• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.773-784
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• 2023

정부는 2007년부터 「국가건축기본계획」, 2014년부터 「건축서비스산업진흥법」 등을 통해 공공건축물의 품질향상을 도모하고 있으나, 이러한 추세에도 불구하고 대규모 아파트 공사에 비해 교육시설의 하자 발생 빈도가 높은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 IPA분석기법을 응용한 사분면 분석 기법을 이용하여 교육시설에서 발생하는 균열의 주요 원인을 분석하여 이를 바탕으로 효율적인 균열 예측을 제시하고자 한다. 문헌연구를 통해 연구동향을 살펴보고 2019년부터 2021년까지 교육청으로 부터 받은 자료를 분석하여 주요 결함을 파악한다. 이후 설문조사와 전문가 자문을 바탕으로 균열 결함 15개 원인을 선정한다. 선정된 15개 원인에 대한 분석 결과를 바탕으로 2×2 Matrix를 활용해 균열 원인에 대한 작업애로 및 예방효과를 파악하고 중점적으로 검토해야 할 원인을 찾아 개선방향을 제시했다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 효과적인 교육시설의 균열 예방 및 관리에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.105-120
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• 2002

In the United States, the prospective payment system(PPS), under which diagnosis related groups (DRGs) are used to reimburse hospitals for the care of Medicare patients since 1983, Study results showed that the PPS is having a major impact on the quantity of services especially of hospital length of stay. The PPS has increased the likelihood that a patient will be discharged home in an unstable condition and the use of nursing homes or long term care facilities increased. Still, it is insufficient to conclude that the PPS has decreased the Medicare total expenditure, but relatively sufficient to conclude that the quality of care hasn't changed. The maintenance of the quality resulted from the systemic "check-and-balance" composed of three factors; (1) The doctors are reimbursed based on the fee-for-service system, (2) hospitals contact with doctors under the attending system, and (3) there are some public hospitals. In Korea, the reimbursement for hospitals and doctors are not divided, the hospitals have doctors as employees, and 90% of hospitals are private. These differences may weaken the "check-and-balance" existing in the U.S. system. And there are few long term care facilities and the diagnostic coding system using in pilot test are not suitable for Korean situation. In conclusion, for successful implementation of the DRG payment system in Korea, the government should establish the "check-and-balance" system in the health sector to make sure the quality of care before the implementation.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.121-133
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• 2011

This study suggests criteria to conduct a risk assessment of VOCs and formaldehyde in uncontrolled public facilities. Pollutants and facilities were selected based on two years of monitoring data and exposure scenarios in 573 uncontrolled public facilities, composed of 10 types of public institutions. With the exception of social welfare facilities, lifetime ECRs of formaldehyde and benzene in each facility were higher in employees than in users, except in social welfare facilities. In social welfare facilities, the risk of benzene for users ($1{\times}10^{-5}$) was higher than that of workers ($1{\times}10^{-6}$) because facility users live in the facility 24 hours per day, compared to workers who spend an average of 8 hours per day in the facility. The risk of benzene to workers in restaurants, academies, performance halls, internet cafe and pubs were estimated as high as $1{\times}10^{-4}$ and the risk to workers in the theaters and karaoke bars were recorded as $1{\times}10^{-5}$. Because lifetime ECRs of carcinogens exceeded $1{\times}10^{-4}$ for workers and users in most facilities, risk management of formaldehyde and benzene in these facilities is necessary. Although HQs of toluene and xylenes did not exceed 1.0, their HQs did exceed 0.1 in some facilities, so they were evaluated as potentially harmful materials. Additionally, criteria for health protection in IAQ by facility are suggested at $60-100\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for formaldehyde, $400-500\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for TVOCs, $10-20\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for benzene, $150-170\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for toluene and $100\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for xylenes, based on the survey on IAQ and HRA methodology. The excess rates of IAQ to health protection criteria in all facilities were 16% for formaldehyde, 8% for TVOCs and benzene, 9% for toulene, and 5% for xylenes.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.347-357
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• 1996

Although occupational low back pain accounts for $20\sim40%$ of all occupational illness and injury, there are limited numbers of studies regarding the effectiveness of back school program. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic benefit of back school program for early return to work of occupational low back pain patients in the current occupational injury compensation and management system. The cost-benefit analysis in this study was conducted to evaluate the relative magnitude of benefit to cost. The total cost was estimated by calculating the value of components in back school program according to governmental budget protocol. The back school program was consisted of three major approaches, pain center, work-hardening program and funcional restoration program and each of components had various facilities and experts. The total amount of cost was estimated as 250,866,220 won per year. The most promising type of back school program were quite intensive (a 3 to 5-week stay in a specialized center), therefore, if we adopted the 5-week stay course, 10 courses could be held in a year. Following to the medical act, 20 patients per doctor could participate in a each course, ie, total 200 patients in a year. As a result, we could estimate the cost of 1,254,331 won a patient. We estimated the benefit by using data of a few local labor offices about average medical treatment beneficiary and off-duty beneficiary of 46 occupational low back pain patients in 1994. Ullman and Larsson (1977) mentioned that the group of chronic low back pain patients who participated in back school program needed less time to recover by 48.4% of beneficiary duration. And in the trying to estimate the benefit, we asked 10 rehabilitation board certificate doctors about reduction proportion of treatment cost by introducing back school program. The answered reduction proportions were in the range of $30\sim45%$, average 39%. As a final result, we could see that the introduction of back school program in treatment of chronic occupational low back pain patients could produce the benefit to cost ratio as 3.90 and 6.28. And we could conclude that the introduction of back school program was beneficial to current occupational injury compensation and management system.

• 대한장애인치과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.58-61
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• 2015

The people with disabilities living in residential facilities have more difficulty in caring oral hygiene than those living at home. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the recent 2014 dental treatment records of free mobile dental clinic service for disabled people in Korea. 203 disabled living in residential facilities participated in mobile dental clinic. Patients classified according to types of disability. Mental retardation were 75.3%, mental disorder were 6.0%, crippled disorder were 7.4%, brain disorder were 6.5%, visual disorder were1.4%, auditory and speech disorder were 2.3% and autism disorder were 0.9%. Performed treatments were 99 scaling and curettage, 88 fluoride varnish and TBI, 4 extraction, 1 endodontic treatment, 16 caries control (resin filling, GI filling), 1 denture repair and 8 refuse the treatment. Free mobile dental clinic can not provide complex dental treatment. So, the organization should systemize advanced dental treatment and regular preventive programs. Furthermore, we need to have a more concerns about the people with disabilities living in residential facilities and constantly participate on a dental voluntary work.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2007

It was not until 1975 that cancer registration was initiated in Korea; voluntary registration of cancer patients of training hospitals throughout the country began under the auspices of the Korean Cancer Society(KCS). However, an official cancer registration, the Korea Central Cancer Registry(KCCR), began on July 1st, 1980. Forty-five training and two non-training hospitals throughout the country initiated registration of patients in whom neoplasms had been found. Data related to case information specified are to be sent to the KCCR at the National Medical Center(it moved at National Cancer Center in 2000). The initial cancer registration of KCS was merged to the KCCR in 1980. Although the KCCR covers most all the large training hospitals in Korea, it cannot provide incidence data. It is, however, the only of its kind in the world, being neither hospital nor population based. The first population based cancer registry(PBCR) was launched in a small county, Kangwha(it has around 80,000 inhabitants), by Yonsei University Medical College in 1983. All data were collected by active methods, and incidence statistics for 1986-1992 appeared in Vol VII of the CI5. Another PBCR, Seoul Cancer Registry(SCR), started in 1991. It was supported by a civilian foundation, the Korean Foundation for Cancer Research. The basic idea of case registration of SCR was the incorporation of KCCR data to PBCR, e. g. dual sources of case registration, i.e., from the KCCR and also including cases diagnosed in small hospitals and other medical facilities. Assessing completeness and validity of case registration of SCR, the program and methodology used by the SCR was later extended to other large cities and areas in Korea, and the PBCR in each area was established. Cancer incidence statistics of Seoul for 1993-1997, Busan for 1996-1997, and Daegu for 1997-1998, as well as Kangwha for 1993-1997, appeared eventually in Vol VIII of the CI5. The Korean or 'pillar' model for a PBCR is a new one. The KCCR data file is a reliable basis, as a pillar, for a PBCR in each area. The main framework of the model for such a registry is the incorporation of a KCCR data file with data from additionally surveyed cases; the data related to cancer deaths, medical insurance claims, and visit-and surveillance of non-KCCR medical facilities. Cancer registration has been adopted as a national cancer control program by Korean government in 2004 as the Anti-Cancer Act was enacted. Since then, some officers have tried to launch a nation-wide PBCR covering whole country. In the meantime, however, cancer registration was interrupted and discontinued for years due to the Privacy Protection Law, which was solved by an amendment of the Anti-Cancer Act in 2006. It would be premature to establish the nation-wide PBCR in Korea. Instead, continuous efforts to improve the completeness of registration of the KCCR, to progress existing PBCRs, and to expand PBCRs over other areas are still to be devoted. The nation-wide PBCR in Korea will be established eventually with summation of the PBCRs of the Korean model.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.126-146
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• 1993

우리나라에서 있어 왔던 환경오염관련 건강피해 문제들의 실상을 파악하고자 1980년부터 1991년까지 국내 16개 주요 일간지에 실린 환경오염관련기사들을 정리하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 12년간 환경오염과 관련된 건강피해를 다룬 기사는 93건이었는데 1980년대에는 연간 $1{\sim}11$건 정도 이었으나, 1990년 이후 급증하여 1991년에는 36건이 보도되었다. 보도된 사건은 주로 공업단지 및 대도시에서 발생되었으며, 오염원은 대부분 공장이나 공단, 그리고 교통수단에서 기인되었다. 유해요인은 소음을 제외하고는 정확한 요인이 기술되지 않고 단지 가스, 분진, 악취 등으로 보도된 것이 많았다. 건강피해는 신경계 증상이 가장 많이 거론되었으나 대부분의 경우 정확히 구명된 예는 적었다. 피해를 입고 있다는 주민들의 반응은 요구사항의 내용과 강도, 그리고 관철 방법에 있어서 사안별로 매우 다양하였는데, 이에 대한 행정당국의 대책으로서 즉각적인 대응조처가 강구된 예는 적었다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.95-107
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• 2016

Objectives: Physical activity is well known as one of the most effective health behaviors for maintaining and promoting health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regional variation, compositional and contextual factors on physical activities in Korea. Methods: This study analyzed data of 6,353 adults in 4th-1, 2 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Independent variables were compositional factors that included general characteristics, health behaviors, health status, and contextual factors that included physical environment, political environment, and social safety net. Dependent variables were vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, and walking activity. Multilevel analysis were used to determine a variation of physical activity between levels of compositional factors and contextual factors. Results: Physical activities of the Korean people were affected by the regional variables. Financial independence and population density were related with moderate physical activity significantly. Population density, school sport or rally spaces, cultural facilities, and social safety concerns were related with walking activity significantly. These variables impacted on physical activities along with variables at the individual level. Variance Partition Coefficient were 9.94% at moderate physical activity and 2.91% at walking activities, respectively. Conclusions: The results suggest that the regional variables should be considered when planning public intervention to promoting physical activities in Korean adults.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2019

The diagnosis of the failure for the existing electrical facilities was based on regular preventive maintenance, but this preventive maintenance was limited in preventing a lot of cost loss and sudden system failure. To overcome these shortcomings, fault prediction and diagnostic techniques are critical to increasing system reliability by monitoring electrical installations in real time and detecting abnormal conditions in the facility early. As the performance and quality deterioration problem occurs frequently due to the increase in the number of users of the motor pump, the purpose is to build an intelligent control system that can control the motor pump to maximize the performance and to improve the quality and reliability. To this end, a vibration sensor, temperature sensor, pressure sensor, and low water level sensor are used to detect vibrations, temperatures, pressures, and low water levels that can occur in the motor pump, and to build a system that can identify and diagnose information to users in real time.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2023

강연선의 손상 및 파단위험에 대하여 적극적으로 대처하기 위해서는 기존의 사후 유지관리 체계만으로는 한계가 있으며 시설물의 내구성, 안전성 저하를 정량적으로 평가 및 예측하고 시설물의 자산가치를 고려한 합리적인 유지관리 체계의 구축이 요구된다. 따라서 가설앵커에 큰 결함이 발생하기 전 사전조치가 이루어지도록 하는 선제적 유지관리 방안을 고려해볼 가치가 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 선제적 과긴장 공법을 고안하여 설계 및 현장시험을 통해 그 효과를 검토하고 신뢰성 기반 최적화 설계를 수행하여 저항계수를 산정하였다. 이때 과긴장 앵커의 흙막이 가시설 지지효과는 강연선 파단전 유효긴장력에 대한 강연선 파단후 잔존긴장력의 비를 이용하여 평가하였으며 저항계수는 각 확률변수에 대한 최적해를 Excel solver를 이용하여 구하고 이를 한계상태식에 적용하여 산정하였다. 연구결과 과긴장률이 125%~130%인 경우 강연선 파단 후에도 높은 흙막이 가시설 지지효과를 보였으며 최적화 설계결과 하중계수(γ)는 1.25, 저항계수 Φ₁, Φ₂, Φ₃은 0.7, 0.5, 0.6을 적용함이 적절한 것으로 나타났다.