• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2008

Cholethorax (bilious pleural effusion) is an extravasation of bile into the thoracic cavity via a pleurobiliary fistula (and also a bronchobiliary fistula). It is an extremely rare complication of thoraco-abdominal injuries. It can be caused by congenital anomaly and also by hepatobiliary trauma, severe infection or iatrogenic procedures. The definitive diagnosis is made with aspiration of bilious fluid from the pleural space during thoracentesis, by finding a fistulous tract during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or cholagioscopy, or with finding an abnormal pleural accumulation of radioisotope during hepatobiliary nuclear imaging. Its symptoms include coughing, fever, dyspnea and pleuritc chest pain. Herein we report on a case of cholethorax following performance of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) to remove incidentally discovered common bile duct (CBD) stones.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.516-522
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• 2007

Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications are important problems that prolong the length of the hospital stay and increase patient mortality. However, our knowledge of the postoperative factors that increase the risk of these complications is less than complete. Methods: We conducted a prospective study to determine the risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications. A total of 199 patients were referred to the Pulmonology Department for preoperative pulmonary evaluation. We reviewed the perioperative variables according to the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP). Postoperatively, we collected data on the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications and we evaluated the relationship between the perioperative variables and outcomes. Results: Twenty two patients (11%) had pulmonary complications; 6 had respiratory failure, 4 had pneumonia, 13 had pleural effusion and, 2 had atelectasis. Five variables were statistically significantly associated with pulmonary complications on the bivariate analyses. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that three of these variables were independently associated with an increased risk of pulmonary complications; a high cardiac risk index (OR 16.5, p=0.002), emergency surgery (OR 10.3, p=0.017), and thoracic/abdominal surgery (OR 3.8, p=0.047). Conclusion: The risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications are a high cardiac risk index, emergency surgery and thoracic/abdominal surgery.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 2012

This study was performed to evaluate the sensitivity of conventional film-screen radiography (CFSR) and direct digital radiography (DDR) for detection of various amounts of free peritoneal fluid. Ten adult male healthy beagles were used in this study. Radiographic examinations were performed in the right lateral and ventrodorsal positions. Fluid was injected in increments of 2.0 ml/kg of body weight up to 20.0 ml/kg of body weight. The images of CFSR and DDR were evaluated by two veterinary radiologists for evidence of abdominal fluid without knowledge of injected fluid volume. Data were evaluated by using the receiver operation curve (ROC) analysis and the area under the curve (AUC). There was no significant difference in detection of peritoneal fluid between DDR and CFSR in the ROC analysis. The accuracy of CFSR (0.805) was relatively higher than that of DDR (0.733), based on the ROC analysis and AUC. AUC of CFSR was higher in most injection doses. These results suggest that CFSR is more accurate than DDR for the detecting peritoneal fluid. Therefore, for situation in which digital radiographs are equivocal or small amount of fluid is suspected, other imaging modalities, such as ultrasonography would be helpful for determining the presence of fluids.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.600-604
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• 2010

A ten-year-old female mongrel dog was presented to Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University with the signs of anorexia, weakness, and hemoglobinuria. Patient had been diagnosed as dirofilariasis based on heartworm antigen test and treated with adulticide (melarsomine) at local hospital one day before admission. On laboratory examinations, there were hypochromic and microcytic regenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia, moderate neutrophilia, and increase ALT, AST, and ALP. Radiographic exam showed main pulmonary artery bulging, pulmonary infiltration and hypervascularity, reduced abdominal serosal detail and mild hepatomegaly. Abdominal ultrasonographic exam showed mild peritoneal effusion and large hyperechoic thrombi at trifurcation of the porta hepatica and the splenic vein. In addition, intraluminal low density area and intravascular filling defect were confirmed on contrast enhanced CT scanning at the same anatomic locations. Patient was treated with anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapy. On day 42 after treatment, complete resolution of thrombi was confirmed via ultrasonography and improvement of clinical signs was observed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5735-5739
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• 2012

Background: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an insidious tumor with poor prognosis, arising from mesothelial surfaces such as pleura, peritoneum and pericardium. We here aimed to evaluate the demographic, clinical, and radiological features of patients with MM followed in our center as well as their survival. Methods: The study included 228 patients (131 male, 97 female) who were followed up in our institution between 1993 and 2010 with the diagnosis of MM. Results: The mean age was 59.1 years in men and 58.7 years in women and the sex ratio was 1.4:1 in favor of males. Environmental asbestos exposure was present in 86% of the patients for a mean duration of $40{\pm}20$ years (range: 3-70). Pleural effusion and thoracic/abdominal pain were the most common presenting signs and symptoms (70.2% and 57.8%, respectively). One hundred-thirteen (66%) patients were treated with platinum-based combination chemotherapy (PBCT) plus supportive care (SC) and 67 (34%) patients received SC alone. The median follow-up time was 10.0 months. The median overall survival was significantly improved with PBCT plus SC compared to SC alone (11.4 vs. 5.1 months; p=0.005). The 6, 12, 18, and 24-month survival rates were significantly improved with PBCT plus SC compared to SC alone (72%, 43%, 19%, and 2% vs. 49%, 31%, 11%, and 1%). Conclusion: The survival of patients with MM improved in patients treated with PBCT. The survival advantage continued 12- and 24-month after the initial time of combination chemotherapy.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.60-79
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• 2020

Objectives: This review plans to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of oriental medicine for the treatment of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) through literature research and overview. Methods: Database searching was conducted to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on oriental medicine for the treatment of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome. Studies were searched from Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korean Medical Database, Korean studies Information Service System, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Cochrane library, PubMed and EmBase up to 21^st May, 2020. Results: Seventeen studies were finally selected. Fifteen studies intervened with oral Chinese herb medicine, two studies intervened with acupuncture and moxibustion. Nine studies concluded that intervention with oriental medicine significantly relieved OHSS symptoms. Three studies reporting ovary diameter, four studies reporting abdominal circumference and other four studies reporting pelvic effusion showed significant reduction compared to control groups. Six studies showed significantly shorter duration for hospitalization in intervention groups. Only one study showed significantly higher pregnancy rate. Factors related with vascular permeability and blood cell coagulation were significantly lowered in intervention groups in general. Conclusions: From seventeen studies, oriental medicine relieved OHSS symptoms and showed treatment effectiveness. Further strictly designed studies and long-term observed studies are needed to establish evidences.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2017

A five-year-old, male, Great Dane weighing 107 kg was presented with anorexia, abdominal distension, and dyspnea for 5 days. Physical examination, blood works, radiography, electrocardiography (ECG), and echocardiography were performed. Based on severely low fractional shortening (FS) and marked four chamber enlargement in echocardiography, continuous atrial fibrillation and occasional ventricular premature complex (VPC) on ECG, the dog was diagnosed as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) concurrent with congestive heart failure. Pleural effusion and ascites were modified transudate. In accordance with DCM scoring system recommended by European Society of Veterinary Cardiology (ESVC), DCM score was 13/15 in this case. Concentrations of cTnI and NT-pro-BNP were 1.0 ng/mL and 693 pmol/L, respectively. Since the former and the latter were remarkably high values, it was certain that the patient had grave prognosis. Intensive care was performed for the dog and the clinical signs as well as the radiographic abnormalities were resolved. However, when he presented serious dyspnea again at 25 days post therapy, the dog was dead. In case of canine DCM, the scoring system for the diagnosis and cardiac biomarkers including NT-pro-BNP and cTnI could be useful to advise owners on the status and prognosis of their dog with DCM.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.226-230
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• 1995

Effusions arising from acute pancreatitis are usually small, left sided and self limiting. The incidence of pleural effusions in acute pancreatitis is reported between 3% and 17%. In chronic pancreatitis, as a consequence of fistula and pancreatitic pseudocyst formation or by spontaneous rupture of a pancreatic psudocyst directly into thoracic cavity, extremely large effusions may be seen. When the underlying pacreatic disease is asymptomatic, the diagnosis is made by measuring the amylase content of the pleural fluid. We experience a case of left sided pleural effusions caused by pancreatico-pleural fistula associated with pancreatic pseudocyst. The diagnosis was made by measuring of pleural fluid amylase level(80000U/L). Abdominal CT scan revealed pancreatic pseudocyct and pancreatitis with extension to left pleural space through esophageal hiatus and extension to left subdiaphragmatic space. Left pleural effusions were decreased after fasting, total parenteral nutrition and percutaneous pleural fluid catheter drainage. We reported a case of pleural effusions and pacreatico-pleural fistula asssociated with asymptomatic pancreatic disease with review of literatures.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.262-266
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• 2011

A 4-year-old intact male, Maltese dog weighing 2.2 kg was presented for evaluation of tachypnea and hyperthermia. On initial evaluation, the dog was dyspneic, but alert and responsive. Muffled heart sound was noted with auscultation of the right hemithorax. The radiographic findings were consolidation of the right middle lung lobe, pleural effusion, and abdominal fluid accumulation. Thoracic computed tomography confirmed a contrast-enhancing mass within the right middle lung lobe. Surgical exploration of the thoracic cavity was performed using a right fifth intercostal thoracotomy. Examination of the right lung lobe revealed $360^{\circ}C$ torsion of the right middle lung lobe at the level of the hilus, in a clockwise direction. Lung lobectomy was performed using a thoracoabdominal stapling device with 2.5-mm vascular staples. Full-thickness intestinal biopsy by exploratory laparotomy was taken from the jejunum for histological assessment. Histopathologic examination of the full-thickness intestinal biopsy revealed distended lacteal located within the submucosa of the jejunum. Intestinal lymphangiectasia was resolved with prednisone and low fat diets. Subsequent communication with the owner revealed that the patient was in good health 6 months post-discharge.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.409-413
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• 1999

Malignant melanoma develops from the melanocyte and the most common primary site is skin, followed by mucosa and retina. Even though any other tissue where melanocytes reside could be the primary site of the malignant melanoma, the one developed in the mediastinum is rarely reported. We experienced a patients of 54 years old woman whose initial symptom was progressive dyspnea for one month, and proved to have the anterior mediastinal mass with pleural effusion and the small mass in the abdominal soft tissue. The needle aspiration biopsy from the mediastinal mass showed the consistent findings with malignant melanoma. We concluded the mediastinum was the primary site of the malignant melanoma of this patient because we couldn't find any other evidence of primary tumor in skin, oral and gastrointestinal mucosa, and retina. She has been treated with combined chemotherapy with dacarbazine, cisplatin and vinblastine. Her symptom was improved after chemotherapy and follow up chest CT after three cycles of chemotherapy showed the decreased tumor size in the mediastinum.