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Hepatoprotective Effects of Curcumin Against Diethyl Nitrosamine Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats

  • Kadasa, Naif Mohammed;Abdallah, Haytham;Afifi, Mohamed;Gowayed, Salah
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.103-108
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    • 2015
  • Curcumin is widely used as a traditional medicine. This work was aimed to investigate its possible protective effect against chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. Fifty male albino rats were divided into five groups (n=10, each). The control group received a single dose of normal saline, the diethylnitrosamine (DENA) group received a single intra-peritoneal dose at 200mg/kg body weight, and the 3rd, 4th and 5th groups were given DENA and daily administrated curcunine (CUR) via intra-gastric intubation in doses of 300, 200 and 100 mg/kg b.wt. respectively for 20 weeks. Serum, and liver samples were used for determination of alpha feto-protein (AFP), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukine-6 (IL-6), serum liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP and GGT) levels as well the activities and gene expression of glutathione peroxidise (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and super oxide dismutase (SOD). Curcumin significantly lowered the serum levels of AFP, IL-2 and IL-6, ALT, ALT, and malondialdehyde (MDA) as well gene expression of IL-2 and IL-6. In contrast it increased the gene expression and activities of Gpx, GRD, CAT and SOD. The protective effect of CUR against DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in albino rats was proven.

Inhibition of HIV-1 Replication by the Water-soluble Extract Mixture of Ricini Semen and Coptidis Rhizoma

  • Kim, Kyong-Tai;Park, Se-Young;Hong, Eun-Kyung;Han, Yong-Bok;Kim, Jong-Bae
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.210-216
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    • 1995
  • Partially purified water-soluble extract mixture from Ricini and Coptidis (named as RIC) showed to be a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) replication. RIC was evaluated for in vitro anti-HIV activity using SupTl and H9 cells infected by a recombinant virus (pSVCAT) containing chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene substituted for nef gene in the HIV-1 genome. RIC inhibited syncytiaformation of SupTl cells with a half maximal effective concentration, $IC_{50}$/, of 2.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mι and showed marked inhibition of CAT activity in the infected H9 cells and also suppressed reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in the supernatant of the infected H9 culture. However, RIC did not inhibit the activity of reverse transcriptase directly when it was mixed with the enzyme or with viral particles. Berberine, one of components of RIC, also showed similar anti-HIV activity as RIC did. The data suggest that there are active ingredients which mediate anti-HIV activity in RIC.

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Hepatoprotective Effect of Stamen Extracts of Mesua ferrea L. against Oxidative Stress induced by $CCl_4$ in Liver Slice Culture Model

  • Rajopadhye, Anagha A.;Upadhye, Anuradha S.
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.76-82
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    • 2012
  • Stamens of Mesua ferrea L. are a well-known herbal drug used in Indian System of Traditional Medicine to treat various diseases. The claimed activity of this plant part is necessitated to investigate antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. Authenticated plant sample was extracted with hexane, ethanol (EtOH) and water (aq.) using ASE 100 accelerated solvent extractor. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by means of different in vitro assays. Hepatoprotective effect was investigated on carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in liver slice culture model. Cytotoxic marker lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released in culture medium and the activity of lipid peroxidation along with antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) were estimated. Hexane and EtOH extracts were significantly inhibited DPPH, NO, SOD and $ABTS^+$ radical in dose dependent manner. The trade of phenol content was: aq. extract < hexane extract < EtOH extract. A significant correlation was shown by total phenol content and free radical scavenging activity of extracts. The culture system treated with hexane extract, EtOH extract or ascorbic acid exhibited significant depletion in LDH, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzymes SOD, CAT and GR. Hexane extract and EtOH extracts of stamen of M. ferrea protected liver slice culture cells by alleviating oxidative stress induced damage to liver cells.

Photoprotective Potential of Anthocyanins Isolated from Acanthopanax divaricatus Var. albeofructus Fruits against UV Irradiation in Human Dermal Fibroblast Cells

  • Lyu, Su-Yun;Park, Won-Bong
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.201-206
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    • 2012
  • Ultraviolet (UV) A penetrates deeply into the skin and induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing damage to fibroblasts, which leads to aging of the skin. However, the body has developed an antioxidant defence system against the harmful effects of ROS. Enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) play critical roles on the removal of excess ROS in living organisms. In this study, the antioxidant activities of anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-galactoside and cyanidin 3-lathyroside) from Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus (ADA) fruits were investigated by xylenol orange, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and antioxidant enzyme assay. As a result, generation of $H_2O_2$ and lipid peroxide induced by UVA-irradiation in human dermal fibroblast (HDF-N) cells was reduced by treatment of anthocyanins. Also, augmented enzyme (SOD and CAT) activities were observed in UVA-irradiated cells when treated with anthocyanin. In conclusion, the results obtained show that anthocyanins from ADA fruits are potential candidates for the protection of fibroblast against the damaging effects of UVA irradiation. Furthermore, anthocyanin may be a good candidate for antioxidant agent development.

Differential Activation of Arabidopsis Cab Promoters during Greening of Transgenic Tobacco Shoots (형질전환된 담배 어린 싹의 녹화과정 중 Arabidopsis Cab 프로모터의 활성 차이)

  • 이춘환
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.267-273
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    • 1993
  • Promoters of the chlorophyll a/b bidning protein genes, cab1, and cab2, of Arabidopsis thaliana were studied for their functions in differential expression during greening of etiolated shoots. The etiolated shoots were derived from leaves of transgenic tobacco plants with the cab-CAT (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) translational fusions, and CAT activity was measured to monitor the activities of the cab promoters. Cab1 promoter activity increased rapidly and showed saturation after about 24 hours of greening, but that of cab2 increased with about 2 day-lag period and showed saturation after 6 days. Cab1 promoter activity was more sensitive to levulinic acid (LA) compared with cab2 activity. Cab2 promoter activity was inhibited more sensitively by chloramphynicol (CAP) than by inhibitors of Chl formation. Cab1 promoter activity was, however, inhibited less sensitively by CAP than by LA. The treatment of abscisic acid (ABA) did not block Chl synthesis so significantly as LA treatment did, and cab2 promoter activity was much less sensitive to ABA compared with that of cab1. These results suggest that cab1 expression is strongly related with Chl formation, possibly with $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid accumulation, and cab2 expression is suppressed more by the blockage of translation of Chl a-apoproteins than by the blockage of Chl a accumulation.

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Uterine Adenomyosis in a Cat (고양이의 자궁샘근육증)

  • Hur, Hyung-Moon;Jung, Ji-Youl;Kang, Sang-Chul;Park, Dae-Sik;Bae, Jong-Hee;Kim, Jae-Hoon
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.19-22
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    • 2008
  • Adenomyosis is a nonneoplastic proliforation of uterine glands characterized by multicentric infiltration of endometrial tissues into the myometrium. A female domestic short hair cat with unknown age was referred to local animal hospital in Busan for ovariohysterectomy to prevent the unwanted offspring. At the time of surgery, the uterus was enlarged with multiple nodular protrusion on the serosa. On the cut surface of uterus, elevation of the endometrium and hypertrophied myometrium were observed. Microscopically, the uterus was characterized by severe proliforation of endometrial glands into the lumen and within the myometrium. The intra-myometrial endometrium is circumferentially surrounded by bundles of hypertrophic smooth muscle cells. These endometrial glands had tall columnar epithelium lacking nuclear atypia and mitoses. In our best knowledge, this is the first report of feline adenomyosis in Korea.

A Study on Multi_Kerberos Authentication Mechanism based on Certificate (인증서기반의 Multi_Kerberos 인증시스템에 관한 연구)

  • Shin, Kwang-Cheul;Cho, Sung-Je
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.57-66
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    • 2006
  • In this paper. proposes Multi_Kerberos certification mechanism that improve certification service of based on PKINIT that made public in IETF CAT Working Group. This paper proposed to a certificate other realm because search position of outside realm through DNS and apply X.509 directory certification system, to get public key from DNS server by chain (CertPath) between realms by certification and key exchange way that provide service between realms applying X.509, DS/DNS of based on PKINIT, in order to provide regional services. This paper proposed mechanism that support efficient certification service about cross realm including key management. the path generation and construction of Certificate using Validation Server, and recovery of Session Key. A Design of Multi_Kerberos system that have effects simplify of certification formality that reduce procedures on communication.

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Development of Portable IoT Device for Lifesaving (인명 구조용 휴대형 IoT 단말기 개발)

  • Ryu, Dae-Hyun;Choi, Tae-Wan
    • The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.883-888
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    • 2022
  • In this paper, we developed a portable IoT device for lifesaving and a web service prototype based on the device and evaluated its functions. The portable IoT terminal for lifesaving is designed for easy to carry, and to communicate possibly between user by LTE Cat. M1 modem which is a low-power broadband IoT communication technology. So, in case of emergency, it is possible to give priority to nearby users and to determine the exact location with built-in GPS. In the future, it will be designed to enable rescue requests in various ways, such as button signals, voice, and acceleration changes.

Protective Effects of Succinic Acid of Succiniter against Liver Toxicity (간 독성에 대한 보석 호박 호박산의 간 보호 효과)

  • Kim, Hong-Bi;Ha, Bae-Jin
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.27 no.8
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    • pp.896-901
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    • 2017
  • This study was performed to investigate the protective effects of succinic acid of Succiniter against carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. After an adaptation period of one week, Sprague-Dawley rats were administered succinic acid of Succiniter at 200 mg/kg every day for 21 days. Then $CCl_4$ (3.3 ml/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into rats of the other groups except the normal group, five hours after the last treatment of succinic acid of Succiniter on day 21. The succinic acid-treated group showed 93.20% and 88.76% of inhibitory effects in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, respectively, compared with the $CCl_4-treated$ group. The succinic acid-treated group showed inhibition of malonedialdehyde (MDA) by 85.17% compared with the $CCl_4-treated$ group. The succinic acid-treated group in liver homogenate promoted effects of 38.65% and 47.99% in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), respectively, compared with the $CCl_4-treated$ group. In conclusion, the AST and ALT activities of the succinic acid-treated group were both decreased compared with the $CCl_4-treated$ group. The MDA level of the succinic acid-treated group was decreased compared with the $CCl_4-treated$ group. However, the SOD and CAT levels of the succinic acid-treated group in liver homogenate were both increased compared with the $CCl_4-treated$ group. Also, histological examinations showed that the liver cell necrosis and centrilobular congestion aggregation induced by $CCl_4$ were clearly eliminated by treatment with succinic acid of Succiniter. These results suggest that succinic acid of Succiniter has a protective effect against liver damage and could be used in the development of the appropriate drug.

Change in Polyphenol Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Antioxidant Enzyme Status of Cowpea During Germination (동부 발아기간 중 폴리페놀 함량, 항산화성 및 항산화효소 활성 변이)

  • Chon, Sang-Uk
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.60-67
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    • 2013
  • A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the content of phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant activity and antioxidant enzyme activity for the extracts from cowpea seed and sprouts. Plant length and weight of cowpea sprouts were significantly increased until 7 days after seeding. Total phenolics level [mg chlorogenic acid equivalents (CAE) $kg^{-1}$ DW] was highest in dry seed (DS) extracts of cowpea ($63.9mg\;kg^{-1}$), followed by imbibed seed (IS) ($56.8mg\;kg^{-1}$) and 1-day-old sprout (1DOS) extracts ($46.4mg\;kg^{-1}$), and significantly reduced with increase of sprout age (p < 0.05). The antioxidant activity of the methanol extracts from all the samples showed same tendency to the results of total phenolics level, and dose-dependently increased. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical) free radical scavenging activity was higher in DS (87.3%) and IS (41.2%) than in cowpea sprouts from 1DOS to 7DOS, ranging from 17.1 to 30.4%. Antioxidant enzymes, APX, POX, and POX activities were highest in 7DOS and lowest in DS. SOD activity showed much higher activity in sprouts and in seeds. Correlation coefficient between physiological-active substance and the activity was highest between APX and CAT activities ($r^2$= 0.9574). Especially, total phenolics content was more highly correlated with antioxidant or with antioxidant enzyme activities than was total flavonoid level.