• KSBB Journal
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.271-277
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• 2014

In this study, crude extract of the seagrass Zostera japonica, and its solvent-partitioned fractions were evaluated for their antioxidant activity. The crude extract was successively fractionated into n-hexane, 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq.MeOH), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and water fractions by liquid-liquid partition. These include DPPH radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging in HT-1080 cells, peroxynitrite scavenging, and protective effect on DNA damage caused by hydroxyl radicals generated. In all assays, except for DPPH radical, 85% aq.MeOH and n-BuOH fraction showed the strong antioxidant activity. These results suggest that Z. japonica may be used as a potential source of natural antioxidants for the development of cosmetic product or functional food in the future.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2004

Feeding habits of Rudarius ercodes collected from a Zostera marina bed in Jindong Bay, Korea were studied. R. ercodes was a omnivore which consumed mainly gammarid amphipods, polychaetes and eelgrass (z. marina). Its diets also included a small amount of copepods, urochordates and caprellid amphipods. R. ercodes showed ontogenetic changes in feeding habits. Small individuals less than 2cm SL fed mainly on copepods, however, gammarid amphipods and polychaetes were heavily selected with increasing fish size. The consumption of eelgrass by R. ercodes was $10-20\%$ all size classes. The dietary breadth of R. ercodes were varied with fish size

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1969

General components, free sugars, and free amino acids about Zostera marina which is much distributing and producing along the coastlines of Korea have been separated and identified through Ion exchange resin and Paper chromatography method. So distrigushed are sugars contained that this was quantitated by Bertrand method. 1) The result of the general component analysis of Zostera marina shows that there are much free sugars. 2) According to Bertrand method sugar containment quantitated from terrestrial stem and subterranean stem on Po-hang and Ko-hung areas is much more in terrestrial stem than subterranean stem. 3) Seven kinds of sugars are used in experiments(Table 2) among there glucose, fructose and sucrose which keep the sweetness are very much contained. 4) Shown in Fig. 3 ten kinds of free amino acids inspected from experimental liquid by Paper chromatography are separated, which are known, and one spot which in unknown is additionally separated, and in which four kinds of essential amino acid to nutrient are contained.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.141-150
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• 1970

As a part of taxonomical and ecological studies on the yeasts in marine environments, several kinds of yeasts were isolated from Zostera marina several invertebrates (penaeus, Meretrix and Neptunus) and surface sea water, which are collected at the two established sites of estuarine areas ; Dolsan isaland in Youchun district and Baiksu-ri in Youngkwang district. The obtained results can be summarized as follows. 1. Ascosporgenous Yeasts. Hansenula sp I and Hansenula sp II were isolated from Zotera marina and Hanse nular sp I from penaeus. 2. Asporogenous Yeasts. Trichoporon fermentans, Torulopsis, ernobii and Toruopsis dattia were isolated from Zostera marina, Candida krusei from Meretrix and Neptunus, Torulopsis pinus from surface sea waters, and Phodotorula aurantiaca from Penaeus. 3. More notable isolations of several species from Zostera marina than the other sources could be assumed as related to the higher sugar concentration of this plant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.275-276
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• 2001

한반도에 자생하는 해산현화식물인 거머리말속 (Zostera, 잘피)의 거머리말 (Zostsra marina), 애기거머리말 (Z. japonica), 수거머리말(Z. caulescens)과 포기거머리말 (Z. caespitosa)들은 연안의 사질과 사니질에 생육하며 생태계에 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 이들 식물의 군집들은 조간대와 조하대에 침수 또는 노출되어 생육하면서 영양염과 중금속 순환에 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 식물체는 유기쇄설물을 먹이연쇄에 공급하는 기능을 하며, 중금속을 고등 영양단계로 수송하는 역할을 한다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.280-285
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• 2012

We investigated germination rate of Zostera marina and Phyllospadix japonicus, which are the most two abundant seagrass species of Korea, in related to light, salinity and temperature. Light had no significant effect on Z. marina germination, but it promoted P. japonicus germination. The highest germination of Z. marina appeared in 0 psu, and that of P. japonicus appeared in 15 psu. The optimum water temperatures for germination of Z. marina and P. japonicus were $5^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$, respectively. These differences of optimum germination requirements of Z. marina and P. japonicus were probably caused by the difference of the habitat environment of the two seagrass species. Since few data exist concerning germination of Korean seagrasses, this study provides valuable information for the conservation of seagrass habitats in Korea.

• ALGAE
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.379-388
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• 2005

Seagrass bed is an important component in coastal and estuarine ecosystems, providing food and shelter to a wide variety of fauna. Recently, seagrass coverage has declined significantly due to anthropogenic influences such as reclamation, dredging, and eutrophication and consequently, necessity of seagrass habitat restoration is rising. Transplantation experiments with Zostera marina using TERFS, staple method, and shell method have been conducted at Dadae Bay, Kosung Bay and Jindong Bay on the south coast of Korea to select an optimal transplanting method for restoration of Z. marina habitat. Three experimental sites located at the vicinity of natural Z. marina beds with an average water depth of about 4m. Z. marina plants, which were collected from donor bed in Koje Bay were also transplanted at 7 different time from October 2003 to July 2004 to find appropriate transplanting time. Density of Z. marina was monitored monthly at both transplanted areas and natural beds. Transplantation using the staple method showed the highest survival rate of transplant. Shell method was also an effective transplanting method at muddy areas in Kosung Bay and Jindong Bay, but not suitable at sandy areas in Dadae Bay. These results suggest that sediment composition of transplanting areas should be considered for the selection of the optimal transplanting method. Z. marina transplanted during fall usually showed the highest survival rate, while most Z. marina plants transplanted in summer died due to high lethal temperature during this period.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2012

To study the difference in growth characteristics between intertidal and subtidal eelgrass Zostera marina populations, environmental factors and changes in tissue carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents in eelgrass from the lower intertidal and upper subtidal zones were surveyed monthly in the Seomjin Estuary from May 2003 to December 2004. Water temperatures, water column nutrient concentrations, sediment pore water, and ammonium and phosphate concentrations showed no significant differences between intertidal and subtidal zones. Sediment pore water nitrate+nitrite concentrations were slightly higher in the intertidal zone than in the subtidal zone. Average monthly exposure times in the intertidal and subtidal zones were $42.4{\pm}5.8h\;month^{-1}$ and $15.3{\pm}3.5h\;month^{-1}$, respectively. Eelgrass leaf N content decreased from March to August and increased from September to February in the subtidal zone, whereas these trends were not observed in the intertidal zone. Eelgrass rhizome C content increased from April to September and decreased from October to March in the subtidal zone, whereas those tendencies were not recorded in the intertidal zone. Eelgrass rhizome C:N ratios showed a strong reverse trend to leaf C:N ratios in the subtidal zone, but these tendencies were not observed in the intertidal zone. The effects of exposure appeared to cause no seasonal trend in eelgrass tissue C and N content or C:N ratios in the intertidal zone in the Seomjin Estuary.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.87-91
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• 2016

Objectives : In order to confirm whether extracts of different parts of Zostera marina (ZM), a marine flowering plant, can be used as cosmetic ingredients, this study evaluated their cytotoxicity and cytoprotective effects against ultraviolet B (UVB). Inflammatory responses induced by UV stimuli are also associated with the aging of the skin.Methods : We investigated the effects of ZM extracts on cells through the water soluble tetrazolium salt-1(WST-1) assay for cell viability. In order to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects, we evaluated the suppression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by ZM extracts in HaCaT cells with UVB-induced damages, and also evaluated the production of Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) in RAW 264.7 cells with LPS-induced damages.Results : High cell viabilities above 90% were observed in all types of ZM extracts, except for whole ZM extract at 0.5 mg/ml; in keratinocytes with UVB-induced damages, the cell viabilities were above 80% when treated with all types of ZM extracts. We confirmed their anti-inflammatory effects by investigating the suppression of inflammatory mediators. In keratinocytes with UVB-induced damages, COX-2 expression decreased in the experimental group treated with ZM extract. Similarly, in RAW 264.7 cells where inflammation was induced with LPS, the biosynthesis of PGE₂ was inhibited.Conclusion : These results suggest that ethanol extracts from Zostera marina may have value as the potential anti-inflammatory medicinal plant. Also based on the abovementioned results, ZM extract protects skin cells from UV-induced damages, and thus can be used in topically applied products for skin protection.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2018

The genome sequences of two novel monopartite RNA viruses were identified in a common eelgrass (Zostera marina) transcriptome dataset. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analyses revealed that these two novel viruses belong to the genus Amalgavirus in the family Amalgaviridae. They were named Zostera marina amalgavirus 1 (ZmAV1) and Zostera marina amalgavirus 2 (ZmAV2). Genomes of both ZmAV1 and ZmAV2 contain two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 encodes a putative replication factory matrix-like protein, while ORF2 encodes a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain. The fusion protein (ORF1+2) of ORF1 and ORF2, which mediates RNA replication, was produced using the +1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) mechanism. The +1 PRF motif sequence, UUU_CGN, which is highly conserved among known amalgaviruses, was also found in ZmAV1 and ZmAV2. Multiple sequence alignment of the ORF1+2 fusion proteins from 24 amalgaviruses revealed that +1 PRF occurred only at three different positions within the 13-amino acid-long segment, which was surrounded by highly conserved regions on both sides. This suggested that the +1 PRF may be constrained by the structure of fusion proteins. Genome sequences of ZmAV1 and ZmAV2, which are the first viruses to be identified in common eelgrass, will serve as useful resources for studying evolution and diversity of amalgaviruses.