• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.367-385
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• 1988

In case of skeletal Class III malocclusion with underdeveloped maxilla, the extraoral orthopedic force for the stimulation of maxillary growth or anterior reposition of the maxilla has been used clinically for the improvement of facial skeletal relationship. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the initial reaction of maxillofacial complex to the maxillary protraction by using extraoral orthopedic force. The dried human skull was used and this investigation was done by means of double exposure holographic interferometry. The protraction forces placed on the canine or the first molar were parallel, $10^{\circ}$ downward, $20^{\circ}$ downward to the occlusal plane. Fringe pattern of each protraction condition was compared and analized. The results were as follows: 1. Each maxillofacial bone displaced saparately. 2. More displacement was shown at the area of the teeth and the alveolar bone. 3. A counterclockwise rotation of the maxilla wa decreased by downward protraction and especially 20 degree downward protraction from the canine showed least rotation. 4. On the zygomatic arch, outward bend was observed and this effect was decreased by downward protraction. 5. On the zygomatic bone, the counter clockwise rotation was increased by the downward protraction. 6. When maxillary expansion was applied at the same time, outward and upward displacement with counterclockwise rotation was observed on the maxilla. 7. The lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone was affected by maxillary protraction.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.69-72
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• 2020

We report a surgically challenging case of a large lipoma located from the temple, across the zygomatic region to the buccal area, resembling two different masses. An 82-year-old man presented with two persistently growing soft masses at his left temple and cheek. A computed tomographic scan revealed a single large radiolucent mass extending from the submuscular layer of the left temple crossing beneath the zygomatic arch to the buccal region, rather than two individual masses. Excision was performed through upper gingivobuccal and temporal incisions. The mass was dissected through both incisions, cut in half, and extracted from both sides. No complications were observed. The biopsy result was consistent with a lipoma. Four months later, the scars were inconspicuous, and the patient was satisfied. Considering the size, shape, and location, this is a rare and intriguing case. The bi-directional approach allowed for successful total excision without any complications, leaving inconspicuous scars.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.383-387
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• 2010

Complete removal of three-compartment trigeminal schwannomas is a challenge to neurosurgeons. To expand exposure of each compartment, the combination and modification of skull base approaches are necessary. The 61-year-old woman was admitted with chronic headache. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed $47{\times}50{\times}40\;mm$-sized tumor originating primarily in the middle cranial fossa extended to the posterior and the infratemporal fossa. We performed operation in five stage; 1. Zygomatic osteotomy, 2. Inferior temporal fossa plate removal and foramen ovale opening, 3. Cavernous sinus opening, 4. Tailored anterior petrosectomy, 5. Meckel's cave opening. Combination of skull base surgery should be concerned according to the patient. In this study, extradural basal extension with zygomatic osteotomy, interdural posterior extension with tailored anterior petrosectomy, and intracavemous exploration are reasonable options for remodeling three-compartment lesion into a single compartment. Tailoring of bone resection and exploring through natural pathway between meningeal layers accomplish single-stage operation for complete removal of tumors.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to observe the effect of Embedding therapy on complete facial palsy after primary treatment. Methods : 11 patients with complete facial palsy were treated with Embedding therapy. It was performed once a day, every two weeks. 15~20 Embedding threads were used in each Embedding therapy treatment. The total number of Embedding therapy treatments was 4 or 8. Frontalis muscles (including the Yangbaek ($GB_{14}$)), Orbicularis oculi muscle, Levator labii superioris muscle, Zygomatic major muscle, Zygomatic minor muscle (including the Georyo ($ST_3$) and Jichang ($ST_4$)), Masseter muscle, Buccinator muscle (including the Hyeopgeo ($ST_6$)) and Orbicularis Oris muscle were selected. Yanagihara's score and House-Brackmann scale were compared for before and after treatment to evaluate the effect of Embedding therapy. Results : Yanagihara's score increased significantly (p=0.003). House-Brackmann Scale decreased significantly (p=0.005). Three patients were extremely satisfied, six patients were satisfied, and two patients responded neutrally in regards to Embedding therapy. Conclusions : Embedding therapy can be effective in improving symptoms of complete facial palsy.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.399-402
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• 2003

A female unknown aged Yorkshire terrier, weighing 3.5 kg with nasal discharge, left facial swelling and severe inflammation was referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul National University. Radiographic findings were lytic change and soft tissue swelling of left zygomatic process and increased radiopacity of nasal cavity. In computed tomography, turbinate bone destruction was observed as well as lytic change of left zygomatic process and left maxilla indicating aggressive lesion. Then 3-dimensional reconstruction was also performed. Biopsy of tissue mass revealed it as squamous cell carcinoma. For this patient, euthanasia was performed guarded prognosis. Generally, tumors of the nasal cavity in dogs account for approximately 1 % to 2% of all neoplasms. The prevalence of these tumors increased with age and exposure to the ultraviolet. About two thirds of all nasal tumors are malignant tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. As these tumors of nasal cavity are locally invasive, and external beam radiotherapy is the current treatment of choice. Unfortunately, diagnosis of these tumors often occurs late in the course of disease, resulting in a poor prognosis for outcome in many patients. It is considered that computed tomography could be used as an aid modality for the exact evaluation of extend and degree of bone lysis of nasal cavity and metastasis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.207-216
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• 1992

The congenital condition referred as hemifacial microsomia is characterized by underdevelopment, malformation or abscence of certain soft and hard tissue derivatives of the first and second branchial arches and open also of structures which are not derived from the branchial arches, such as the zygoma, temporal bone. This is a report about a 14 years old male patient with the chief complaint of severe facial asymmetry, who was diagnosed as hemifacial microsomia having agenesis of the right mandibular condyle and zygomatic arch. Deformities and rib bone graft on the affected mandibular condyle and body, and LeFort I osteotomy in the maxilla. To correct contour-deficient chin, we performed the genioplasty, and the zygomatic arch was reconstructed with rib bone graft.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2023

Coronoid process hyperplasia (CPH) of the mandible is a rare condition in which abnormal elongation of the coronoid process leads to chronic mandibular hypomobility. CPH causes impingement or impedance of the coronoid process on the inner surface of the frontal part of the zygomatic bone during mouth opening. The lack of significant symptoms makes the diagnosis difficult. Its etiology remains inconclusive despite several theories being suggested. In this report, three reviewed cases are presented. All three patients visited our clinic with limited mouth opening as the chief complaint. Standard clinical and radiographic examinations were conducted under the initial impression of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), and restricted jaw movements were confirmed in all cases. The absence of improved signs and symptoms following conservative treatment for TMDs or the indeterminate plain radiographs required the attending clinicians to consider three-dimensional imagery. Computed tomography revealed bilateral coronoid hyperplasia in all cases and impingement on the zygomatic bone in two of the three cases. After concluding that this condition caused the patients' limited mouth opening, the patients were referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for possible bilateral coronoidectomy or coronoidotomy. CPH usually presents no symptoms apart from a progressive reduction of mouth opening over time. Diagnosis is often delayed, and patients may undergo unnecessary treatment procedures. Clinicians should be aware of this condition and exercise caution in the differential diagnosis of patients with chronic mandibular hypomobility.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권33호
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• pp.383-402
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 감성 변화에 따라 나타나는 얼굴 표정에 대한 해부학적 접근방식으로 근육 체계에 의해서 부호화하는 얼굴 움직임 부호화 시스템(FACS, Facial Action Coding System)을 얼굴표정에 적용하고 이를 바탕으로 듀센스마일(Duchenne smile)을 가상 캐릭터에 적용하여 검증해 보고자 한다. 인간의 표정을 인식하는 방식이 동일하게 가상의 캐릭터에도 적용된다는 선행연구를 바탕으로 애니메이션, 게임 등의 캐릭터에 보다 사실적인 표정을 담을 수 있는 연구 방식을 제안하고자 한다. 실험을 위해 훈련된 연극전공 학생들에게 정서 유발 실험을 통해 듀센 스마일과 일반 스마일을 추출하였다. 추출된 표정을 바탕으로 얼굴 근육 데이터를 표집하여 입과 입술주변의 근육과 다른 부위의 얼굴 표정 빈도를 산출하여 얻어진 데이터를 가상 캐릭터에 적용해 보았다. 그 결과 미소 표정에서 근육의 움직임은 협골 대근육의 수축으로 인한 입술 끝이 상향운동을 하며 안륜근이 수축하며 뺨이 올라가고 눈의 아래쪽 외측 눈꺼풀이 올라가는 표정이 나타났다. 개방성과 관련된 입주변 근육(AU25, AU26, AU27)과 코주위 근육(AU9)이 함께 협골근과 광대근 주변 근육의 움직임이 표현되었다. 그중 듀센 미소는 협골 대근육과 안륜근이 동시에 움직이는 형태로 발생되었다. 이를 바탕으로 본인의 의지에 의해 수행 가능한 광대근육과 감성적 정서에 공감하여 웃음의 형태로 나타나는 안륜근을 구분하고 이를 가상의 캐릭터의 근육에 적용하여 인간의 표정과 가상의 캐릭터 표정이 서로 구분 가능한지를 설문을 통해 알아보고자 하였다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제40권
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• pp.40.1-40.8
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• 2018

Background: A 9-year-old male showed severe defects in midface structures, which resulted in maxillary hypoplasia, ocular hypertelorism, relative mandibular prognathism, and syndactyly. He had been diagnosed as having Apert syndrome and received a surgery of frontal calvaria distraction osteotomy to treat the steep forehead at 6 months old, and a surgery of digital separation to treat severe syndactyly of both hands at 6 years old. Nevertheless, he still showed a turribrachycephalic cranial profile with proptosis, a horizontal groove above supraorbital ridge, and a short nose with bulbous tip. Methods: Fundamental aberrant growth may be associated with the cranial base structure in radiological observation. Results: The Apert syndrome patient had a shorter and thinner nasal septum in panthomogram, PA view, and Waters' view; shorter zygomatico-maxillary width (83.5 mm) in Waters' view; shorter length between the sella and nasion (63.7 mm) on cephalogram; and bigger zygomatic axis angle of the cranial base (118.2°) in basal cranial view than a normal 9-year-old male (94.8 mm, 72.5 mm, 98.1°, respectively). On the other hand, the Apert syndrome patient showed interdigitating calcification of coronal suture similar to that of a normal 30-year-old male in a skull PA view. Conclusion: Taken together, the Apert syndrome patient, 9 years old, showed retarded growth of the anterior cranial base affecting severe midface hypoplasia, which resulted in a hypoplastic nasal septum axis, retruded zygomatic axes, and retarded growth of the maxilla and palate even after frontal calvaria distraction osteotomy 8 years ago. Therefore, it was suggested that the severe midface hypoplasia and dysostotic facial profile of the present Apert syndrome case are closely relevant to the aberrant growth of the anterior cranial base supporting the whole oro-facial and forebrain development.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.331-335
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• 2020

Various anesthetic techniques have been utilized for maxillo-mandibular fixation. We report the case of a patient with bilateral condylar and zygomatic arch fractures who had severe pulmonary dysfunction. The patient was administered bilateral image-guided Gasserian ganglion block through the foramen ovale to achieve surgical anesthesia. The technical details, advantages, and disadvantages of this rather unusual technique are discussed. The procedure could be a feasible technique when performed meticulously in cases where other approaches are deemed difficult.