• 공업화학
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.291-298
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 pH 변화에 따른 양쪽성 계면활성제 첨가가 리포좀 특성에 미치는 영향에 관하여 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 아민 옥사이드(amine oxide) 양쪽성 계면활성제를 합성하고 $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR 및 FT-IR 분석을 통하여 구조를 규명하였으며, 계면활성제의 임계 마이셀 농도(critical micelle concentration, CMC) 및 표면장력 등의 계면 물성(interfacial property)을 측정하였다. 또한 제타 전위(zeta potential) 측정을 통하여 양쪽성 계면활성제가 양이온 계면활성제(cationic surfactant)에서 음이온 계면활성제(anionic surfactant)로 작용이 전환되는 등전점(isoelectric point)을 결정하였다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 등전점을 중심으로 한 pH 변화 및 아민 옥사이드 계면활성제의 탄화수소 사슬 길이가 리포좀의 평균 입자 크기 변화 및 제타 전위 등과 같은 안정성에 미치는 영향에 살펴보았다. 또한 pH 및 계면활성제의 탄화수소 사슬 길이 변화에 따른 및 리포좀과 계면활성제의 결합 정도(binding degree) 및 리포좀 막의 가변형성(deformability) 등의 측정을 통하여 리포좀 막의 유동성(fluidity) 변화에 미치는 영향을 이해하고자 하였다.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.605-613
• /
• 1992

분자량이 1,000과 2,000인 카보네이트형 폴리올(PTMCG)을 사용하여 MDI와 사슬 연장제인 N-methyldielhanolamine을 반응시켜 NCO-말단 프레폴리머를 합성한 후 이온화제로 1,3-propane sultone을 반응시켜 양쪽이온성 작용기를 갖는 카보네이트형 폴리우레탄(ZPU)을 합성하였다. 모델반응의 IR과 NMR 스펙트럼으로부터 동일한 조건하에서 이혼화가 잘 일어나고 있음을 알 수 있어, 양쪽이온성 카보네이트형 폴리우레탄의 구조를 확인할 수 있었다. 열적성질을 측정한 결과 유리전이온도(Tg)는 $-15{\sim}-30^{\circ}C$ 범위로써 분자량이 1,000인 폴리올을 사용한 경우 $-15{\sim}-18^{\circ}C$, 분자량이 2,000인 폴리올을 사용한 경우 $-25{\sim}-26^{\circ}C$임을 알 수 있었다. 기계적 성질을 측정한 결과 인장강도는 분자량이 1,000과 2,000인 폴리올 모두 다 이온함량에 따라 크게 증가되나 이온 함량의 몰비율이 4.0 이상에서는 오히려 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 신장율은 인장강도와 달리 이온함량에 따라 오히려 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 물성측정의 결과로부터 인장강도가 우수하고, 연신율이 크지 않은 ZPU10-30을 택하여, 투과증발법을 이용한 에탄올 수용액농축에 응용하였다. 보다 우수한 선택도를 얻기 위하여 hexamethylene diisocyanate(HMDI)를 이용하여 가교막을 제조하였다. 팽윤도 실험결과 50wt% 에탄올농도 근처에서 증가하는 경향을 나타내었는데, 이는 에탄올에 의한 가소화효과의 영향이라고 생각된다. 분리성능을 최적화하기 위해 공급액 농도변화와 온도변화를 실시하였다. 전반적인 투과증발분리 성능은 선택도 2~83.2 및 투과유량 $25.4{\sim}58.8g/m^2hr$를 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.39-42
• /
• 1985

Betaines of bicyclic imidazo-thiazoles were synthesized by the reaction of clectrophiles such as methyl isocyanate, methyl isothiocyanate, allyl isothiocyanate and ketene with 3-methyl and 3-phenyl-5, 6-dihydroimidazo [2,1-b] thiazole. In this reaction, the methyl group which was substituted at 3-position increased the yields of the products in comparison with those from phenyl group substituted substrates. Also, the betaines reacted with methyl iodide to give imidazo-thiazolium salts which were unstable at high temperature and converted the quaternary ammonium salts of original biheterocycles.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.1117-1124
• /
• 2011

We present a brief review for theoretical/computational studies of proton transfer processes of some simple biomolecules promoted by microsolvating water molecules. Focus is given on the relative stability of the canonical vs. zwitterionic forms of amino acids, tautomeric forms of the DNA base adenine, and the biologically active vs. inactive forms of nicotine. The biochemical implications of these findings are also discussed.

• 한국고분자학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국고분자학회 2006년도 IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies
• /
• pp.123-124
• /
• 2006

Ionic liquids (ILs) are collecting keen interests as an advanced substituent of electrolyte solution as well as novel solvents. In the present talk, I will introduce some strategies to fix IL structure on polymer chains to prepare polar polymers with low glass transition temperature. Namely, cationic, anionic, and zwitterionic monomers have been prepared, and they have been homopolymerized or copolymerized to prepare polymer electrolytes with different properties. The polymers themselves showed very poor ionic conductivity, but it was improved by suitable spacer between charged site and main chain. Other unique characteristics of functional ILs and new polymerized ionic liquids will also be mentioned.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.593-596
• /
• 2001

The reaction of [(2-N,N-dimethylaminomethyl) pheny] methylvinychlorosiane with t-BuLi in hexane solvent gave dimers, five isomeric 1,3-disilacyslobutanes which were weparated and charaterized. In trapping experiments with various trapping agents, no corresponding silene-trapping aduct was observed. We suggest that more important species for the formation of five isomeric dimers might be the zwitterionic species generated by virtue of intramolecular donor atom rather than the silene.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.597-604
• /
• 2001

The reaction of [(2-N,N-dimethylaminomethyl) pheny] methylvinychlorosiane with t-BuLi in hexane solvent gave dimers, five isomeric 1,3-disilacyslobutanes which were weparated and charaterized. In trapping experiments with various trapping agents, no corresponding silene-trapping aduct was observed. We suggest that more important species for the formation of five isomeric dimers might be the zwitterionic species generated by virtue of intramolecular donor atom rather than the silene.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.202-205
• /
• 1987

The reduction of some cyclic conjugated enones with electron-donating substituent on C-3 by sodium borohydride was accelerated on irradiation. The photo-enhanced reduction seems to undergo through zwitterionic species formed from the (n, ${\pi}^{\ast}$) triplet state of conjugated enones, followed by hydride attack to yield unsaturated or saturated alcohols.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.271-273
• /
• 1991

Poly (N-vinylcarbazole) was obtained spontaneously by 1,1,2,2-tetracyanocyclopropylstyrene(1) in polar solvents such as dichloromethane and acetonitrile at room temperature. The polymerization reactions were faster in more polar solvent and were not proceeded in less polar solvents such as chloroform and diethyl ether. The formation of poly (N-vinylcarbazole) was explained by bond-forming initiation theory, in which the initiating species are zwitterionic tetramethylene intermediates.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.710-719
• /
• 2001

Several amino acid transport systems in mammary gland have been characterized during the last few years. These systems may be divided into two broad categories based on whether they are sodium-dependent or $Na^{+}$-independent, and each of these categories is subdivided into 3 groups depending on whether the systems prefer zwitterionic, cationic or anionic substrates. The zwitterion preferring transport processes in mammary gland are $Na^{+}$-dependent system A and $Na^{+}$-independent systems L and T. System $y^{+}$ is a $Na^{+}$-independent transporter of cationic amino acids and $X_{AG^{-}}$ is a $Na^{+}$-dependent system for anionic amino acids. A ($Na^{+}+Cl^{-}$)-dependent system, selective for $\beta$-amino acids has been reported in rat mammary tissue. In addition, there is yet another class of transporters that have still broader specificity. The $Na^{+}$-dependent systems $BCl^{-}$-dependent and $BCl^{-}$-independent and $Na^{+}$-independent system $y^{+}L$ have been reported to mediate the transport of zwitterionic as well as cationic amino acids. Each system has been characterized with respect to its substrate specificity, affinity, kinetics and ion-dependence. Transport of amino acids by mammary tissue is regulated by i) the intracellular substrate concentration, ii) lactogenic hormones and iii) milk stasis. Four of the above transport systems (i.e. A, L, $y^{+}$ and $BCl^{-}$-independent) are up-regulated by lactogenic hormones (insulin, cortisol and prolactin) in mammary gland.