• 미생물학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 1964

1. Three hundred and twenty four strains of amylase producing bacteria were isolated from various sources and a high amylase producing new strain, which was isolated from MEJU, M-181, was selected for further investigations. 2. The new strain M-181 was similar to Bacillus subtilis in the characteristics. 3. Wheat bran medium was the best one for production of amylase so for as the investigations had been done. The amylase activity of M-181 was measured D$40^{\circ}\\30^{'}$ .$deg._{30'}$ 25,000 to 26,800 on the medium of wheat bran. 4. The strain M-181 did not demand phosphate for production of amylase.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.405-411
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• 2001

Monascus속 곰팡이를 이용한 메주의 효소류 활성을 조사하기 위하여 M perpureus와 M. pilasus의 두 균주를 사용하여 쌀 메주와 콩 메주의 효소활성을 조사하였다. M Manascus 백미 및 백미붙말 메주의 효소휴 활성은 전반 적으로 M pilasus를 사용한 경우에 높았다 Prote잃e 활 성응 쌀 분말 메주가 남알상태의 쌀 메주에 비하여 높 았으나. ($\alpha$-amylase, $\beta$-amylase 및 glucoamyJa않는 날알 쌀 메주에서 높았다. 균주 배양액을 사용한 콩 메주는 효소활성온 높았으나 외관적 품질이 양호하지 못히였다. 균주 배양액 10%와 쌀 분말을 0-12% 범위로 챔 가한 결과 prot,않se의 활성온 두 균주 다같이 10%일 때 최대를 나타내었다. ($\alpha$-anylase의 활성은 쌀 분말의 첨가량이 2%일 때 가장 낮았으나 첨가량이 증가할수록 활성이 증가하였다 $\beta$-와nylase와 gluecoamnylase의 훨-성 은 우 균주 다같이 쌀 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였다 메주용 균주로는 M pilosus몹가 양호하였으며 이 균의 쌀 메주 분말을 증자 콩에 10% 되게 첨가 하여 발효시킨 콩 메주는 일반 Aspergillus oryzzae 콩 메주에 비하여 protease 활성은 높았다. 그러나 $\beta$-amylase 와 glueoarnylase는 약 50% 이하의 활성을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 1970

본 실험(本 實驗)에서는, amylase 활성(活性)을 측정(測定)하기 위하여 starch-agar-gel-plate를 만들어 cork borer로써 9mm의 구멍을 뚫고, 각(各) 농도(濃度)의 효소(酵素)를 주입(注入)하여 일정(一定)한 온도(溫度)에서 일정(一定)한 시간(時間)동만 반응(反應)시킨 후, 0.1N-iodine액(液)으로 분해(分解)하지 않은 starch를 착색시켜, 착색안된 무착색(無着色) zone의 직경을 측정(測定)해서 비교 검토한 것으로 서 이 방법(方法)을 "cork borrer method"라고 칭하였다. starch-agar-gel-plate 상(上)에서의 무착색(無着色) zone 형성(形成)의 최적(最適) pH는, Bacillus 균(菌)이 생산(生産)하는 amylase인 biotex, spitase 등은 중성(中性) 내지 알카리성(性)에서, 사상균이 생산(生産)하는 효소인 mucor-rennin, gluco-amylase, biodiase 등에 있어서는 pH $5{\sim}7$의 범위이다. 무착색(無着色) zone 형성(形成)직경은 전분농도(濃度)가 적을수록 유리하고, 반응시간(反應時間)이 길수록, amylase activity가 강할수록 커진다. 한편 반응온도(反應溫度)에 의한 영향은 $10^{\circ}C$보다 $50^{\circ}C$에서 무착색(無着色) zone이 크게 형성(形成)된다. 따라서 starch 온도(溫度) 및 pH가 일정(一定)한 starch-agar-gel-plate를 만들고, 반응시간(反應時間) 반응온도(反應溫度) 등을 일정하게 하여주면 amylase activity 를 능률있게 측정(測定)할 수 있다. 끝으로 본 연구(本 硏究)를 위하여 연구비(硏究費)를 지급(支給)하여주신 연합재단(聯合財團)과 대학원장 이길상박사(大學院長 李吉相博士), 또 효소(酵素)를 제공하여 주신 삼중효소공업주식회사(三中酵素工業株式會社)의 김동진사장(金東振社長). 천야제약주식회사(天野製藥株式會社)(일본(日本)) 등의 여러분께 진심으로 감사드립니다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.259-267
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• 1998

Typical characteristics of Mejus must be understood to get the basic data for setting up mass production system of traditional fermented soybean products. One hundred and twenty one Mejus were collected from various places and analyed. Most of shapes were rectangular and some were spherical, conical, cylindrical and doughnut types. The weight of Mejus was 0.4~4.2kg. Chemical analysis showed: moisture content, 9.73~58.22% ; pH, 4.95~8.15; acidity, 0.6~3.8% ; soluble protein content, 4.45~12.31%; soluble sugar content, 0.82~10.95%. Enzyme assay showed: $\alpha$-amylase activity, 5.0~874.2 units/g; $\beta$-amylase activity, 0.02~27.74units/g; acidic protease activity, 31.3~225.1unts/g; lipase activity 1.0~53.0units/g. Total viable cells were 3.72$\times$107~1.35$\times$1010cfu/g, and yeast and mold count 6.46$\times$104~8.91$\times$106cfu/g. respectively. $\alpha$-Amylase activity of a traditional Meju from Incheon showed the highest activity of 732.8 units/g(interior section) and 823.2units/g (exterior section). $\beta$-Amylase activity was the highest{3.57 units/g (interior sectin) and 4.25units/g (exterior section)} in Meju from Chunbuk. Acidic protease activity was the highest in sample from Seoul, whereas traditional Meju from Kyongnam showed the highest activity of 21.5units/g(interior section) and 37.5units/g(exterior sectin).

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 1987

This study was carried out to elucidate the seasonal changes of amylase an nitrate reductase activities in Zoysia japonica Steud. The seasonal changes of the amylase activity AA) in aboveground parts appeared high activity from the beginning of May to the beginning of July and in autumn showed an activity of rapid decreasing tendency. But, the AA in winter(Nov. 15~Feb 28 was not almost detected. The seasonal changes of nitrate reductase activity(NRA) in various organs appeared a very similar figures to the seasonal changes of AA. But, the NRA in the root was not almost detected.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1390-1401
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• 2023

In this study, a 12-week feeding experiment was conducted to characterize the effects of exogenous α-amylase on the growth, feed utilization, digestibility, plasma α-amylase activity, feed degradation rate, and fecal particle size of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Diet was supplemented with 0 (AA₀; control), 100 (AA₁₀₀), 200 (AA₂₀₀), or 400 (AA₄₀₀) mg/kg of α-amylase, respectively. Fish (273.1 ± 2.3 g) were stocked into 12 tanks (25 fish/1,000-L tank) and 3 tanks were randomly selected for each diet group. As a result, α-amylase was found to have no significant effects (p ≥ 0.05) on the growth, feed utilization parameters, and whole-body proximate compositions. α-Amylase-treated fish exhibited only a significant increase in the apparent digestibility coefficient of carbohydrates compared to the controls. In addition, in vitro analyses revealed that α-amylase dose-dependently increased (p < 0.05) the feed degradation rate, while photographs of the intestinal content after 2, 4, and 8 h of feeding demonstrated an improved degradation rate in the α-amylase-treated groups. Plasma α-amylase content was higher in the AA₂₀₀ and AA₄₀₀ groups, whereas the control group produced significantly larger-sized fecal particles (90% size class) than these two groups. In the intestine, no changes were observed in the expression levels of the immune-related TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, immunoglobulin-M, HSP-70, lysozyme, and amylase alpha-2A. However, growth-related genes IGF-1, IGF-2, TGF-β3, and growth hormone genes were upregulated in muscle tissues. Collectively, exogenous α-amylase has positive roles in the modulation of the digestibility coefficient, blood α-amylase concentration, growth-related gene expression, and diet degradation for improved digestion in olive flounder.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.86-90
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• 1969

1. Amylase producing bacteria have been isolated from natural sources and was identified out. The above strain is identical to Bacillus subtillis in every details of physiological and morphorogical characteristics by this investigations. 2. Sikworm chrysalis nad chlorella extracts are prove to be further effective for the stimulation of amylase production than any other sources. The former silkworm extract is more stronger in its activity. 3. It is found that effective results had been accepted by a less soybean meal addition per that of wheat bran in the mixture ratio of them, also less addition of corn is needed in the mixture ratio of between corn and whear bran. In the mixing ratio of wheat bran per silkworm or chlorella extracts, the addition of wheat bran is necessary for stimulation of amylase production. 4. Fro the stimulation of amylase production, the effective substances from natural sources and its order of activity in cultral media cultral media is proved as follows, silkworms ext.>chlorella ext.>alcohol>skim-milk and peptone>fermented milk>radish leaf ext.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.625-630
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• 1998

Using a modified yeast secretory expression vector, $\alpha$-amylase of Schwanniomyces occidentalis was produced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The expression vector contains the a-amylase gene (AMY) harboring its own promoter without the regulatory region and the adenine base at the -3 position from the ATG start codon, its own signal sequence, CYC1 transcription terminator, and SV40 enhancer. The expressed $\alpha$-amylase activity from cells carrying the plasmid was approximately 26 times higher than that from the cells harboring an unmodified plasmid. When Saccharomyces diastaticus was transformed with this modified vector, a 2.5 times higher level of amylolytic activity than that from Sch. occidentalis was observed.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.363-370
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 썩은 고구마 및 감자로부터 amylase 생산균주인 사상균 FM04를 분리하였으며, 분리균주의 섬유소분해 효소 생산에 관한 배양의 환경변수 및 기질특성을 조사하였다. 최적의 효소생산을 위한 온도, pH, 교반조건은 각각 28∼3$0^{\circ}C$, 5.0∼6.0, 100rpm이였다. FM04는 Amylase 생산을 위해 탄소원으로서 starch을 잘 이용하였다. 경제적인 효소생산을 위해 전분이 많이 함유된 음식물쓰레기를 이용하였고, 1% (w/v)의 기질농도에서 5.2 U/ml의 amylase 효소활성을 얻을 수 있었다. Amylase 활성의 최적온도 및 PH는 각각 6$0^{\circ}C$와 4.5이었으며, 열안정성은 5$0^{\circ}C$에서 2일 동안 90%의 활성이 유지되었다. 음식물쓰레기의 효소학적 가수분해에서는 2.5 U/ml의 amylase 배양상등액에 음식물쓰레기 20% (w/v)의 첨가한 반응물을 5$0^{\circ}C$, 48시간의 반응한 결과 72.6 g/L의 환원 당을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.409-414
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• 2007

Effects of dimethipin on ${\alpha}$-amylase activity of barley seeds were investigated. In the treatments of $1{\mu}M\;and\;10{\mu}M$ dimethipin, the indexes of germination were reduced to 17% and 24 % respectively. After seed germination, dimethipin was added to germinated seedlings and then the seedlings were kept to measure seedling length under illumination for 7 days. In control, the length of seedling was 5.7 cm, but in the treatments of $1{\mu}M$ dimethipin and $10{\mu}M$ dimethipin, seedling lengths were 5.5 cm and 1.2 cm respectively. In the relationship between dimethipin concentrations and ${\alpha}$-amylase activities, there was a linear curve. The more dimethipin was added to the seeds, the more ${\alpha}$-amylase activities were inhibited. In the treatments of $1{\mu}M$ dimethipin and $10{\mu}M$ dimethipin, ${\alpha}$-amylase activities were reduced to 33% and 71% respectively. Dimethipin also inhibited ${\alpha}$-amylase activities increased by gibberellin and the content of soluble protein. Therefore, it could be suggested that dimethipin might inhibit directly the activities of hydrolysis enzymes including ${\alpha}$-amylase or the expression of ${\alpha}$-amylase genes as germination and seedling growth were severely disturbed.