• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 1995

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the nitrogen fertilization levels on the content of $NH_4^+$-N in soil of 'Suffolk' Kentucky bluegrass and zoysiagrass. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1.According to the nitrogen fertilization levels, the content of $NH_4^+$-N in soil of Kentucky blue-grass and zoysiagrass was not significantly different. The content of $NH_4^+$-N in soil of Kentucky bluegrass and zoysiagrass was highest in June and December and lowest in March and September. 2.The content of $NH_3^-$-N in soil was increased by increasing the nitrogen fertilization levels in both Kentucky bluegrass and zoysiagrass. However, the deeper the depth of soil the less the content of $NO_3^-$-N in soil. In 40~60cm soil depth, the content of $NO_3^-$-N in soil was lower than 10ppm in average. Even in June, which was the highest month of the content of $NO_3^-$-N in soil, the content of $NO_3^-$-N in soil was not overpassed the degree of 20ppm.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2017

Zoysiagrass has been used in Korea as a native grass. Informations on distributions, classifications, breeding efforts and outputs, current production and uses of zoysiagrasses in Korea are summarized. During past a few decades, collection of naturally growing zoysiagrass ecotypes has been continued, followed by evaluation, selection and cross-pollination. Classification efforts using important morphological, biochemical traits and DNA polymorphisms resulted in the several suggestions of grouping zoysiagrass species and varieties. Zoysia japonica consistently form separate group, while Zoysia sinica and Zoysia macrostackya have been separately or inter-mixed. Z. matrella with some variations frequently grouped separately but with some similarity with Z. tenuifolia, which was recently renamed as Z. pacifica. Hybrid types of zoysiagrasses were frequently found in Korea. New varieties such as 'Kunhee' and 'Green Ever' etc. were bred by ecotype selections, while 'Senock', 'Semil', 'Millock' were bred through pollination. Molecular approaches were also used to introduce beneficial genes into zoysiagrasses with no practical outputs by legal regulations. Currently popular varieties are inter-specific hybrid types such as 'Anyang' and other local zoysiagrasses as well as common zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) Production area in Korea was estimated as 2,947 ha with increasing problems of mixed or contaminated species and varieties.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2009

Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) is one of the important turfgrass species. Extending green period of zoysiagrass via delaying leaf senescence will make this species have more potential in the turfgrass industry. In this study, we found that zoysiagrass seedlings treated with $GA_3$ could delay the leaf senescence induced by darkness. To study expression of genes responsive to staying green in zoysiagrass, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to identify differentially expressed genes between non-$non-GA_3-treated$ and $GA_3-treated$ seedlings subjected to darkness. A total of 307 ESTs were generated, of which 226 ESTs clustered into 54 contigs and 81 were singlets. Differentially expressed genes selected by subtractions were classified into six categories according to their putative functions generated by BLAST analysis. Expression of five selected genes, Met, SAM, V-ATPase, Cry (Cryptochrome gene), and An (diphthine synthase gene) were examined by RT-PCR and Real-time PCR. Both RT-PCR and Real-time PCR results demonstrated that the differential expressions of these genes were attributable to delaying senescence by exogenously applied gibberellic acid. This is the first genome-wide study of senescence in a species of turfgrass.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2003

Ecological control can contribute to the sustainibility of vegetation management systems by reducing the input currently derived from non-renewable fossil energy sources. The use of turfgrass mixtures is an important tool in turf management. Turfgrass mixtures of two or more compatible and adapted species provide improved tolerance to pest and environmental stress, more so than monostands. The objectives of this study were to evaluated turf insects, pests and zoysia large patch control by turgrass mixtures. In April 2001 and 2002, plots were inoculated with 50g of Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2LP inoculum. Inoculum were treated within a 29cm diamater circle at Zoysia japonica, Zoysia japonica, Poa pratenis, or Festuca arundinacea mixtures. After four weeks, disease severity in each plot was determined. plot area visual ratings were assessed visually on a linera 0 to 100%. In August 2001 and October 2002, turf insects and pests in each plot were investigated in 10cm deep soil cores with 8cm diameters using hole cut. Zoysia large patch affected zoysiagrass monostands more severly than zoysiagrass and cool-season turfgrasses mixtures. It was suggested that the barrier effect of cool-season turfgrass suppressed zoysia large patch in the mixture of zoysiagrass and cool-season turfgrasses. Also, warm-season and cool-season turfgrasses mixtures suppressed insect populations more efficiently than warm-season turfgrass monostands.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.383-389
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• 2015

The use of zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) in the transition zone is limited because of a lack of cold hardiness although zoysiagrass has many advantages compared to other warm-season and cool-season grasses. Late-fall N fertilization is often applied for darker green color of turfgrass in early spring and more extensive root growth without rapid top growth. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of late fall N application and turf cover for zoysiagrass spring green-up. Clear polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film was used for turf cover. The amount of N applied were 5 and $10g\;N\;m^{-2}$ for the low and high N rate treatments, respectively. Covered zoysiagrass had greater turfgrass color and quality in early spring than non-covered zoysiagrass. The high N rate had 0.6 to 2.3 greater turfgrass quality than the low N rate on 7 of 9 rating dates. Slow-release N as late fall fertilization is more effective for turfgrass color and quality than fast-release N in spring. Turf cover could reduce the period of yellow zoysiagrass, and the earlier time of spring green-up could be advanced by increasing turfgrass quality and growth of zoysiagrass.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2004

Transgenic zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica cv. Zenith) plants have been obtained by particle bombardment of embryogenic callus with the plasmid pSMABuba, which contains hygromycin resistance (hpt) and bialaphos resistance (bar) genes. Parameters on DNA delivery efficiency of the particle bombardment were partially optimized using transient expression assay of a chimeric $\beta-glucuronidase$(gusA) gene driven by the CaMV 35S promoter. Stably transfarmed zoysiagrass plants were recovered with a selection scheme using hygromycin. Transgenic zoysiagrass plants were confirmed by PCR analysis with specific primer for bar gene. Expression of the transgene in transformed zoysiagrass plants was demonstrated by Reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR analysis. All the tested transgenic plants showed herbicide BastaR resistance at the field application rate of $0.1\%-0.3\%$.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2016

장성지역 잔디 재배지에서 총생 증상의 들잔디가 발생하였다. 총생 증상의 들잔디는 작고 다발형태로 유의한 형태적인 변화를 보였고, 병징은 여러 개의 잎이 짧은 포복경 마디에 무더기로 발생되어 빗자루처럼 총생 형태를 보였으며, 총생 형태의 잔디는 잎이 황화되면서 연녹색이나 노란색을 띄었다. 총생 증상을 보이는 들잔디는 건전한 들잔디에 비해 포복경 1개 마디당 약 5.8배 이상의 잎이 발생하였다. 또한 과도한 지상부 생육으로 인해 포복경과 지하부 생장이 저조하였다. 총생 병징의 들잔디를 채집하여 병원균을 배양한 후 관찰한 결과 포자낭의 모양은 레몬모양이었으며, 포자낭 축의 끝이 뾰족하게 튀어나와 있었고, 크기는 $60{\sim}96{\times}42{\sim}51{\mu}m$로 관찰되었다. 이는 Sclerophthora macrospora 병원균이 형성하는 포자낭의 균학적 특징과 유사하였고, 봄과 가을에 병징을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 국내 잔디 재배지 총생 증상에 대한 기초적인 자료를 제시하고자 한다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2012

본 연구는 파라핀 오일 처리가 한국잔디의 녹색기간연장에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 수행하였다. 10월 초순에 파라핀 오일(순도 98%)을 50배와 100배, 200배로 희석하여 경남 합천과 경북 상주지역의 광엽형 한국잔디(Zoysia japonica)와 부산 금정 및 경기도 안성의 중엽형 한국잔디(Zoysia matrella)에 처리한 결과 50배액 처리시 엽색 감소 효과가 높았다. 광엽형 한국잔디에서는 처리 후 60일 후에까지 엽색도가 무처리에 비하여 높게 유지되었다. 파라핀 오일10월 중순 처리 시에도 경기 안성과 경남 합천, 경북 상주 지역의 엽색도가 60일째까지 높게 나타났다. 파라핀 오일 10월 초순 처리 시 엽록소 함량은 무처리에 비하여 높았다. 파라핀 오일 처리 후 절단한 잔디의 지상부 무게 감소율은 10월 초순 부산 금정처리와 10월 중순 경기 안성지역 파라핀 오일 처리에서 낮았다. 미국 켄터키주 렉싱턴의 들잔디에서 동일 농도의 파라핀 오일 처리시, 처리 물량이 많아질수록 엽록소 함량이 높게 유지 되었다. 따라서 파라핀 오일은 가을철 들잔디의 녹색기간 연장에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.321-326
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• 1997

A high seed yield '232' was evaluated for morphological characteristics and tissue culture re-sponse. The effect of mowing and urea application on coverage in '232' was also studied and the results were as follows ;1.'232' produced high seed yield than any other lines, but its other characteristics such as coverage, establishment rate, stolon length, stolon number and colour change were not good. 2.Callus induction of '232'(52.9%) was relatively high, and higher than that of Z. sinica(49.0%). However, embryogenic callus formation of '232' was not as good as that of Z. japonica and Z. sinica. 3.Coverage of '232' was very much enhanced by mowing on July 18, but not at all by mowing on May 29 and September 4. 4.Urea application did not increase the coverage in '232',Therefore, it can be used as a breeding material rather than direct use.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2004

들잔디(Zoysia japonica Steud.)의 최적 조직 배양 조건을 확립하기 위하여 성숙종자로부터 최적 캘러스 유도 및 효율적인 식물체 재분화에 미치는 몇 가지 요인의 영향을 조사하였다. 성숙종자로부터 배발생 캘러스 유도율은 3mg/L 2,4-D가 첨가된 MS 배지에서 85%로 가장 높았으며 NAA 또는 IAA를 첨가한 처리구보다 높게 나타났다. 배발생 캘러스로부터 식물체 재분화는 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D와 5 mg/L BA가 첨가된 N6 배지에서 73.3%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 기본배지의 종류에 따른 배양효율의 차이는 배발생 캘러스 유도에는 MS 배지가, 식물체 재분화에는 N6배지가 가장 효과적이었다. 재분화 된 식물체는 1/2 MS rooting 배지에서 뿌리를 형성되어 pot에 이식하였을 때 정상적으로 분화되어 생장하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 확립된 단기간 고효율 재분화 시스템은 분자육종을 통한 신품종 들잔디의 개발에 유용하게 응용되어질 수 있을 것이다.