• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2006

Methanol extracts (80%, $10{\mu}g/mL$) of Actinidia chinensis (AC) and Zizyphus jujube(ZJ) inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) induced by compound 48/80. Evaluation of AC and ZJ solvent fractions (chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water) revealed that the butanol fraction of AC at $5{\mu}g/mL$ and water fraction of ZJ at $1{\mu}g/mL$ exhibited the highest anti-allergic effects. Combination of the butanol fraction of AC and water fraction of ZJ when combined showed higher inhibition of histamine release than either alone. The levels of cAMP in RPMCs treated with AC and ZJ were significantly increased compared to the compound 48/80 treated control. Our findings suggest that the extracts from AC and ZJ may alleviate immediate hypersensitivity reactions through the increase of cAMP in the mast cells.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2012

Eight flavonoids were isolated from the BuOH fraction of the 70% EtOH extract of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa seeds along with three known compounds, daucosterol (1), butyl ${\beta}$-D-fructofuranoside (2), and magnoflorine (4). On the basis of spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature values their structures were elucidated as 6"'-feruloylspinosin (3), nicotiflorin (5), 6"'-p-coumaroylspinosin (6), isospinosin (7), 6"'-vanilloylspinosin (8), spinosin (9), hovetrichoside C (10), and camelliaside B (11). Compounds 1, 2, 10, and 11 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 2005

The effects of sedative peptide alkaloids from Zizyphus species on calmodulin- dependent protein kinase II were investigated. Protein kinase II activity was assayed on the basis of its ability to activate tryptophan 5-monooxygenase as its substrate in the presence of calmodulin. All thirteen alkaloids tested were stronger inhibitors than chlorpromazine ($IC_50,\;98{\mu}M$) on calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Among them, the most potent inhibitor was daechuine S27 ($IC_{50},\;2.95{\mu}M$), which was stronger than pimozide ($IC_{50},\;15.0{\mu}M$).

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Zizyphus vulgaris supplementation on growth performance, blood cortisol and meat quality characteristics in finishing pigs. The total of thirty-six [Duroc${\times}$Yorkshir${\times}$Landrace] pigs ($91{\pm}2.11$ kg average initial body weight) were used in a 30-days assay. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (basal diet), 2) T1 (basal diet for 15 days and 0.1 % Zizyphus vulgaris for 15 days) and 3) T2 (0.1 % Zizyphus vulgaris for 30 days). The ADG (Average daily gain), ADFI (Average daily feed intake) and ADG/ADFI during the feeding period were not significantly differences among the treatments (p>0.05). Backfat thickness of pigs fed CON was higher than those of T1 and T2 (p<0.05). The appearance rate of A or B carcass grade was in T1 (74%) and T2 (84%) was significantly higher than that in CON (58%) (p<0.05). Pigs fed Zizyphus vulgaris 0.1 % for 30 days tended to decrease on blood cortisol compared with pigs fed CON and T1. But, there was not significantly difference among the treatments (p>0.05). The Hunter's L/sup */ (lightness) value of loin in the pork fed CON was higher than that of loin in the pork fed T1 and T2 (p<0.05). After 7 days, the L/sup */ value of loin in the pigs fed T2 was higher increased than that of pigs fed T1 and CON (p<0.05). However, a/sup */ and b/sup */ values were not affected by dietary Zizyphus vulgaris (p>0.05). There were not found remarkable differences in sensory properties (marbling, firmness and color) among the treatments. The results from the present study suggest that Zizyphus vulgaris could be a effective feed additive to improve meat quality of pigs. However, further research is needed to investigate effects of carcass characteristics.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.114-120
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• 2014

Zizyphus jujube leaf fractions (ZLFs) showed no cytotoxic effects of up to $100{\mu}g/mL$, while the anti-inflammatory effects of ZLFs were analyzed by checking the productions of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inflammatory cytokines TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw264.7 macrophage up to the concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. ZLFs ($100{\mu}g/mL$) demonstrated a strong anti-inflammatory activity that reduced 61~85% of NO and 71~100% of $PGE_2$ production in the LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 macrophage. Even the low ZLFs concentration of $1{\mu}g/mL$ have reduced NO and $PGE_2$ production by 34~64%. Expressions of COX-2 protein were also effectively inhibited by the ZLFs. Furthermore, the TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 production were significantly suppressed through the treatment of ZLFs at concentrations of 1, 10, and $100{\mu}g/mL$. In the order of the Zizyphus jujube leaf water fraction (ZLWF) < buthanol fraction (ZLBF) < ethyl acetate fraction (ZLEF) showed anti-inflammatory activity. In particular, the ethyl acetate fraction ZLEF at $100{\mu}g/mL$ showed an excellent anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the production of NO, $PGE_2$, COX-2, and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6) in the level of Raw264.7 macrophage without LPS-stimulation or even better. The results of our study suggest the potential of ZLEF for use as an excellent ant-inflammatory inhibiting mediator and may be used as a therapeutic approach to various inflammatory diseases.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 2006

The objectives of this study, an analysis of fruit and leaf morphological characteristics among the five Zizyphus cultivars could be used for the investigation of cultivars classification and could provide information to make out the UPOV TG(Test Guidelines). ANOVA tests showed that there were statistically significant differences in all fruit and leaf morphological characteristics among the five Zizyphus cultivars at 1% level. But, for kernel characteristics, differences were statistically non-significant among the cultivars. Approximately, the Wolchul and Boeun cultivars showed larger and smaller values in overall characteristics and cultivars, respectively. The results of principal component analysis(PCA) for the fruit and leaf morphological characteristics showed that the first for principal components(PC's) explained about 65.3% of the total variation. The first PC was correlated with those characteristics that were mainly related to the terminal leaf length(TLL), leaf length(LL), fruit length(FL), terminal leaf width(TLW), and leaf petiole length(LPL). The second and third PC was mainly correlated with the terminal leaf morphological index(TLMI). Therefore, these characteristics were important to analysis of the fruit and leaf morphological characteristics and classification among the five Zizyphus cultivars. Cluster analysis using UPGMA method based on principal components showed that five Zizyphus cultivars could be clustered into two groups. Group I comprises Mudung, Wolchul, and Bokjo and Geumsung cultivars, Group II is Boeun cultivar. These results well similar to that of principal component analysis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.657-660
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• 2013

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.133-138
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• 1982

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.189-193
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• 2001

The relationships between the phytoplasmas infecting Zizyphus jujuba and Paulownia coreana were investigated by PCR-RELP. The 16S rRNA genes of the phytoplasmas were analyzed and compared with each other after PCR amplification. The amplified bands 1.4 kb in size were analyzed by both restriction digestion and sequencing after cloning into a plasmid vector. In some cases, two different kinds of inserts were observed in the isolates that originated from a single plant. However, many of them appeared to be the amplification products of chloroplastic 16S rRNA gene of host plants. The phytoplasma gene could be differentiated from the chloroplastic gene by restriction digestion of the plasmids carrying the amplification products. Only the recombinant plasmids carrying phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene produced a 1.4 kb band when digested with the enzyme BanII. Of the 52 recombinant plasmids analyzed, 42 appeared to contain inserts that originated from the chloroplastic 16S rRNA gene of the host plants. No variation was detected among 16S rRNA gene of nine phytoplasma isolates infecting Z. jujuba. However, the phytoplasmas infecting Z. jujuba were different from that infecting P. coreana.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.329-338
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• 2008

This study investigates the effects of cooking utensils and jujube(Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao) paste on the quality characteristics of yakbab. Yakbab samples prepared with jujube paste were divided into a control(yakbab with 0% of jujube paste) and the groups with jujube paste added. The samples prepared with jujube paste were divided into JY1(yakbab with 2.60% of jujube paste), JY2(yakbab with 4.27% of jujube paste), JY3(yakbab with 5.88% of jujube paste), JY4(yakbab with 7.43% of jujube paste) and JY5(yakbab with 8.94% of jujube paste). The moisture content and the color score of pressure cooker treatment have higher than those of the pot. The moisture contents of JY2 and JY5 samples increased as compared to the other samples. The L(lightness) value scores of all samples with jujube paste added were higher than those of the others. Hardness, springiness and cohesiveness of JY4 sample showed higher than those of the control. Higher scores for color, moistness, mouth feel, sweet taste and overall taste were found in JY4 products as compared to the other samples.