• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.527-540
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• 2020

Donkey in China is well known for its draft purpose and transportation; however, donkey meat has attracted more and more consumers in recent years, yet it lacks sufficient information on its flavor components compared to other main meats. Therefore, in this study, volatile flavor compounds in neck meat of donkey, swine, bovine, and sheep were classified by electronic nose, then confirmed and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography were used to quantify free fatty acid, amino acid, and flavor nucleotide. A total of 73 volatile compounds were identified, and aldehydes were identified as the characteristic flavor compounds in neck meat of donkey, bovine, swine and sheep in proportion of 76.39%, 46.62%, 31.64%, and 35.83%, respectively. Particularly, hexanal was the most abundant volatile flavor. Compared with other neck meat, much higher unsaturated free fatty acids were present in donkeys. Furthermore, neck meat of donkeys showed essential amino acid with highest content. Thus, special flavor and nutrition in donkey neck meat make it probably a candidate for consumers in other regions besides Asia.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2020

Purpose: Obese children may often present with advanced bone age. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between factors associated with childhood obesity and advanced bone age. Methods: We enrolled 232 overweight or obese children. Anthropometric and laboratory data, and the degree of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were measured. We analyzed factors associated with advanced bone age by measuring the differences between bone and chronological ages. Results: The normal and advanced bone age groups were comprised of 183 (78.9%) and 49 (21.1%) children, respectively. The prevalence of advanced bone age significantly increased as the percentiles of height, weight, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) increased. BMI z-score was higher in the advanced bone age group than in the normal bone age group (2.43±0.52 vs. 2.10±0.46; p<0.001). The levels of insulin (27.80±26.13 μU/mL vs. 18.65±12.33 μU/mL; p=0.034) and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (6.56±6.18 vs. 4.43±2.93; p=0.037) were significantly higher, while high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were lower (43.88±9.98 mg/dL vs. 48.95±10.50 mg/dL; p=0.005) in the advanced bone age group compared to those in the normal bone age group, respectively. The prevalence of advanced bone age was higher in obese children with metabolic syndrome than in those without (28.2% vs. 14.7%; p=0.016). The prevalence of advanced bone age was higher in obese children with a more severe degree of NAFLD. Conclusion: Advanced bone age is associated with a severe degree of obesity and its complications.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1386-1392
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• 2018

Cispatin has become one of the most widely used anticancer drugs for decades. One of the drawback of cisplatin (II) complex is that it not only targets cancerous cells but also normal cells causing several serious side effects in patients. We have synthesized Pt(IV) complex that are needed to have the ability to kill target cells selectively in a short time before drug resistance develops. By introducing PDK inhibitor, butyric acid and valproic acid, on Pt complex, two fusion anti-cancer agents 3 and 4 have been synthesized and characterized their structures by nmr and mass spectrometer. MTT assay was performed with $Pt(IV)-Bu_2$ 3 and $Pt(IV)-Val_2$ 4 against MCF-7 cell line. As a result, cisplatin, Pt(IV) complexes 3 and 4 were treated, cell viabilities at $50{\mu}M$ cencentration were decreased to 39%, 54% and 84% respectively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.799-809
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• 2018

This study was performed to compare the physicochemical characteristics between imported dry-cured Hams from black and white pigs available in the domestic market. The black dry-cured hams contain higher moisture and ash contents than that of white hams, whereas the black dry-cured hams had lower fat contents than that of the black ones (p < 0.05). The hams from black ones had lower lightness ($L^*$) and yellowness ($b^*$) values than those from the white ones (p < 0.05). Moreover, the pH values and salt contents of the hams from the black ones were higher than those from the white ones (p < 0.05). Moreover, the black ones had a higher water holding capacity (WHC) than that of the white ones (p < 0.05). The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values of the black ones were lower than those of the white ham samples (p < 0.05). For texture profile analysis, hardness, gumminess, chewiness, cohesiveness and shear force values were significantly lower in the black ones than in the white samples (p < 0.05). Saturated fatty acids in the white ones were higher than in the black ones, whereas unsaturated fatty acids in the black ones were higher (p < 0.05). Free amino acids such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid in the black ones were higher than in the white ones (p < 0.05). The shrinkage of muscle fiber was stronger in the white ones. Considering the meat quality parameters of ham, the black ones showed a superior meat quality. In general, this research can be used as fundamental information for the mass production of dry-cured hams in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.232-232
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• 2022

We reported in our recent studies that the combined treatment of Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84^T (DCY84^T) and Silicon (Si) promotes initial plant growth and increases resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. To understand the molecular background of these phenotypes, Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was performed, and it was confirmed that unsaturated fatty acid metabolites such as oleic acid and linoleic acid decreased in response to the combined treatment of DCY84^T and Si. The stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase (SACPD) introduces the cis double bond into the acyl-ACPs at C9, resulting in the production of unsaturated fatty acid. We identified OsSSI2 encoding SACPD in rice and found that the expression of OsSSI2 was reduced under DCY84^T and Si treatment. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of OsWRKY45, which is downstream of OsSSI2, was upregulated in response to DCY84^T and Si treatment. These results enable the speculation that activation of the salicylic acid (SA)-responsive gene, OsWRKY45, may contribute to enhancing biological stress resistance. Based on this, we propose a probable model for the rice defense pathway following DCY84^T and Si treatment. This model retains a WRKY45-dependent but NH1(NPR1)-independent SA signaling pathway.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.323-331
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• 2005

Fatty acid compositions of the seed oils of P. schinseng, A. continentalis and A. sessiliflorus, were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a capillary column. A large unusual peak was observed just before the peak corresponding to oleic acid $(cis-9-C_{18:1})$. This unknown fatty acid was isolated by silver ion chromatography and then derivatized into the picolinyl ester. The mass spectrum of the picolinyl ester showed molecular ion at m/z=373 with other diagnostic ions such as m/z=178, 218, 232, 246, 274, 288, 302 and 344. Characteristic absorption peaks at $720\;cm^{-1}$, $1640\;cm^{-1}$ and $3010\;cm^{-1}$ in IR spectrum indicated the presence of cis-configurational double bond in the molecule. The $^1H-NMR$ spectrum of this acid gave two quintets centered at ${\delta}1.638$ (2H, C-3) and ${\delta}1.377$ (2H, C-4), and two multiplets centered at ${\delta}2.022{\sim}2.047$ (2H, C-5) and ${\delta}2.000{\sim}2.022$ (2H, C-8), and multiplet signals of olefinic protons centered at ${\delta}5.3015{\sim}5.3426$ (C-6, J=9.5 Hz) and ${\delta}\;5.3465{\sim}5.3877$ (C-7, J=9.5 Hz). The $^13C-NMR$ spectrum showed 18 carbon resonance signals including an overlapped signal at ${\delta}29.7002$ for C-12 and ${\delta}29.6520$ for C-13 (or they can be reversed), and other highly resolved signals at ${\delta}33.950$, ${\delta}24.558$, ${\delta}26.773$ and ${\delta}27.205$ due to C-2, C-3, C-5 and C-8 of a ${\Delta}^6-octadecenoic$ acid, respectively. From analysis results this unknown fatty acid could be identified as cis-6-octadecenoic acid. The seed oils of P. schinseng and A. sessiliflorus contained petroselinic acid (59.7%, 56.0%), oleic acid (18.3%, 6.1%) and linoleic acid (16.2%, 30.4%) with small amount of palmitic acid (3.0%, 3.1%) while the seed oil of A. continentalis comprised mainly oleic acid (30.2%), petroselinic acid (29.0%), linoleic acid (24.1%) and palmitic acid (13.1%).

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.96-107
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• 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the fatty acid composition, antioxidant activity, and the content of two major phenolic acids, caffeic and rosmarinic acids, of 45 Perilla accessions collected from Russia. Methods and Results: A total of 45 accessions of the genus Perilla were used in this study. The antioxidant activities of these accessions were analyzed using a spectrophotometer, and their caffeic and rosmarinic acid contents were determined using a reversed-phase ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system. The Perilla seed oil was recovered using hexane in a soxhlet extraction method. The fatty acid compositions were analyzed using a Shimadzu QP2010 gas chromatography-mass spectoroscopy system. The results showed that accessions IT226732 and IT274300 had the highest content of caffeic and rosmarinic acid, respectively. A cluster analysis based on antioxidant assay results and concentration of phenolic acids led to the categorization of Perilla accessions into three major groups. The accessions in Group I were characterized by higher caffeic and rosmarinic acid content and antioxidant activity, compared to the accessions in the other two groups (p < 0.05). The total oil content ranged between 28.39 and 46.89%. The compositions of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid ranged from 11.83 to 19.55%, 11.92 to 16.71%, and 59.19 to 67.28%, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that accessions IT274300, IT226732, IT274293, IT235818, and IT235820 could be used as a source of functional materials.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.356-360
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• 2009

Purpose: Lipofibromatous Hamartoma(LFH) of nerve is a tumor - like lipomatous process principally involving the young persons. This is rare disease characterized by a soft slowly growing mass surrounding and infiltrating major nerves and their branches of the palm and digits. LFH of nerve usually affects the median nerve, with the most common sites of presentation being the distal forearm and hand in the wrist or palm. It may cause symptoms of compression neuropathy and is associated with macrodactyly. Recently, MRI plays a major role in confirming the diagnosis of LFH. Therefore, we present two cases of LFH in the hand with MRI features and surgical management. Methods: One is 6 - years - old female who presented with macrodactyly involving both the soft tissue and bony parts of the second, third and forth digits of her right hand. The other one is 16 - years - old man who presented involving the soft tissue of the second and third digits of his right hand, with pain and numbness, along with motor and sensory deficits in the median nerve distribution. To evaluation about LFH, we enforced preoperative MRI and physical examination. After confirming the diagnosis of LFH, we proposed decompression of all compromised peripheral nerve to help alleviate pain and paresthesia to reduce the likelihood of permanent motor and sensory sequelae. Results: A characteristic feature on MRI is the appearance of serpentiform nerve fascicle surrounded by fibro - fatty tissue within the expended nerve sheet. Distribution of fat between fascicles is asymmetric. Two cases were treated by limited debulking of the redundant tumor tissue and excision of epineurial fatty tissue. These cases were performed with relief of symptom. Conclusion: MRI not only confirms the diagnosis, it also provides a detailed assessment of nerve involvement preoperatively. Especially, on coronal images, the nerve has a spagetti - like appearance that is pathognomonic of LFH. Recommendations for early treatment include decompression of the carpal tunnel, debulking of the fibro - fatty sheath, microsurgical dissection of the neural elements and excision of involve nerve with or without grafting.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2002

Recently interests on raw-food diets are rapidly increasing in relation to chronic diseases prevention in Korea, but studies on raw-food diets have been hardly performed by nutritionists. This study was performed to investigate the effects of low-calorie diets using a raw-food formula in the form of freeze-dried powder on obesity and its complications in the obese women (body mass index (BMI) $\geq$ 25kg/㎡) for eight weeks. Forty premenopausal women (mean BMI 28.04kg/㎡, mean age 28.33years old) participated in this diet intervention, and were controlled by eating 1 regular meal, 1-2 snacks and 2 raw-food formula (140kcal/pack) meals a day within the 1500-1300kcal ranges. Anthropo-mentric measurements, body compositions, physical exercise, and obesity-related risk factors were assessed before (the initial), during (the 4th week) and after (the 8th week) the study. All the data was analyzed by paired t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, and nonparametric rank test at p<0.05 level. Obesity was significantly increased during this study, and it was decreased in weight (-4.59%, p<0.000), BMI (-4.56%, p<0.000), body fat percent (-6.18%, p<0.000), fat mass (-10.19%, p<0.000), waist and hip circumferences(-5.69%, p<0.000 and -2.55%, p<0.000) and WHR (-3.24%, p<0.000). Energy expenditure of physical exercise was increased as much as 70kca1/day during the study (p=0.000), but it did not have any correlations with weight loss and changes of body compositions. Biochemical measurements including blood triglyceride(p <0.006) and leptin(p<0.000) levels were significantly decreased, LDL cholesterol level was increased(p<0.05), but all the blood lipid levels were in the normal ranges. Fatty liver echogenicity and menstrual irregularity were improved after the diet intervention(p<0.000 and p<0.034). In conclusion, this B-week low-calorie diet intervention using raw-food formula was effective for obese premenopausal women in reducing obesity and its risk factors so as not to proceed towards comorbidities. However, the variation of blood lipid levels should be observed for a longer Period.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.105-118
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• 2006

Isolation and Identification of fatty acid and volatile compounds in tuna fish oil were successfully carried out using supercritical carbon dioxide. Samples of the oil were extracted in a 56 ml semi-batch stainless steel vessel under conditions which ranged from 80 to 200 bar and 40 to $60^{\circ}C$ with carbon dioxide flows from 10 ml/min. Volatiles in the oil extracted from the samples with supercritical carbon dioxide were analyzed by gas chromatography, mass detector with canister system. The extracts were contained with various fatty acids, 57.0% of unsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA), and 43.0% of saturated fatty acids. The aroma compounds in the oil showed over 129 peaks, of which 100 compounds were identified. Volatile components included 2,4-hepatadienal(fishy), dimethyldisulfide (unpleasant), dimethyltrisulfide (unpleasant) and 2-nonenal(fatty). The isolation efficiency of the volatile compounds from the samples was 99.4% at $50^{\circ}C$ and 200 bar.