• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2002

Purpose Displaced lateral end fracture of clavicle and acromioclavicular dislocation type Ⅲ∼Ⅵ may be required surgical treatment. Material and Methods : From May 1998 to March 2001, we operated with Welter plate with minimal incision by one surgeon. Immediately, pendulum and passive exercise was initiated after surgery. The shoulder function was evaluated using UCLA score. Average follow up was on 28(12∼45) months. Results : All 11 patients were regained satisfactory function. Average UCLA score was 31.9(29~35) at last follow up. Conclusion . The merit of Welter plate fixation with minimal incision is simple technique, reduced surgical time, smaller scar than large plate, strong fixation, early exercise, reduced implant failure. The disadvantage is expensive, skin irritatatation by long hook. But Welter plate fixation with minimal incision is a good method of internal fixation and excellent clinical result in surgical treatment of type H displaced lateral end fracture of the clavicle and type Ⅲ∼Ⅵ acromioclavicular dislocation.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.162-166
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• 2017

Traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation combined with scapular fracture in elderly patients is relatively rare. In this case, a patient visited Emergency Room of Dong-A University Hospital for shoulder pain after falling off a ladder. Radiographs demonstrated anterior shoulder dislocation with displaced Ideberg type IIb scapula (glenoid fossa) fracture combined with a large rotator cuff tear on magnetic resonance imaging. We performed arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, but a large fragment in the inferior glenoid was left untreated. At the 1 year follow-up visit, the pain visual analogue scale of the patient was 2, the American Shoulder and Elbow Society score was 88 and the patient had gained nearly full range of motion without any apprehension.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.205-208
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• 2014

Sternoclavicular joint posterior dislocations are considered a very uncommon, and type of injury where if esophagus or airway injury occurs behind the clavicle, it poses a high risk to the patient. In addition, if epiphyseal fracture occurs as a result of the sternoclavicular joint posterior dislocation, surgical treatment is often required. However, in the absence of a complete ossification of the clavicle, it is difficult to differentiate between a simple dislocation and epiphyseal fracture-dislocation solely based on simple radiographs or computed tomography scans. In this case report, the authors present a case in which a sternoclavicular joint posterior dislocation was diagnosed in a 14-year-old male athlete. The case report discusses how the posterior dislocation without epiphyseal fracture was diagnosed using an ultrasound and subsequently treated with successful outcomes using manual reduction. The case report presents our findings along with discussion that includes a literature review of relevant research.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.106-108
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• 2009

Calcaneus fracture with a subtalar dislocation are extremely rare. A case of a joint depression type calcaneus fracture with a lateral dislocation of the calcaneal posterior facet and tuberosity is presented. We treated it with open reduction and internal fixation with Steinmann pins and K-wires through limited posterior approach and obtained satisfactory radiographic and clinical outcome.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.241-241
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• 1999

With the aim of assessing the degradation of Zr-2.5Nb pressure tubes operating in the Wolsong unit-1 nuclear power plant, characterization tests are being conducted on irradiated Zr-2.5Nb tubes removed after 10-year operation. The examined tube had been exposed to temperatures ranging from 264 to 306℃ and a neutron fluence of 8.9×$10^{21}$ n/cm²(E>1 MeV) at the maximum. Tensile tests were carried out at temperatures ranging from RT to 300℃. The density of a-type and c-type dislocations was examined on the irradiated Zr-2.5Nb tube using a transmission electron microscope. Neutron irradiation up to 8.9×$10^{21}$ n/cm²(E>1 MeV) yielded an increase in a-type dislocation density of the Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube to 7.5×$10^{14} m^{-2}$, which was highest at the inlet of the tube exposed to the low temperature of 275℃. In contrast, the c-component dislocation density did not change with irradiation, keeping an initial dislocation density of 0.8×$10^{14} m^{-2}$ over the whole length of the tube. As expected, the neutron irradiation increased mechanical strength by about 17-26% in the transverse direction and by 34-39% in the longitudinal direction compared to that of the unirradiated tube at 300℃. The change in the mechanical properties with irradiation is discussed in association with the microstructural change as a function of temperature and neutron fluence.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.471-481
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• 2003

In order to evaluate the microstructural characteristics of irradiated fuel claddings (Zircaloy-4), two irradiated specimens having different burnups (18 GWD/MTU and 42 GWD/MTU) were prepared from the G23-M4 fuel rods, which were loaded in Kori Unit 1 for 4 fuel cycles. The oxide thickness, hydride morphology and hardness change were characterized by an optical microscope and a micro-hardness tester after preparing the irradiated specimens in the PIE (Post Irradiation Examination) facilities. The dislocation loops and the amorphous transformation of precipitates induced by the neutron irradiation in the nuclear plant were also examined by a TEM. As the burnup increased from 18 GWD/MTU to 42 GWD/MTU, the oxide thickness increased from $6.0{\mu}m\;to\;25.3{\mu}m$ and the contents of hydrogen pick-up in the Zr matrix also greatly increased. In the comparison of the hardness of the unirradiated fuel cladding, the amount of hardness increase was nearly $9.3\%\;and\;24.2\%$ for the irradiated samples of 18 and 42 GWD/MTU, respectively. Both -type dislocation loops and -type dislocation components were observed simultaneously in the irradiated specimens and the densities of the dislocation was increased by increasing the burnup. The precipitates in both the irradiated specimens were amorphously transformed by the neutron irradiation and the trend of the amorphous transformation of the precipitates was enhanced at a higher burnup.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2013

We report a case of recurrent shoulder dislocation and combined proximal humerus fracture in neurofibromatosis type I. A twenty-year-old male patient with known neurofibromatosis type I presented with right shoulder dislocation and proximal humerus fracture following a minor trauma. His injured arm also had large plexiform neurofibromas on the elbow, and the dislocation of the shoulder joint was proven to be recurrent. Bony deformation of the humerus and scapula were revealed on X-ray and computed tomography, as well as multiple neurofibromatic changes of the deltoid and periscapular muscles were noted on magnetic resonance imaging. Open reduction and capsular reconstruction were performed and humeral fracture was stabilized with a reconstruction plate. Satisfactory union and functional result were achieved and the dislocation did not recur until the 7-month followup after the procedure. Recurrent shoulder dislocation and combined proximal humerus fracture in neurofibromatosis type I are rare complications. However, it should still be considered in the orthopaedic evaluation process of the diseases.

• Journal of TMJ Balancing Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2014

Therapeutic effect of Yinyang Balancing Appliance of functional cerebrospinal therapy (FCST) for meridian and neurologic yinyang balance was observed in recurrent or habitual type temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation. One Recurrent or habitual type TMJ dislocation case was managed with the Yinyang Balancing Appliance on TMJ, combined with acupuncture. Clinical outcome measurement was based on subjective measures and clinical observations. The patient showed positive changes even after the initial treatment and this effect maintained over the follow-up period. Although it is not clear the effect is sustaining or temporary in its nature, a positive effect was observed and further clinical and biological research on FCST is expected.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.161-165
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• 2024

Femoral head fractures with associated hip dislocations substantially impact the functional prognosis of the hip joint and present a surgical challenge. The surgeon must select a safe approach that enables osteosynthesis of the fracture while also preserving the vascularization of the femoral head. The optimal surgical approach for these injuries remains a topic of debate. A 44-year-old woman was involved in a road traffic accident, which resulted in a posterior iliac dislocation of the hip associated with a Pipkin type II fracture of the femoral head. Given the size of the detached fragment and the risk of incarceration preventing reduction, we opted against attempting external orthopedic reduction maneuvers. Instead, we chose to perform open reduction and internal fixation using the Watson-Jones anterolateral approach. This involved navigating between the retracted tensor fascia lata muscle, positioned medially, and the gluteus medius and minimus muscles, situated laterally. During radiological and clinical follow-up visits extending to postoperative month 15, the patient showed no signs of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, progression toward coxarthrosis, or heterotopic ossification. The Watson-Jones anterolateral approach is a straightforward intermuscular and internervous surgical procedure. This method provides excellent exposure of the femoral head, preserves its primary vascularization, allows for anterior dislocation, and facilitates the anatomical reduction and fixation of the fracture.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.483-488
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• 1997

A misfit dislocation generation in InAs epilayers grown on (001) InP substrates (oriented $2^{\circ}$ off (001) toward the [110] direction) using metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition was studied. The InAs film of 17 nm thickness grown at $405^{\circ}C$ showed the three different arrays of dislocations: a straight orthogonal array to the <110> direction, an array to the >100> direction, and an array tilted by a degree of $5\sim45^{\circ}$ from the [110] direction. All of the dislocations had a/2<101> Burgers vectors inclined $45^{\circ}$ to the interface. Upon annealing at $660^{\circ}C$ the InAs films with 60, 140 and 220 nm thicknesses, most of the misfit dislocations became the Lomer type $(\sim100%)$ oriented exactly along the >110> direction. These misfit dislocation spacings were decreased with increasing the InAs thickness up to 220 nm thickness. This phenomena was interpreted by the relationship between the dislocation interaction energy among parallel misfit dislocations and the opposite remnant InAs epilayer strain energy. The distance between misfit dislocations was measured by transmission electron microscopy.