• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.674-680
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• 2013

Basic studies for the treatment of particulate organic substances contained in wastewater by flotation have been conducted. Four kinds of plastics were chosen as the possibly existing organic particles in wastewater and the Zisman plots for these substances were constructed by measuring the contact angle of liquids on their surfaces. The critical surface tensions for these organic substances were estimated based on the constructed Zisman plot and the floatability of organic substances were regarded to be related with their molecular structure. The existence of dissolved organic substances such as a surfactant was observed to affect the extent of flotation of particulate organics. In addition, the consideration of work of adhesion was thought to be better than adopting the critical surface tension as the analytical basis in the operational design of flotation process of organic particles.

• 폴리머
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.589-598
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• 2000

불포화 폴리에스테르(unsaturated polyester : UPE) 수지를 다가알콜 (propylene glycol : PG, neopentyl glycol : NPG)의 각 몰비를 조정하여 포화 이염기산(isophthalic acid : IPA)과 불포화 이영기산 (maleic anhydride : MA)의 혼합물로 축합반응으로 제조하였다. 고체의 표면특성을 결정짓는 임계표면장력(${\gamma}_{c}$)을 Zisman plot으로 평가하였고, 또한 수지의 구조와 물성과의 관게를 레올로지 측정으로 조사하였다. 고체 glass에 의한 (${\gamma}_{c}$)은 UPE 수지 액체들에 대해서 30.5mN${\cdot}m^{-1}$를 얻었고, PG/NPG 몰비중 NPG 함량이 증가할수록 UPE 수지 용액의 접촉각과 표면장력이 감소됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 글리콜 몰비가 다른 UPE 수지의 동적 점탄성을 측정하면 정상류 점도의 전단속도 의존성, 동적 탄성율의 각 주파수 의존성에 의해 순수한 PG보다는 NPG의 함량이 증가할수록 낮은 값을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.177-184
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• 1998

분체 형태의 소수성 고분자 polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA), poly vinyl chloride(PVC)와 친수성 금속 aluminium에 대한 water, glycerol, formamide, diiodomethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane, 1-bromonaphthalene, acetone, chloroform, benzene, ethanol과 methanol과의 접촉각을 Washburn식을 기본으로 한 wicking법으로 측정하였다. 또한, 농도에 따른 음이온 계면활성제 SDS(sodium dodecyl sulfate)와 양이온 계면활성제 CTAB(cetyl trimethylamonium bromide) 수용액과의 접촉각을 측정하였다. 유기액체들과의 측정된 접촉각으로부터 Zisman plot을 사용하여 임계표면장력, ${\gamma}_c$를 예측하였으며, 농도에 따른 계면활성제 SDS와 CTAB수용액과의 접촉각으로부터 adhesion tension plot을 사용하여 ${\gamma}_c$를 예측하였다. 유기액체, 계면활성제 SDS와 CTAB수용액에 대해서 분체 PMMA의 ${\gamma}_c$는 각각 43.5, 28.3과 $36.2mNm^{-1}$이며, 분체 PVC의 ${\gamma}_c$는 각각 44.2, 28.0과 $34.8mNm^{-1}$값을 얻었다. 이로부터, 고체 표면의 적심성과 성질이 계면활성제의 첨가에 의해 변화됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 측정된 접촉각으로부터 조화평균식을 사용하여 각 고체의 표면자유에너지. ${\gamma}_s$와 그 성분 값들을 결정하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2011

The wettabilities of the partially fluorinated polymers (ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), ethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE), and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)) were investigated by contact angle measurements. Zisman plots for ETFE and ECTFE exhibited linear relationships, while the Zisman plot for PVDF showed a slight curvature, which was interpreted to indicate strong non-dispersive interactions between the surface and the contacting liquids. The Lifshitz-van der Waals forces of the fluoropolymers were estimated to increase in the order of ETFE < PVDF $\ll$ ECTFE. An evaluation of the polar or "acid-base" interaction energies showed that PVDF, which possesses the most acidic hydrogens among the examined fluoropolymers, has the strongest acid-base interactions.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2007

Chalcopyrite 를 대상으로 광미 중에 함유된 Sulfide 물질의 부유선별에 의한 분리회수 과정에서 산화가 부유성에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. Zisman Plot에 의해 도출된 Chalcopyrite 의 임계계면장력은 약 15.5 dyne/cm인 것으로 파악되었으며 포수제의 농도가 증가함에 따라 그 값은 감소하여 Chalcopyrite의 부유성이 상승하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 초기 산화에 의한 Chalcopyrite의 부유성 상승은 $S_2^{2-}$의 $S^o$로의 전환에 기인하는 것으로 판단되었으며 형성된 $S^o$가 $S_4^{2-}$ 및 $S_2O_3^{2-}$로 재전환됨에 따라 Chalcopyrite의 부유성은 다시 감소하는 것으로 사료되었다. 산화된 Chalcopyrite의 환원 시 부유성은 상승하는 것으로 나타났으며 산화/환원 과정에서의 임계계면장력의 변화 양상은 원자간 Bond Energy의 변화에 의거한 Energy Diagram으로 해석되었다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.388-396
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• 2009

The surface properties (water sorption and repellency, adhesion) are closely related to the surface tension of polymer solids. The critical surface tension (${\gamma}_c$) and surface tension (${\gamma}_s$) of a polymer solid were estimated by the contact angle method by our quantitative imaging system. BPDA (3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride)-BAPP (1,3-Bis(4-aminophenoxy) propane) polyimide was successfully synthesized. The ${\gamma}_c$ values were analyzed by a Zisman plot, a Young-$Dupr\acute{e}$-Good-Girifalco plot, and a log ($1+cos{\theta}$) vs log ${\gamma}_L$ plot. The ${\gamma}_s$ value of BPDA-BAPE polyimide was evaluated using the geometric mean equation and our multiple regression analysis. The calculated values of ${{\gamma}_s^d$ (a dispersion component), ${{\gamma}_s^p$ (a polar component), ${{\gamma}_s^h$ (a hydrogen bonding component), and ${\gamma}_s$ were 30.79, 9.32, 0.20, and 40.31 $mN{\cdot}m^{-1}$, respectively. The ${\gamma}_s$ of BPDA-BAPP polyimide containing both a methylene group and an ether group was larger than that of the polyimide containing only a methylene group.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2001

Plastic bonded explosive(PBX) is mainly composed of the nitramine-ploymer compositions. PBX is characterized by high velocity and pressure of detonation, low vulnerability and good thermal stability. Many important applications of PBX require the good adhesion between nitramine crystals and the binder. For PBXs as well as propellants, where good mechanical properties are of great importance, dewetting therefore must be prevented by strong adhesion between filler-binder. Adhesion depends on surface characteristics of filler and binder. In order to design for better adhesion, an understanding of the surface properties of explosive and binder is required. The surface free energies are calculated from contact angle values by the method of Kaelble. Critical surface tension of solids are calculated by Zisman plot. Critical surface tension is a useful parameter for characterizing the wettability of solid surface. In this study, HMX and 3 kinds of copolymers are selected, since they are widely used in many plastic bonded explosives. The technical objective of this investigation is to predict the interaction between filler and binder from their surface free energies.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.7-18
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• 1989

The distinguishing characteristic of the glow discharge is that chemical reaction induced by partially ionized gases are limited only to the substrate surface. Most studies have been done on the plasma etching and polymerization. The graft polymerization in vapour phase by cold plasma has been rarely investigated. In this study the system of tub3ar reaction chamber with capacitively coupled electrode of alternative current of 60 Hz was employed for the graft polymerization. The graft polymerization of Acylic Acid(AA) onto the poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was carried out by treatment of PET film and fabric by cold plasma (glow discharge of argon gas), followed by the supply of AA vapour. The graft yield was about 1 wt%. The surface property was determined by contact angle, the surface tension was evaluated by zisman’s plot and equation of surface tension mesurement. The results were as follows: 1. In order to obtain lower contact angle, it was effective to avoid the vicinity of electrodes for a setting position of substrate. 2. Contact angle affected on the monomer pressure and its duration of exposure to the acid vapour. 3. Polymer radical formation was influenced by the changes of the value of current density and plasma treatment time. 4. Total surface tension of plasma grafted PET film increased. With an increase in the carboxylic acid content, the dispersion force decreased, while, the polar force and hydrogen bonding force increased. 5. The contact angle decreased from $75^\circ$ to around $30^\circ$ by plasma grafting. There was no ageing effect on the contact angle after 4 months.