• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.160-166
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• 2000

The present study examined influence of various ischemic duration on extent of focal ischemic brain injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. The MCAO was produced by insertion of a 17 mm silicone-coated 4-0 nylon surgical thread to the origin of MCA through the internal carotid artery for 30, 60, 90, 120 min (transient) or 24 hr (permanent) in male Sprague-Dawley rats under isoflurane anesthesia. Reperfusion in transient MCAO models was achieved by pulling the thread out of the internal carotid artery. Only rats showing neurological deficits characterized by left hemiparesis and/or circling to the left, were included in cerebral ischemic groups. The rats were sacrificed 24 hr after MCAO and seven serial coronal slices of the brain were stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Infarct size was measured using a computerized image analyzer. Ischemic damage was common in the frontoparietal cortex (somatosensory area) and the lateral segment of the striatum while damage to the medial segment of the striatum depended on the duration of the occlusion. In the 30-min MCAO grouts, however, infarcted region was primarily confined to the striatum and it was difficult to clearly delineate the region since there was mixed population of live and dead cells in the nucleus. Infarct volume was generally increased depending on the duration of MCAO, showing the most severe damage in the permanent MCAO group. However, there was no significant difference in infarct size between the 90-min and 120-min MCAO groups. % Edema also tended to increase depending on the duration of MCAO. The results suggest that the various focal ischemic rat models established in the present study can be used to evaluate in vivo neuroprotective activities of candidate compounds or to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic neuronal cell death.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2006

It is revealed that these are correlated with the height of chamber deciding the turbulence extent. In the first experiment, It was examined about the effects of different multiple obstacles such as circular, triangular and square things with the rig that the dimension of original experimental rig was $700{\times}700{\times}200mm{\wedge}3$. Then the heights of chamber were increased from 200 to 1000mm. The dimensions of each obstacle were $70{\times}700{\times}{\wedge}2$ and rectangular vent area were $210{\times}700{\times}{\wedge}2$. In the second one, we performed to see the effects of locations of different multiple obstacles in 200, 500 and 800mm height from the bottom. The results are : The multiple triangular obstacles caused the highest overpressure while the lowest one was the multiple circle bars. Then, the triangular bars caused the highest flame acceleration while the circular obstacles was lowest too. The results showed that the critical height was 800mm due to the formation of turbulence. And the lesser $Av/V^{2/3}$ were small, the more pressure and pressure acceleration rate were increased.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2017

Prangos fedtschenkoi (Regel et Schmalh.) Korovin (Apiaceae) is an endemic species for mountainous Middle Asia, which is both a rare and useful plant. Organic extractions from this species are being used in pharmaceutics and cosmetology. In recent years, P. fedtschenkoi distribution area has considerably decreased, presumably, resulting from human activities such as agriculture, construction works, overgrazing and collection from wild for pharmaceutic purposes. Six populations were found in Uzbekistan and their genetic divergence and differentiation were studied with 10 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers, selected out of 101. Totally 166 amplified ISSR fragments (loci) were revealed, of which 164 were polymorphic. Relatively moderate level of polymorphism was found at population level with polymorphic bands ranging from 27.71% to 47.59%. Mean P = 39.05%, $N_a=1.40$, $N_e=1.25$, S.I. = 0.21, and $H_e=0.14$ were revealed for all loci across six populations. AMOVA showed higher variation among populations (62%) than within them (38%). The Bayesian model determined 5 clusters, or genetic groups. The posteriori distribution of the Theta II estimator detected full model identifying high inbreeding, intensified by low gene flow (Nm = 0.3954). Mantel test confined population 6 as distinct cluster corresponding to geographic remoteness (R = 0.5137, $p{\leq}0.005$). Results were used as the bases for developing conserve measures to restore populations.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.299-315
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• 2001

Application of membranes for guided tissue regeneration(GTR) have been confined to the subgingival barrier functions; however, many studies have provided evidence that some drugs, including tetracycline, initially can promote the growth of periodontal ligament or alveolar bone in peridontal therapy. Osseous regeneration in periodontal defects is increased by local administration of tetracycline due to its anti-collagenolytic effect, which enhances bone-forming ability via osteoblast cell chemotaxis and reduced bone resorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of tetracycline loaded poly-L-lactide(PLLA) barrier membranes for guided bone regenerative potential. Tetracycline was incorporated into the PLLA membrane with the ratio 10% to PLLA by weight. Ability to guided bone regeneration of the membranes were tested by measuring new bone in the tibial defects($7{\times}10{\times}5\;mm^3$) of the beagle dog for 4,5, and 6 weeks. In control, drug-unloaded PLLA membranes were used in same size of defect. In histologic finding of the defect area, a few inflammatory cells were observed in both groups. These membrane were not perforated by connective tissue and maintained their mechanical integrity for the barrier function for 4-6 weeks. New bone formation was greater in defects covered by tetracycline-loaded membrane than in defects covered by drug- unloaded membranes. In bone regeneration guiding potential test, tetracycline-loaded membrane was more effective than drug- unloaded membranes(p<0.05). These results suggest that tetracycline-loaded PLLA membranes potentially enhance guided bone regenerative efficacy and might be a useful barrier for GTR in periodontal treatment.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.12-28
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• 2023

Each national groundwater monitoring well showed distinct change patterns in groundwater levels and electrical conductivity (EC) in the Nakdong River Estuary, implying different external forces (EFs) on each well. According to the annual average data in 1997-2020, seawater was invaded into Well C. The desalination rate of -1,062 µS/cm/year represents the adaptive capacity of the well to seawater intrusion. The water levels and EC in Well E responded to precipitation, indicating the low absorptive capacity to climate changes. Meanwhile, Well B showed constant increases in water levels, suggesting that problems by rising groundwater should be considered in the study area where confined aquifers are overlaid by clay aquitards. The other wells showed consistent water levels and EC, indicating resilience to EFs. Here, resilience is the capacity of a well to resist changes by EFs, including the absorptive and adaptive capacity. The resilience of Wells E and F to climate changes was quantitatively compared using a resilience cost (RC). The RC showed Well F was more resilient than Well E, and the bedrock aquifer was more resilient than the alluvium aquifer, supporting the usefulness of RC. The resilience assessment against EFs (e.g., changes in land use and climate) helps sustainable groundwater management.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2004

고농도로 오염된 마산만 퇴적물 2.1×10/sup 6/ ㎥ 마산시 가포해역에 투기되었다. 준설토가 투기된 가포해역의 한 조석주기 동안 해수 중금속 농도는 Zn 1.15∼2.59, Cu 1.08∼1.96, Pb ND∼0.42 그리고 Ni 0.57∼1.35 ㎍/l로서 진해만의 평균 농도인 Zn 0.80, Cu 1.02, Pb 0.01 그리고 Ni 0.70 ㎎/l 와 비교할 때 높은 농도이었다. 가포지역 퇴적물 표층의 중금속 오염 수준을 미국 EPA 기준으로 평가한 결과 Non polluted∼Moderately polluted level 이었으며, Adverse Biological Effects 기준으로 평가하였을 때 Cu와 Zn은 ERL∼ERM, Cd, Cr, Pb 그리고 Ni은 ERL 수준이었다. 퇴적층별 중금속 함량은 상층부보다 하층부에서 중금속 농도가 높게 나타났으며 이러한 오염도 분포 경향은 상대적으로 오염도가 낮은 지역의 준설토가 투기지역 퇴적물의 상층부를 형성하고 있기 때문이다. 가포지역에서 채집된 굴에서 Zn 238.96, Cu 5.29, 바지락에서 Zn 17.71, Cu 1.00. 진주담치에서 Zn 187.98, Pb 0.28, Cr 0.15, Mn 4.23, Sr 1.45 그리고 Fe 100.33㎍/g wet wt.이 검출되어 투기장 외부 호안에서 채취된 시료보다 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 그러나 이와 같은 패류의 중금속 측정결과는 국립수산물품질검사원의 정밀검사기준(패류)인 Pb 2.0 및 Cd 2.0 ㎍/g과 비교하였을 때 기준치 이하에 해당하였다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2001

가정에서 일어나는 가장 일반적인 사고 중의 하나는 실내 가연성 가스누출에 의한 폭발 사고이다. 이러한 폭발 사고현장의 분석에 의하면 경우에 따라서 누출가스가 실내를 완전히 연소 하한계의 농도로 채올 수 있는 양보다 매우 작은 가연성 가스 양에 의하여 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 폭발이 일어날 수 있는 최소한의 가스 양은 실내 누출된 가스농도의 불균일한 정도에 의존하게 된다. 일반적으로 메탄과 같은 공기보다 가벼운 가스는 천장에서 축적되는 경향이 있고, 프로판의 경우에는 바닥에 축적되는 경향이 있다 본 논문에서는 매우 작은 양의 가스 누출에서 폭발 위험성 분석을 위한 가우스분포폭발 모델을 제시하였다. 이 모델은 연소한계농도에 기초를 두고, 특정 폭발 압력이 나타날 수 있는 최소한의 가스 누출량을 예측하는데 사용할 수 있다. 가우스모델을 이용하여 분석하면, 가정집에서 누출된 가스의 부피가 실내 부피에 비하여 $0.5\%$ 이하에서도 건물이 붕괴되는 폭발사고가 일어날 수 있다. 본 모델은 가스안전기기 개발을 위한 가스폭발 위험성 분석과 가정집에서 폭발사고 원인조사에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 지질학회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.615-630
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• 2018

분지 해석은 퇴적분지의 형성과 진화를 이해하기 위한 연구 분야로서 여러 종류의 지구과학 자료들을 종합적으로 분석해야 하며, 분지의 시공간적 발달을 입체적으로 구현하기 위해서는 모델링 기술이 적용된다. 분지해석과 모델링 연구를 위해 2016년 MATLAB 기반의 프로그램 BasinVis 1.0이 공개되었으며 최근에는 새로운 기능과 수정된 사용자 인터페이스를 포함한 BasinVis 2.0이 개발되었다. 이 연구에서는 BasinVis 2.0을 이용한 분지 모델링을 소개하기 위해 비엔나 분지의 남부에서 사례 연구를 수행하였다. 이 연구는 BasinVis 1.0을 이용한 비엔나 분지 중북부의 모델링 연구와 함께 앞으로 수행될 비엔나 분지 전지역의 모델링을 위한 예비 연구로서, 연구 지역의 마이오세 퇴적층과 침강 발달을 시공간적으로 구현하였다. 마이오세 초기의 후반 동안 퇴적과 침강은 북동-남서 방향의 주향이동 단층과 안행성 점완 정단층들을 따라 빠르게 나타난다. 하지만 마이오세 중기부터 후기까지 침강은 급격히 감소한다. 이는 인리형 시스템의 발달에 연관하며, 주향이동 분지의 단기간의 빠른 지구조 침강 패턴과 일치한다. 마이오세 중기의 침강은 주로 주향이동 단층을 따라서 나타나는 반면, 마이오세 중기 후반부터는 북-남 방향의 점완 정단층을 따라 저지대로 퇴적 중심지가 이동되었다. 이는 광역적 고응력장이 북동-남서 방향의 횡인장에서 동-서 방향의 인장으로 변화하는 것과 일치한다. 이 연구에서는 다양한 기능과 기법들이 사례 연구에 적용되었으며, 모델링 결과는 BasinVis 2.0이 분지 모델링 연구에 효과적으로 적용 가능함을 보여준다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.185-197
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• 1999

In the family life cycle, the most important task the families with school children should perform is ‘child education’ and ‘socialization’ However, economic stress on poor families with school children presents multiple problems through the shortage of resources necessary for child education and socialization, inappropriateness of family appraisal, and the insufficiency of the control channels for the efficient management of these confined resources and appropriate appraisal. The objectives of this article are : First, to report research on the actual conditions of the poor families in one area of Cheju and on the relevant health welfare policy, and to examine the appropriateness of the direction and the substance of this policy in terms of the intervention in economic stress on the poor families under the categories of resource management and control of appraisal. Second, to analyze qualitative data extracted from the memoirs of single-parent families living in several areas of Korea under the conceptual framework constructed by literature review in order to get a better understanding of the stress which poor families with school children have experienced. And third, to confirm the factors that can be risk factor but, at the same time, strength to these poor families from presented data and to use them as the basic data from which an intervention model can be developed, based on resource management and control of appraisal. The findings of this article are : First, while the number of absolute poor families in one area of Cheju is increasing and, as a result, the danger of the possibility that multiple problems will occur is also growing, the supporting level of the current policy is no more than a direct resource offer and there is no evidence that resource management is being professionally carried out. When it comes to control of appraisal, due to absence of the professional human resources in this matter, policy performances such as technical education training can have a negative impact. Second, a conceptual framework introduced in this article, ; Economic Pressure → Helplessness → Poor self-esteem → Marital Conflict → Parent-Child financial conflict → Inappropriate socialization → Poor child social competence : is partly verified. And third, judging from the results of the qualitative data, it is confirmed that the healing families, having overcome poverty, show several positive characteristics including : hope, strength, and social support. These findings are identified with the factors of resiliency considered above. According to these results, this article suggests the following. The anti -poverty policy in the future should focus not only on a direct resource offer but also on resource management and the control of appraisal that can magnify its effects. In particular, close attention should be paid to school children since they are in the most crucial period for socialization. Moreover, an emotional labor is such an essential resource for intervention that skilled nurses should play pivotal roles.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2017

In addition to its typical use for skin rejuvenation, fractional laser irradiation of early cancerous lesions may reduce the risk of tumor development as a byproduct of wound healing in the stroma after the controlled injury. While fractional ablative lasers are commonly used for cosmetic/aesthetic purposes (e.g., photorejuvenation, hair removal, and scar reduction), we propose a novel use of such laser treatments as a stromal treatment to delay tumorigenesis and suppress carcinogenesis. In this study, we found that non-ablative fractional laser (NAFL) irradiation may have a possible suppressive effect on early tumor growth in syngeneic mouse tumor models. We included two syngeneic mouse tumor models in irradiation groups and control groups. In the irradiation group, a thulium fiber based NAFL at 1927 nm was used to irradiate the skin area including the tumor injection region with 70 mJ/spot, while no laser irradiation was applied to the control group. Numerical simulation with the same experimental condition showed that thermal damage was confined only to the irradiation spots, sparing the adjacent tissue area. The irradiation groups of both tumor models showed smaller tumor volumes than the control group at an early tumor growth stage. We also detected elevated inflammatory cytokine levels a day after the NAFL irradiation. NAFL treatment of the stromal tissue could potentially be an alternative anticancer therapeutic modality for early tumorigenesis in a minimally invasive manner.