gas in the stomach and an haziness in right chest with mediastinal shift to the right side. Esophagogram revealed markedly dilated proximal esophagus as blind pouch, and Two dimensional echocardiography showed the Ventricular Septal Defect. The conclusion was congenital esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula, Vogt-Gross type C, Waterston Risk Category B. Surgical correction with Beardmore anastomosis was performed extrapleurally through 3rd rib bed after the cannulation of umbilical vein and preliminary gastrostomy. The fistula was closed by triple ligation and the upper pouch was then brought down to the presenting surface of the lower esophageal segment that incised, and end to side anastomosis was underwent using interrupt suture placed through the full thickness of both upper pouch and lower esophageal segment. The postoperative patient was well tolerated and recovered uneventfully, permitted feeding on 7th postoperative day after esophagogram.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.26-29
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• 2018

A 6-month-old, female poodle presented with a three-month history of persistent regurgitation immediately after eating. On physical examination, the patient was emaciated and dehydrated. Thoracic radiography showed ventral displacement of the trachea and increased radiopacity in the mediastinum, cranial to the heart base. A severely dilated esophagus was identified cranial to the heart on esophagram. Computed tomography (CT) revealed the esophagus was filled with gas, fluid and a little of contrast and dilated from caudo-cervical to cranio-thoracic part. The esophageal diameter was markedly decreased at the heart base. In addition, the trachea was displaced to the left-ventral side of the right aortic trunk and an aberrant left subclavian artery originating from the aorta was identified. There was no evidence of abdominal vascular anomaly. Based on diagnostic imaging, persistent right aortic arch (PRAA) with an aberrant left subclavian artery was diagnosed. The patient did not undergo surgery and died at 15 days after diagnosis. This report describes imaging diagnosis, including CT and radiography in a weaned dog with regurgitation due to esophageal obstruction by PRAA. When PRAA is suspected and conventional radiography or contrast study is insufficient for diagnosis, CT may be helpful for diagnosing PRAA.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.949-966
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• 1996

To establish the method for the most effective radiography and fluoroscopy, the abdominal organs of cats were investigeted using omnidirectional angles with the center of the body as the axis using an omnidirectional protective shielding X-ray system and a $360^{\circ}$ rotary restraint unit for use in small animals. The organs examined were the diaphragm, liver, stomach, colon, spleen and kidney. The results obtained in the present study were as follows: 1. Regardless of gas in the stomach present or not, it was feasible to distinguish the left and right crura in the lumbar portion of diaphragm in the oblique projection inclined over $30^{\circ}$ and under $90^{\circ}$ from the lateral projection. 2. Outlines of the exterior left lobe and the interior right lobe of the liver were observed in the oblique image inclined up to $60^{\circ}$ from the lateral image, while that of the exterior right lobe was noted in the oblique image inclined up to $60^{\circ}$ from the ventrodorsal-dorsoventral images. 3. It was necessary to have gas present in the stomach for detailed morphological observations of the stomach. It was most clearly observed in the right $30^{\circ}$ ventral-left dorsal oblique projection($120^{\circ}$ image) and the left $60^{\circ}$ dorsal-right ventral oblique projection($300^{\circ}$ image). 4. Morphology of the colon was observable in detail by the oblique projection inclined over $30^{\circ}$ from the lateral projection. 5. To observe the whole spleen it was required to have images from the ventrodorsal projection ($90^{\circ}$ image) to the right $60^{\circ}$ ventral-left dorsal oblique projection ($150^{\circ}$ image) as well as those from the dorsoventral projection ($270^{\circ}$ image) to the left-right lateral projection $0^{\circ}$ image). 6. Dorsal and ventral sides of the kidney were observable in the oblique images inclined $30^{\circ}$ from the lateral image. 7. Considering above findings collectively, it was thought that the results of present study might be useful for the analysis of abnormalies in each organ of cat.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2011

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been utilized in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) patients with severe respiratory failure unresponsive to conventional medical treatment. We retrospectively reviewed 12 CDH patients who were treated using ECMO in our center between April 2008 and February 2011. The pre ECMO and on ECMO variables analyzed included gestational age, sex, birth weight, age at the time of ECMO cannulation, arterial blood gas analysis results, CDH location, timing of CDH repair operation, complications and survival. There were 9 boys and 3 girls. All patients were prenatally diagnosed. Mean gestational age was $38.8{\pm}1.7$ weeks and mean birth weight was $3031{\pm}499$ gram. Mean age at the time of ECMO cannulation was $29.9{\pm}28.9$ hours. There were 4 patients who survived. Survivors showed higher 5 min Apgar scores ($8.25{\pm}0.96$ vs. $7.00{\pm}1.20$, p=0.109), higher pre ECMO mean pH ($7.258 {\pm}0.830$ vs. $7.159{\pm}0.986$, p=0.073) and lower pre ECMO $PaCO_2$ ($48.2{\pm}7.9$ vs. $64.8{\pm}16.1$, p=0.109) without statistical significance. The hernia was located on the left side in 10 patients and the right side in 2 patients. The time interval from ECMO placement to operative repair was about 3~4 days in 5 early cases and around 24 in the remaining cases. There were 3 cases of post operative bleeding requiring re operation and 2 cases of abdominal compartment syndrome requiring abdominal fascia reopening. ECMO catheter reposition was required in 4 cases. Three cases of arterial or venous thrombosis were detected and improved with follow up. Our data suggests that ECMO therapy could save the lives of some neonates with CDH who can not be maintained on other treatment modalities. Protocolized management and accumulation of case experience might be valuable in improving outcomes for neonates with CDH treated with ECMO.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2017

Heart contraction is essential for insect hemolymph circulation, in which various physiological changes need control of the heart contraction. Thus, interruption of heartbeats intimidate insect survival. Chlorine dioxide induces release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which has been regarded as the main insecticidal agent. This study analyzed the effect of chlorine dioxide on heartbeats of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella. The larvae have the dorsal vessel on the medial dorsal region in a form of an extending tube from the first thorax to 10th abdominal segment. Dorsal vessel contraction was noticeable between 3rd and 10th abdominal segments, where five heart chambers were observed. Average heartbeat rate was 118.6 beats per min at $25^{\circ}C$. However, the heartbeats varied with ambient temperature. Injection of chlorine dioxide to hemocoel suppressed the heartbeats in a dose-dependent manner. The suppressive effect of chlorine dioxide also increased with exposure time to gas form of the chemical at 100 ppm. However, vitamin E (an antioxidant against ROS) treatment significantly rescued the larvae treated with chlorine dioxide in the heart contraction activity. These results suggest that chlorine dioxide negatively influences on the heart contraction of P. interpunctella via its production of ROS.