• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.533-538
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• 1999

${\alpha}$-amylase was investigated as an antistaling agent for Backsulgie, a traditional rice cake. Rice powder was mixed with ${\alpha}$-amylase, fermented for 2 hr at 37$^{\circ}C$, and steamed for 20 min. Rice cake was stored at room temperature or freezer for 4 days, and analyzed to determined the changes of chemical and sensory properties. When ${\alpha}$-amylase was added to rice cake, the content of reducing sugars and the yellow color of the cake were increased, and the water activity was decreased. Soft and moist textural properties were apparent in ${\alpha}$-amylase-added rice cakes by sensory evaluation. X-ray diffraction showed a V pattern after 4 days of storage which indicated the starch of rice cake was not retrograded. However, there was no significant difference in moisture content between enzyme-treated and non-treated rice cakes. Above results suggest that ${\alpha}$-amylase treatment produced dextrins which consequently bound with water and inhibited the retrogradation of rice cake.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.192-196
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• 2002

To investigate the effect of intravenous ethanol administration on pancreatic exocrine secretion, we measured volume and protein amount in pancreatic juice and assayed amylase activity and phospholipase $A_2$ activity in pancreatic fragments and serum. Acute pancreatitis induced by obstruction of common bile-pancreatic duct (CBPD) and caerulein infusion (5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/hr) showed typical characteristics, such as hyperamylasemia and pancreatic edema and increase of phospholipase $A_2$ activity in pancreatic fragments and serum. Intravenous ethanol infusion (50 mg/kg/hr) significantly stimulated pancreatic exocrine secretion, but such a stimulatory effect of ethanol disappeared at dose of 100 mg/kg/hr without typical symptoms of acute pancreatitis. In microscopic examination, there were no typical changes of edematous pancreatitis in ethanol administrated rats. These results suggest that acute ethanol administration has dual effect on exocrine pancreatic secretion: low dose of ethanol (50 mg/kg/hr) stimulates pancreatic exocrine secretion, whereas high dose of ethanol (100 mg/kg/hr) does not without typical changes of edematous pancreatitis.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.271-279
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• 1994

To develop a yeast strain which stably secretes both $\alpha$-amylase and glucoamylase and therefore is able to convert starch directly to ethanol, a mouse salivary $\alpha$-amylase cDNA gene with a yeast alcohol dehydrogenase I promoter has been introduced into the cell of a Saccharomyces diactaticus hybrid strain secreting only glucoamylase. To secrete both enzymes more stably without loss of the $\alpha$-amylase gene during a cell-multiplication, an integrating plasmid vector containing $\alpha$-amylase gene was constructed and introduced into the yeast cell. The results showed that the linearized form of the integrating vector was superior in the transformation efficiency and the rate of the expression of the $\alpha$-amylase gene than the circular type of the vector. The yeast transformant having a linearized plasmid vector exhibited higher mitotic stability than the yeast transformant habouring episomat plasmid vector. The transformant containing the linearized vector producing both $\alpha$-amylase and glucoamylase exhibited 2-3 times more amylolytic activity than the original untransformed strain secreting only glucoamylase.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.240-244
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• 1985

Curde $\beta$-amylase was prepared by frationation of the water extracts from Korean ginseng, Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer, with 0.2-0.6 saturation of ammonium sulfate. The enzyme showed the typical properties of $\beta$-amylase, producing only maltase from starch. The enzyme preparation also showed no maltase activity. The enzyme was stable at the pH 5-9 and at the temperature below $40^{\circ}C$. The enzyme showed the optimum pH at 5.0 and the optimum temperature at $35^{\circ}C$. Its activities had proportional relations with substrate concentration below 12 mg%, showing Km V slues of 4.76 mg%. The enzyme was inhibited by $Ag^{+}$, $Hg^{++}$, $Cd^{++}$, $Cu^{++}$,$ Al^{3+}$, and $Fe^{3+}$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.570-576
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• 2002

The extremely halophilic archaebacterium Haloarcular sp. EH-1 was isolated from solar salts. Amylae production from Halonrcular sp. EH-1 have been studied. The results obtained were as follows. The optimal medium composition for the production of amylase from Haloarcular sp. EH-1 were soluble starch 1.5%, yeast extract 1.0%, MgSO$_4$ 7h$_2$O 2.0%, KCI 0.1%, NaCl 25% (pH 7.5). The incubation temperature, aeration rate and agitation speed were 4$0^{\circ}C$, 100 $m\ell$ medium / 500 $m\ell$ shaking flask, and 110 rpm. The cell growth and enzymatic activity was highest at 9 days of incubation. So amylase production appeared to be a growth-related phenomenon.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 2011

The potential biological activities of water and ethanol extracts from two varieties of Rubus coreanus Miquel fruits produced in the Gochang-gun (GR) and Hoengseong-gun (HR) regions of Korea were examined. The hydroxyl radical ($\cdot$OH) scavenging activity, reducing power, lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity, and antiproliferative activity on cancer cells by these extracts were examined, and $\alpha$-amylase and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibition assays were also performed. The EtOH extract from GR showed high hydroxyl radical scavenging activity ($EC_{50}=119.47{\pm}5.13\;{\mu}g/mL$), lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity ($EC_{50}=213.45{\pm}3.14\;{\mu}g/mL$) and a concentration dependence, with OD values ranging from 0.15 to 0.56 (50 to 200 ${\mu}g/mL$), for reducing power. The EtOH extract from GR has the highest antiproliferative activities on MDA-MB-231 and HepG2 cancer cells among four extracts. Meanwhile, all extracts showed certain $\alpha$-amylase and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibition activities. These results indicate that extracts from two varieties of R. coreanus fruits have significant antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-tumorigenic activities, which suggest these extracts could be a potential source for pharmaceutical.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.233-242
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• 2012

Jehotang is a cold traditional Korean drink made with honey and several ingredients used in traditional Korean medicine. The ingredients include Fructus mume, Fructus amomi, Fructus tsaoko, Santalum album and honey. In this study, Jehotang and its ingredients were determined through the analysis of antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity. In addition, quality characteristics of Jehotang made by a traditional recipe(Yeonmil) and a modern recipe(double boiling and boiling) were also compared in terms of pH, color and sugar content. Total phenolic content of extract from Fructus ammomi was found to be 120.45 mg, and Yeonmil recipe was discovered 152.66 mg equivalent of gallic acid per g of extract. DPPH free radical scavenging activity were Feuctus amomi(93.13%) and Yeonmil recipe(56.44%). The Fructus amomi extract showed the highest ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity(89.51%) at the concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity of boiled Jehotang were 52.38% and 72.52%, respectively. These results suggest that extract of Fructus amomi has an antioxidant activity and antidiabetic effects. Yeonmil recipe is useful for antioxidant effects more than the others. Also, the double boiling recipe has an excellent antidiabetic effect.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.315-321
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• 1999

This study has been performed to deveope a yeast strain having high ${\alpha}$-amylase production ability using nuclear transfer method. Hybrids formed between the strains of Saccharomyces fiburigera KCTC 7393 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCTC 7049 (tyr-, ura-)were obtained by nuclear transfer technique. Nuclei isolated from the wild type S. fiburigera strain were transfered into auxotrophic mutants S. cerevisiae and selected the hybrids showing an increased starch degrading capability were selected (MN-16). This transformant grew best and produced maximal ${\alpha}$-amylase activity on the medium containing 2% (V/V) soluble starch. ${\alpha}$-Amylase from MN-16 was purified electrophoretically homogenety and its properties were investigated. The enzyme was purified about 10.6 fold with an overall yield 9.7% from the culture medium by ammonium sulfate fractionation. DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography, and Sephacryl S-200 column chromatography. The purified enzyme showed a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the ${\alpha}$-amylase was estimated to be 53,000 daltons by SDS-PAGE and by gel permeation chromatography on Sephacryl S-200. The purified enzyme showed the maximum activity at pH 5.5 and 40${\circ}C$. The km value for soluble starch was 2.5㎎/㎖. The enzyme activity increased in the presence of $Ca^{2+}, Co^{2+}, EDTA, Mg^{2+}, Mn^{2+}, Zn^{2+}$, but inhibited by $Cu^{2+}, Fe^{2+}$, and $Ni^{2+}$

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.217-223
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• 1979

Six strains of mold which had high saccharifying and acid-productive ability were isolated from wild sources. The strain M-80 among them and Aspergillus kawachii, which was generally used as rice makkulli koji were used for this studies. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1) $\alpha$-amylase activities of the strain M-80 and Asp, kawachii showed similarly as about 140W. V., while $\beta$-amylase activity of M-80 was 54 A. U. and Asp. kawachii was 40 A. U. 2) Acid protease activity of M-80 was higher then Asp. kawachii but alkaline protease activity was lower Asp. kawachii respectively. 3) The contents of total acid, ethanol and fusel oil in makkulli brewing with M-80 were higher those of Asp. kawachii and methanol contents of the tested two strains were about 33mg/％. 4) Fifteen kinds of free amino acid were detected from makkulli brewing of two strains, and free amino acid contents of M-80 were 10％ higher than those of Asp. kawachii.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.419-424
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• 2008

In this study, we examined the anti-diabetic activity in vitro by the crude extracts of Tetragonia tetragonioides which has been known to superior plants for the traditional prevention and treatment of stomach-related diseases. $\alpha$-Amylase and $\alpha$-glucosidase, the principal enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, and aldose reductase, the key enzyme of the polyol pathway, have been shown to play the important roles in the complications associated with diabetes. A hexane (HX) fraction of T. tetragonioides were shown to inhibit more than 50% of salivary and pancreatin $\alpha$-amylase activity at concentration of 2.882 mg/mL and 2.043 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, the HX and ethylacetate (EA) fraction showed the highest inhibitory activity on yeast $\alpha$-glucosidase at values of $IC_{50}$ of 0.723 mg/mL and 1.356 mg/mL respectively. The HX, dichloromethane (DCM) and EA fraction showed more higher inhibitory activity on yeast $\alpha$-glucosidase than commercial agent such as 1-deoxynorjirimycin and acarbose. Also, the aldose reductase from human muscle cell had been inhibited strongly by the DCM fraction and HX fraction at 51.95% and 47.22% at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, respectively. Our study, for the first time, revealed the anti-diabetic potential of T. tetragonioides and this study could be used to develop medicinal preparations or nutraceutical and functional foods for diabetes and related symptoms.