• 성인간호학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.472-481
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify the effects of aroma-foot-reflexology on premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea and lower abdominal skin temperature of nursing students. Methods: This study used a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study design. The participants were divided into two groups, a control group with 37 students and a treatment with 24 students. A 35 minute three times a week aroma-foot-reflexology was carried out for the treatment group. The data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Results: The results showed that aroma-foot reflexology was significantly effective in reducing premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea, and raised lower abdominal skin temperature of the students. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that aroma-foot-reflexology is an effective nursing intervention in reducing premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea and in improving lower abdominal skin temperature. It is, therefore, recommended that the aroma-foot reflexology should be a clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention to reduce premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea and to improve lower abdominal skin temperature of nursing students.

• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2003

Obesity is excess body weight, defined as a body mass index (BMI) over 30 kg/m2. or 20% over than relative body weight (RBW). We can consider the surface temperature of obesity patients is related with fat distribution and differs from that of non obesity people. The temperature is measured by using Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI). DITI was taken on 109 people without any specific disease. Among those subjects, obesity group is 77 and non obesity is 32. We measured the surface temperature by describing regular square on the upper arm, lower arm, palm, upper leg, lower leg, foot, upper abdomen and lower abdomen. The temperature of upper leg, upper abdomen and lower abdomen was low (p<0.001) and that of palm and foot was high (p<0.05) in obesity group. The temperature and the difference of lower arm to palm and lower leg to foot correlated with RBW. These results suggest the surface temperature in obesity group differ remarkably from that in non obesity group.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 노심 용융물과 원자로 용기하부 반구내벽 사이의 간격형성 여부 및 간극의 열적 영향을 측정하기 위한LAVA (Lower-plenum arrested vessel attack) 실험에서 초고온상태에 있는 노심 용융물의 온도를 측정할 목적으로 초고온 온도측정 시스템을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서는 제안된 이론의 유용성을 확인할 목적으로 개발한 초음파 자왜 센서 시스템을 이용하여 2300℃까지의 온도를 측정함으로써 실험을 통해 개발된 시스템의 효율성을 증명하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.1486-1494
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• 2020

To evaluate transport-induced cladding embrittlement after interim-dry storage, ring compression tests were carried out at room temperature(RT) and 135 ℃. The ring compression test specimens were prepared by simulating the interim-dry storage conditions that include four peak cladding temperatures of 250, 300, 350 and 400 ℃, two tensile hoop stresses of 80 and 100 MPa, two hydrogen contents of 250 and 500 wt.ppm-H and a cooling rate of 0.3 ℃/min. Radial hydride fractions of the ring specimens vary depending on those interim-dry storage conditions. The RT compression tests generated lower offset strains than the 135 ℃ ones. In addition, the RT and 135 ℃ compression tests indicate that a higher peak cladding temperature, a higher tensile hoop stress and the lower hydrogen content generated a lower offset strain. Based on the embrittlement criterion of 2.0% offset strain, an allowable peak temperature during the interim-dry storage may be proposed to be less than 350 ℃ under the tensile hoop stress of 80 MPa at the terminal cool-down temperature of 135 ℃.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism and effect of moxa bucket moxibustion, to be used as the quantitative data through the measurement of temperature, and to grasp the thermodynamic characteristics of moxa bucket moxibustion. Methods : We have selected the moxa bucket moxibustion. We have made a comparative study of the thermodynamic characteristics of moxa bucket moxibustion. We have examined combustion times, temperatures, temperature gradients in each period during a combustion of moxa bucket moxibustion made by oak wood. Results : 1. We could design the moxa bucket moxibustion so that it has $57.6^{\circ}C$ maximum temperature with 7g weight and 10mm height, if we use more weight of moxa or lower height of moxa, we can observe relatively elevated maximum temperature. We observed the maximum temperature following the measuring position of moxa bucket and we could see higher temperature at the center of the moxa bucket and lower temperature at the side of the moxa bucket. 2. We could design the moxa bucket moxibustion with 5g moxa and 10mm height so that it has 0.12 $1^{\circ}C/sec$ of maximum temperature gradient, and it has relatively high temperature gradient at lower weight and height condition. 3. We could design the moxa bucket moxibustion with 7g moxa and 15mm height so that it has 4,135sec of the longest effective temperature combustion time. If we use more weight of moxa or higher height of moxa, we can observe relatively extended effective temperature combustion time. Conclusions : We observed the longest effective combustion time following the measuring position of moxa bucket. We can see a higher temperature at the center of the moxa bucket and a lower temperature at the side of the moxa bucket.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 1982

Comfort concept of heating and cooling between body and environment is modified by the clothing. So were can say the clothing is one of the environment. To maintain“pleasantness”, clothing must have the elements of comfort and function. This study carried out for the 1st step to describe the relation between clothing and the human body I aspect to the emvironmental elements of temperature and working part of the body. Observations of skin temperature were taken on young adults female subjects in training wear and the skin temperature was measured onto 9 points of the body while taking part in two physical exercise, with Rawing machine and Bicycle ergometer. The results obtained are as follows; 1. The skin temperature after physical exercise is lower than that after repose. 2. After physical exercise of the lower part of the body, the skin temperature is less than that after physical exercise of the upper part of the body. 3. After physical exercise of the upper part of the body, skin temperature of the lower part of the body rises a little, and vice versa.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.2866-2874
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• 2000

This paper is concerned with the optimum design for external reinforcement of a nuclear reactor pressure vessel(RPV) in a severe accident. During the severe reactor accident of molten core, the temperature and the pressure in the nuclear reactor rise to a certain level depending on the initial and subsequent condition of a severs accident. The reis of the temperature and the internal pressure cause deterioration of the load carrying capacity and could cause failure of the RPV lower head. The deterioration of failure can be mitigated by the external cooling or the reinforcement of the lower head with additional structures. While the external cooling forces the temperature of an RPV to drop to the desired level, the reinforcement of the lower head can attain both the increase of the load carrying capacity and the temperature drop. The reinforcement of the lower head can be optimized to have the maximum effect on the collapse pressure and the temperature at the inner wall. Optimization results are compared to both the result without the reinforcement and the result with the designated reinforcement.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2016

PURPOSES: The behavior of a concrete pavement in a tunnel was investigated, based on temperature data obtained from the field and FEM analysis. METHODS: The concrete pavement in a tunnel was evaluated via two methods. First, temperature data was collected in air and inside the concrete pavement both outside and inside the tunnel. Second, FEM analysis was used to evaluate the stress condition associated with the slab thickness, joint spacing, dowel, and rock foundation, based on temperature data from the field. RESULTS : Temperature monitoring revealed that the temperature change in the tunnel was lower and more stable than that outside the tunnel. Furthermore, the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the slab was lower inside the tunnel than outside. FEM analysis showed that, in many cases, the stress in the concrete pavement in the tunnel was lower than that outside the tunnel. CONCLUSIONS : Temperature monitoring and the behavior of the concrete pavement in the tunnel revealed that, from an environmental point of view, the condition in the tunnel is advantageous to that outside the tunnel. The behavior in the tunnel was significantly less extreme, and therefore the concrete pavement in the tunnel could be designed more economically, than that outside the tunnel.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1116-1122
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• 2009

냉동냉장창고 내 열부하 감소를 위한 유압 구동식 냉각기의 특성을 실험적으로 평가한 결과 고내 온도강하에 있어서 초기에는 급격하게 이루어지고, 설정온도가 낮아질수록 온도 강하율은 적게 나타났다. 기존 전기 구동식과 비교한 결과 유압식이 더 빠른 온도 강하율과 냉동기 운전시간이 짧게 나타나 실제냉동창고의 경우, 입고 물품의 품질저하 방지 및 전력 절감에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 그리고 고내 설정온도가 낮을수록 소비동력은 급격히 증가하였고, 유압식이 더 적은 동력을 소비하는 것으로 나타났으며, 두 방식 모두 설정온도에 도달함에 따라 성능계수는 지속적으로 저하하였고, 유압식이 최대 25%정도 높게 나타났다. 고내 온도유지에 있어서는 설정온도가 낮을수록 냉동기의 운전 횟수가 적고, 운전시간이 길어 소비동력이 많아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 유압식이 약 21~25%정도 적게 나타났다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.339-347
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• 1994

In this study the physiological significance of the upper and lower body on thermoregulation and sensation are examined. Experiments were carried out on 4 females in a climatic chamber conditioned at $25\pm1^{circ}C, 50\pm5%$ R.H.. Before the measurements, subjects were exposed to 3 types of enviromental temperature: 1) $25\pm1^{\circ}C$ for 60 min.(ST), 2) $25^{\circ}C$\rightarrow35^{circ}C\rightarrow25^{\circ}C$ for about 40 min.(HT), 3) $25^{\circ}C$\rightarrow15^{circ}C\rightarrow25^{\circ}C$ for about 40 min.(LT) covering the upper body (U) or lower body (L) with garments. 1) $T_{re}$ was significantly higher in L than in U only in 57 condition. $T_{sk}$ and Temp. under the clothing were higher in U than in L in all three conditions. Thermal sensation was warmer in U than in L, and comport sensation was most comfortable in HT condition. 2) When the upper or lower body was covered or exposed, the mean skin temperature of the upper body was higher than that of the lower body. Following covering and uncovering the same area, the changes in skin temperature were greater in the upper body than in lower body, and covering the upper body produced a greater difference of skin temperature between body and lower body than covering the lower body. 3) In all environmental conditions, when the upper body was uncovered, the skin temperatures of the chest, upper arms and forearms dropped to a considerable degree, and when the lower body was uncovered, skin temperatures of the legs showed the same pattern. On the other hand, skin temperature of the thinghs showed only little change in all cases except forehead and back uncovered or covered in two clothing types.