• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.7-11
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• 1999

Fully sealed field emission display in size of 4.5 inch has been fabricated using single-wall carbon nanotubes-organic vehicle com-posite. The fabricated display were fully scalable at low temperature below 415$^{\circ}C$ and CNTs were vertically aligned using paste squeeze and surface rubbing techniques. The turn-on fields of 1V/${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and field emis-sion current of 1.5mA at 3V/${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (J=90${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/$\textrm{cm}^2$)were observed. Brightness of 1800cd/$m^2$ at 3.7V/${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ was observed on the entire area of 4.5-inch panel from the green phosphor-ITO glass. The fluctuation of the current was found to be about 7% over a 4.5-inch cath-ode area. This reliable result enables us to produce large area full-color flat panel dis-play in the near future. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much attention because of their unique elec-trical properties and their potential applica-tions [1, 2]. Large aspect ratio of CNTs together with high chemical stability. ther-mal conductivity, and high mechanical strength are advantageous for applications to the field emitter [3]. Several results have been reported on the field emissions from multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs) and single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) grown from arc discharge [4, 5]. De Heer et al. have reported the field emission from nan-otubes aligned by the suspension-filtering method. This approach is too difficult to be fully adopted in integration process. Recently, there have been efforts to make applications to field emission devices using nanotubes. Saito et al. demonstrated a car-bon nanotube-based lamp, which was oper-ated at high voltage (10KV) [8]. Aproto-type diode structure was tested by the size of 100mm $\times$ 10mm in vacuum chamber [9]. the difficulties arise from the arrangement of vertically aligned nanotubes after the growth. Recently vertically aligned carbon nanotubes have been synthesized using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition(CVD) [6, 7]. Yet, control of a large area synthesis is still not easily accessible with such approaches. Here we report integra-tion processes of fully sealed 4.5-inch CNT-field emission displays (FEDs). Low turn-on voltage with high brightness, and stabili-ty clearly demonstrate the potential applica-bility of carbon nanotubes to full color dis-plays in near future. For flat panel display in a large area, car-bon nanotubes-based field emitters were fabricated by using nanotubes-organic vehi-cles. The purified SWNTs, which were syn-thesized by dc arc discharge, were dispersed in iso propyl alcohol, and then mixed with on organic binder. The paste of well-dis-persed carbon nanotubes was squeezed onto the metal-patterned sodalime glass throuhg the metal mesh of 20${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size and subse-quently heat-treated in order to remove the organic binder. The insulating spacers in thickness of 200${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ are inserted between the lower and upper glasses. The Y\ulcornerO\ulcornerS:Eu, ZnS:Cu, Al, and ZnS:Ag, Cl, phosphors are electrically deposited on the upper glass for red, green, and blue colors, respectively. The typical sizes of each phosphor are 2~3 micron. The assembled structure was sealed in an atmosphere of highly purified Ar gas by means of a glass frit. The display plate was evacuated down to the pressure level of 1$\times$10\ulcorner Torr. Three non-evaporable getters of Ti-Zr-V-Fe were activated during the final heat-exhausting procedure. Finally, the active area of 4.5-inch panel with fully sealed carbon nanotubes was pro-duced. Emission currents were character-ized by the DC-mode and pulse-modulating mode at the voltage up to 800 volts. The brightness of field emission was measured by the Luminance calorimeter (BM-7, Topcon).

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2011

연구 목적: 본 연구의 목적은 색소체인 크롬염화물을 지르코니아에 첨가함으로써 지르코니아의 색상 및 물리적 성질, 그리고 미세구조가 어떻게 변화하는지 알아보고자 한다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 크롬염화물의 함량이 지르코니아 분말에 각각 0.06, 0.12, 0.25 wt%가 되도록 측량하고 알코올에 녹여 액상상태의 크롬염화물을 준비하였다. 지르코니아 분말과 각각의 액상상태의 크롬염화물을 혼합하고 혼합된 분말을 이용하여 디스크형태의 지르코니아 시편을 제작하였다. 제작된 시편은 $1450^{\circ}C$에서 완전소결 후 색상 및 물리적 성질, 그리고 미세구조를 관찰하였다. 색상은 분광측색장치를 이용하여 국제조명위원회 (CIE) ISO 기준인 D65 광원, SCE 방식으로 측정하여 $L^*$, $C^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ 값으로 분석하였다. 밀도는 아르키메데스 법으로 측정하였고, 주사전자현미경과 X선 회절 분석기를 이용하여 시편의 미세구조 및 결정상을 관찰하였다. 파괴인성은 압흔 형성법(Vickers indentation법)을 이용하여 시편에 압흔 형성 후, 광학현미경으로 압흔의 크기를 측정하고 이를 이용하여 파괴인성을 구하였다. 결과는 일원배치분산분석 (one-way ANOVA)으로 통계처리 하였고, Tukey test로 사후 검정하였다. 결과: 1. 크롬염화물을 첨가하여 지르코니아의 색상을 조절할 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 크롬염화물 첨가 함량이 증가함에 따라 지르코니아 색상은 백색계통의 갈색에서 짙은 색의 갈색으로 변하였다. 2. 크롬염화물의 첨가는 시편의 밀도를 점점 감소시켰으며, 크롬염화물이 첨가되지 않은 시편과 비교 시, 크롬염화물의 첨가량이 증가할수록 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다 (P<.05). 3. 크롬염화물이 첨가된 시편은 첨가되지 않는 시편에 비해 결정립 크기가 증가하였다. 4. X-선 회절 분석결과, 크롬염화물의 첨가 여부와 첨가 함량에 상관없이 지르코니아 결정상의 차이점은 관찰되지 않았다. 5. 지르코니아에 크롬염화물을 첨가 시 크롬염화물의 첨가 함량에 따라 파괴인성값은 감소하였고, 특히 0.25 wt%의 크롬염화물을 첨가 시 가장 낮은 파괴인성 값을 보였다 (P<.05). 결론: 이상의 결과로 크롬염화물을 액체상태로 첨가하여 지르코니아의 색상을 조절할 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 제작한 유색 지르코니아의 색상은 자연치아 색상과 다소 차이가 있지만, 본 소재는 임상에서 사용되는 완전도재관 코어 (Core) 재료로써 사용할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.