• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.431-441
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• 2024

A newly developed line-style sand pluviator has been calibrated to prepare repeatable sand specimens of specific statuses of compactness and homogeneity for laboratory tests. Sand is falling via a bottom slot of a fixed hopper, and by moving the sample container under the slot, the container is evenly filled with sand. The pluviator is designed with high flexibility: The falling height of sand, the hopper's opening width and the relative moving speed between the hopper and the sample box can be easily adjusted. By changing these control factors, sand specimens of a wide range of densities can be prepared. A series of specimen preparation was performed using the coarse Merwede River sand. Performance of the pluviator was systematically evaluated by exploring the alteration of achievable density, as well as checking the homogeneity and fabric of the prepared samples by CT scanning. It was found that the density of prepared coarse sand samples has monotonic correlations with none of the three control factors. Furthermore, CT scanning results suggested that the prepared samples exhibited excellent homogeneity in the horizontal direction but periodical alteration of density in the vertical direction. Based on these calibration test results, a preliminary hypothesis is proposed to describe the general working principles of this type of pluviators a priori, illustrating the mechanisms dominating the non-monotonic correlations between control factors and the relative density as well as the vertically prevalent heterogeneity of specimens. Accordingly, practical recommendations are made in a unified framework in order to lessen the load of similar calibration work.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2000

The aim of this study is to review the concepts of Jing(精) Qi(氣) Shen(神) Hun(魂) Po(魄) in the light of the Jungian psychology. According to the explanations of the Jungian psychology human beings have archetypes-a priori conditioning factors-in the collective unconscious. These archetyps are concerned with common concepts conceived by mankind about the fundamental elements which constitute the universe and the existence. The archetype is perceived in a symbol, hence Jing(精) Qi(氣) Shen(神) Hun(魂) Po(魄) also are these symbolic representations which had common background of mankind. The meaning of Jing(精) is emphasized as psychic and physical elements, and concerned with instinct. Qi(氣) corresponds to Jung's definition of libido as life energy. The concept of Shen(神) has the value of the self archetype as whole psyche's president principle. Hun(魂) and Po(魄) are intuitive notions of the Orient compared with Animus and Anima which are characteristic representations. However from a standpoint of autonomous energy as archetype the difference would be diminished. Considering each purpose of Hun(魂) and Po(魄) Hun(魂) has a intention of integrating the unconscious flux into consciousness while Po(魄) has a tendency toward instinct to secure a body. It is precious to recognize deeply that these concepts of jing(精) Qi(氣) Shen(神) Hun(魂) Po(魄) play an important part which mediate between the unconscious and consciousness, psyche and body as symbols.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.1569-1586
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• 2015

This paper considers the optimal cell association and resource allocation for load balancing in a heterogeneous cellular network subject to user's quality-of-service (QoS) constraints. We adopt the proportional fairness (PF) utility maximization formulation which also accommodates the QoS constraints in terms of minimum rate requirements. With equal resource allocation this joint optimization problem is either infeasible or requires relaxation that yields a solution which is difficult to implement. Nevertheless, we show that this joint optimization problem can be effectively solved without any priori assumption on resource allocation and yields a cell association scheme which enforces single BS association for each user. We re-formulated the joint optimization problem as a network-wide resource allocation problem with cardinality constraints. A reweighted heuristic l₁-norm regularization method is used to obtain a sparse solution to the re-formulated problem. The cell association scheme is then derived from the sparsity pattern of the solution, which guarantees a single BS association for each user. Compared with the previously proposed method based on equal resource allocation, the proposed framework results in a feasible cell association scheme and yields a robust solution on resource allocation that satisfies the QoS constraints. Our simulations illustrate the impact of user's minimum rate requirements on cell association and demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves load balancing and enforces single BS association for users.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.84-99
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• 2014

In this study, determinant input-output variables are identified for calculating Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) efficiency scores relating to evaluating the efficiency of government-sponsored research and development (R&D) projects. In particular, this study proposes a systematic framework of design and analysis of experiments, called "all possible DEAs", for pinpointing DEA determinant input-output variables. In addition to correlation analyses, two modified measures of time series analysis are developed in order to check the similarities between a DEA complete data structure (CDS) versus the rest of incomplete data structures (IDSs). In this empirical analysis, a few DEA determinant input-output variables are found to be associated with a typical public R&D performance evaluation logic model, especially oriented to a mid- and long-term performance perspective. Among four variables, only two determinants are identified : "R&D manpower" ($x_2$) and "Sales revenue" ($y_1$). However, it should be pointed out that the input variable "R&D funds" ($x_1$) is insignificant for calculating DEA efficiency score even if it is a critical input for measuring efficiency of a government-sonsored R&D project from a practical point of view a priori. In this context, if practitioners' top priority is to see the efficiency between "R&D funds" ($x_1$) and "Sales revenue" ($y_1$), the DEA efficiency score cannot properly meet their expectations. Therefore, meticulous attention is required when using the DEA application for public R&D performance evaluation, considering that discrepancies can occur between practitioners' expectations and DEA efficiency scores.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.73-87
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• 2016

Activation Plan for International Health Care through the Resolution of Medical Disputes with Foreign Patients. The field of international health care is currently being expanded and developed into the new industrial field of medical tourism through the convergence of medicine - a public sector - and tourism - a private sector. This study examines problems with medical law regarding the prevention of medical disputes that may occur when attracting foreign patients and the resolution of these disputes. It also introduces the current most ideal resolution plan for medical disputes. Advanced measures for the prevention of medical disputes with foreign patients are as follows: First, when conducting international health care, the obligation to explain a medical treatment should be applied at higher standards for foreign patients. Second, all medical treatment procedures, including appointments, treatments, discharge, post-operation consultations, and follow-up treatments of foreign patients should be charted and recorded. A checklist regarding precautions for each procedure along with a response manual for problems should also be established. These regulations can prevent unexpected conflicts in advance when medical disputes occur. If a medical dispute with a foreign patient occurs despite thorough advance prevention, it can be resolved through reconciliation, mediation, and arbitration. The government and the medical field along with its related industries and authorities should put their efforts into developing these priori/posteriori measures for the activation of international medical health care. The laws and technological/human capabilities in medicine should also be improved in order to activate international medical health care.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제35S권12호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1998

두개의 영상을 정합 하는 것은 많은 컴퓨터 시각장치의 응용과정 중 기본적인 과정이다. 본 논문에서는 선형특징을 사용한 정합기법으로서 회전각도와 크기비율에 불변한 영상정합 기법을 제안한다. 영상은 edge 검출, 세선화, 선형화 과정에 의해 선형 세그먼트의 집합으로 묘사된다. 세그먼트 사이의 각도차이와 새로운 거리척도에 의한 크기비율을 사용해 Hough 공간에서 최대로 일치하는 변환 파라메터를 추정한다. 추정된 파라메터는 1단계 relaxation과 Hough 기법으로 이루어진 고속 선형특징 정합과정에 의해 검증된다. 제안한 기법은 변환 파라메터에 대한 사전정보를 필요로 하지 않으며 추출된 선형 세그먼트 크기의 변화에 민감하지 않은 특성과 기존의 relaxation 기법에 비해 빠른 처리속도를 가진다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.702-721
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• 2012

In the DVB-T2 system with a multiple-input single-output (MISO) transmission mode, Alamouti coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals are transmitted simultaneously from two spatially separated transmitters in a single frequency network (SFN). In such systems, each transmit-receive link may have a distinct carrier frequency offset (CFO) due to the Doppler shift and/or frequency mismatch between the local oscillators. Thus, the received signal experiences dual CFOs. This not only causes dual phase errors in desired data but also introduces inter-carrier interference (ICI), which cannot be removed completely by simply performing a CFO compensation. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes an iterative detection with dual phase errors compensation technique. In addition, we propose a successive-iterative ICI cancellation technique. This technique successively eliminates ICI in the initial iteration by exploiting pre-detected data pairs. Then, in subsequent iterations, it performs a fine interference cancellation using a priori information, iteratively fed back from the channel decoder. In contrast to previous works, the proposed techniques do not require estimates of dual CFOs. Their performances are evaluated via a full DVB-T2 simulator. Simulation results show that the DVB-T2 receiver equipped with the proposed dual phase errors compensation and the successive-iterative ICI cancellation techniques achieves almost the same performance as ideal dual CFOs-free systems, even for large dual CFOs.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.89-105
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• 2004

This paper investigates morphological theory as an intellectual framework for research and design. The first part of the paper will review morphological studies in the fields of urban geography, urban planning and architecture, particularly in England from the 1940s to the 1980s. While urban geographers and planners were concerned primarily with town plans, building forms and land use, architectural theoreticians were more interested in the topological relationship between urban and architectural space. The underlying premises and principles of these two approaches will be reviewed. The second part of the paper will focus on typology in Europe and North America. The reinterpretation of typology by Italian architects helped to bridge the gap between individual elements of architecture and the overall form of the city. However, typological theory became less accessible in post-war England and the United States. After 1980, the debate on typology became muted by the onset of vague notions such as functionalism, bio-technical determinism, and contextualism. This paper will propose a redefinition of morphology as a heuristic device, in contrast with the dichotomic view of urban morphology and architectural typology. Morphology will be shown to combine the geometrical and topological; the intentional and accidental; the real and abstract; and a priori and a posteriori. The last part of the paper discusses the lack of comparative theories and methods surrounding the physical form of architecture and the city by Korea commentators. Empirically rooted facility planning, non-comparative historical studies, and iconographic criticism emerged as a central preoccupation of architectural culture between the 1960s and 1980s, a time when international debate on architecture and urbanism was most intense. This paper will give consideration to the built environment as a dynamic physical entity and space as an epiphenomenon of daily urban life, such that collaboration between urban designers, architects, and landscape architects is seen as both beneficial and necessary.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.142-149
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• 2011

This paper presents a new state of charge(SOC) estimation of large capacity of Li-ion battery (LIB) based on the multiple model adaptive estimation(MMAE) method. We first introduce an equivalent circuit model of LIB. The relationship between the terminal voltage and the open circuit voltage(OCV) is nonlinear and may vary depending on the changes of temperature and C-rate. In this paper, such behaviors are described as a set of multiple linear time invariant impedance models. Each model is identified at a temperature and a C-rate. These model set must be obtained a priori for a given LIB. It is shown that most of impedances can be modeled by first-order and second-order transfer functions. For the real time estimation, we transform the continuous time models into difference equations. Subsequently, we construct the model banks in the manner that each bank consists of four adjacent models. When an operating point of cell temperature and current is given, the corresponding model bank is directly determined so that it is included in the interval generated by four operating points of the model bank. The MMAE of SOC at an arbitrary operating point (T $^{\circ}C$, $I_{bat}$[A]) is performed by calculating a linear combination of voltage drops, which are obtained by four models of the selected model bank. The demonstration of the proposed method is shown through simulations using DUALFOIL.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1114-1122
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 그리드 네트워크에 대해서 정상적인 트래픽 예측에 의해서 설계된 자원 이외에 예측 불가능한 비상사태를 대비하기 위한 추가자원의 한계용량 설계에 관한 해석적 모델을 제안한다. 구체적으로는 그리드 네트워크 전체를 대상으로 한계용량을 산정하는 경우의 최솟값에 대한 상한을 예측하는 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해서 본 논문에서는 그리드 네트워크를 그리드 그래프로 추상화하여 Roman domination number의 개념을 이용한 해석적 기법을 통해서 한계용량의 상한을 도출한다.