• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 1977

The purpose of this study was to determine human pulp reactions to temporary cements such as zinc oxide-eugenol cement, modified zinc oxide-eugenol cement (Cavitec) and calcium hydroxide cement (Dycal). Deep class V cavities were prepared in the human teeth with ultrahigh-speed handpiece operating at a free running speed of 300,000 r.p.m., using # 701 bur and water spray coolant. The cavities were flushed with water, dried with cotton pellets and filled with zinc oxide-eugenol cement, modified zinc oxide-eugenol cement and calcium hydroxide cement respectively. The teeth were divided into two groups, which one group was extracted after One day and the other was extracted after seven days. The samples were examined with microscope and the findings were as follows; 1. The pulp reactions to temporary cements were generally mild. Among them the reactions were moderate in zinc oxide-eugenol cement and, slight in calcium hydroxide cement. 2. Calcium hydroxide cement may be used properly as temporary cement for the purpose of pulp protection.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 1987

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing properties of endodontic cavity filling materials according to the time intervals after filling. Access cavities were prepared in extracted human premolar or molar teeth and filled with caviton, zinc oxide eugenol cement, zinc oxide eugenol cement with a base of gutta percha stopping and gutta percha stopping. After filling at the intervals of immediate, 2 days and 2 weeks the teeth were immersed for 2 weeks in 1% methylene blue solutions. Longitudinal sections were obtained from approximately center of teeth and the depth of dye penetration into the access cavities were observed by 10${\times}$macrolens. The following results were obtained. I. All the materials experimented showed varying depth of dye penetration. 2. Of the material tested, caviton showed the best marginal sealing qualities regardless of the time intervals after filling and the sealing properties of the gutta percha stopping was the worst. 3. Both in zinc oxide eugenol cement and zinc oxide eugenol cement with a base of gutta percha stopping, the fillings allowed to mature for 2 days in normal saline solution showed the best sealing properties and those with no maturing time revealed the worst sealing qualities. 4. The sealing qualities of zinc oxide eugenol cement with a base of gutta percha stopping revealed slightly lower depth of dye penetration than that of zinc oxide eugenol cements.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.272-288
• /
• 2000

Calcium hydroxide is used as a root canal medicament with its several pharmacological effects. However, it has been known that the usage of calcium hydroxide in the root canal system before canal filling with gutta-percha and zinc oxide eugenol-based cement induced change in the properties of root canal cement which might adversely affect sealing ability of the canal filling. The purpose of this study was to identify the reactivity of calcium hydroxide-eugenol compound made from chemical interaction of between calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide eugenol. Chemical properties of calcium hydroxide, eugenol, zinc oxide eugenol, calcium hydroxide-eugenol and calcium hydroxide-zinc oxide eugenol compound were analyzed using XRD. FT-IR Spectrophotometer and FT-NMR Spectrometer. The results were as follows: 1. The compound made from interaction between calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide eugenol was as follows : 2. Calcium hydroxide was shown to make chemical bond (ionic bond) with eugenol. 3. Since bonding between $Ca^{2+}$ and eugenol is simple ionic nature, under water existence, calcium hydroxide-eugenol compound may be ionized easily and its physical property be deteriorated.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 1980

This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a few disinfectant on amputated pulps of domestic dogs. The materials employed for the purpose were zinc oxide eugenol paste, calcium hydroxide as control groups and guaiacol (1%, 5%, 10% by weight) added zinc oxide eugenol paste and formaldehyde (1%, 5%, 10% by weight) added calcium hydroxide as experimental groups. Following were the results obtained throngh histo-pathological examination. 1) In calcium hydroxide-formaldehyde groups, secondary dentin formation was observed in the 2 weeks, but the remaining pulp tissue was severely atrophied according to the concentration of formaldehyde and the time increased. 2) In zinc oxide eugenol-guaiacol groups, the first evidence of secondary dentin formation was observed in the 3 weeks. It seems that the concentration variety of guaiacol influenced very little to the potential ability of dentin formation. 3) Except 1% formaldehyde containing calcium hydroxide group, every group showed severe pulp degeneration. In all groups of zinc oxide eugenol-guaiacol cases revealed the tendency of recovery.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.83.1-83.1
• /
• 1985

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 1975

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.41-52
• /
• 1988

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pulpal responses to acid etching of dentine. Total 72 class V cavaties' were prepared on the healthy permanent teeth from 6 dogs, and were divided into 4 groups. These were filled with filling materials after acid etching with each etchant for 1 min. Control group ; ZOE filling without acid etching. Group 1: Zinc Oxide-Eugenol cement filling. Group 2: Drying with hot air and Zinc oxide-Eugenol cement filling. Group 3: Scotchbond application and silux filling. Group 4: Silux filling. The dogs were sacrificed after 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks and 6 weeks following operation. The specimens were routinely prepared and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Followings were the results obtained through microscopic examination. 1. There was mostly severe pulpal responses in case of Silux filling after acid etching of dentine. 2. The pulpal responses of Silux filling after acid etching and application of Scotch bond group were more severe compared to Zinc Oxide-Eugenol cement filling group, but less severe compared to Silux filling group after acid etching of dentine. 3. The pulpal responses of Zinc Oxide-Eugenol cement filling group were similar to those of Zinc Oxide-Eugenol cement filling after drying with hot air group. 4. There was slight pulpal responses in early stage in case of Zinc Oxide-Eugenol cement filling group, but recovered to normal state soon after.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.151-157
• /
• 1991

The roles of temporary sealing materials used in endodontics are impotant Especially, its marginal sealing properties affect endodontic success and failure in endodontic treatment The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare and evaluate the marginal sealing properties of various temporary restorative materials used in endodontic access cavity by using electrochemical method. Standard endodontic access cavities were prepared in extracted human molar teeth and filled with Caviton, IRM, zinc oxide - eugenol cement. Each specimen was immersed in 1 % solution of KCl, and applied a potential of 9 V external power supply. Marginal microleakage and water sorption were measured for marginal sealing effect evaluation in comparison with each group. A comparative study of the obtained results have led to the following conclusions. 1. The Caviton group showed lower marginal microleakage value than the zinc oxide - eugenol cement and IRM group the 6 th day after. The IRM group showed lwoer marginal microleakage value than the zinc oxide - eugenol cement group from the 6 th day to the 12 th day. But there was no significant difference between zinc oxide - eugenol cement and IRM group after the 13 th day. 2. As time went by, marginal microleakage value was increased in Caviton, IRM and zine oxide - eugenol cement.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.25-40
• /
• 1991

Four root canal sealers, Apatite Root Sealer I and II composed mainly of hydroxyapatite/tricalciumphosphate, Sealapex containing calcium hydroxide, and Roth Sealer composed of zinc oxide - eugenol were compared on the culture of L929 fibroblasts. MIT (Methyl Thiazole Tetrazolium Bromide) colorimetric technique was used to measure the mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Results were as follows: 1. Hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate mixed sealers were significantly less toxic compared with calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide - eugenol type sealers. High pH of the calcium hydroxide sealer and release of eugenol component from the zinc oxide - eugenol type sealer were presumed to be the cause of the toxicity of these two sealers. In no cases, there were more cytoblastic effects in hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate mixed sealers compared to the control groups. 2. In all experimental groups, toxicity was decreased as dilutions were increased. However in zinc oxide-eugenol type sealer the cell activity was weakened for all dilution groups. 3. Regarding the effect of setting time, Apatite I and Sealapex were less toxic as the setting progressed. Apatite II kept constant regardless of the different time ellapsed after setting but Roth sealer revealed significantly higher toxicity for all experimental groups. 4. Comparing two different culture periods of 24 hours and 72 hours, Apatite I showed higher cell activities in longer period(72 hours) while Apatite II did not. Sealapex and Roth sealer, however, showed significantly lower cell activities in longer period.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.118-125
• /
• 1991

Eighty - eight recently extracted teeth were used to evaluate the leakage characteristics of the following retrofilling materials; amalgam, zinc oxide eugenol cement, glass - ionomer cement, and cermet glass - ionomer cement. Root canals were prepared with step - back method and obturated with gutta percha and zinc oxide eugenol sealer. Root apex were resected 2 mm from apex and class I cavities were prepared with 2 mm or 4 mm depth. The cavities were filled with above materials. After application of varnish on all surface except resected surface, the roots were placed in 1 % methylene blue solution for 6 days. After longitudinal polishing to expose cental parts of filled materials, penetrated depths of dye were measured. The results were as follws. 1. As retrofilling material, glass ionomer cement filling groups showed less leakage than the other groups except zinc oxide eugenol cement filling group(p<0.01). 2. Amalgam filling groups had greater leakage than zinc oxide eugenol cement filling group(p<0.01). 3. 4 mm depth of retrofilled cavity had no effect on leakage characteristics compared with 2 mm depth cavity(p>0.05). 4. Glass ionomer cement and cermet glass ionomer cement filling groups showed less apical leakage than amalgam filling groups. But there was no statistical significance(p>0.05). 5. There was no difference in apical leakage between glass ionomer cement filling groups and cermet glass ionomer cement filling groups(p>0.05).