• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.220-226
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Arsenic, which causes human carcinogenicity, is ubiquitous in the environment. This study was designed to evaluate modulation of arsenic induced cancer by resveratrol, a phytoalexin found in vegetal dietary sources that has antioxidant and chemopreventive properties, in arsenic trioxide ($As_2O_3$)-induced Male Wistar rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Adult rats received 3 mg/kg $As_2O_3$ (intravenous injection, iv.) on alternate days for 4 days. Resveratrol (8 mg/kg) was administered (iv.) 1 h before $As_2O_3$ treatment. The plasma and homogenization enzymes associated with oxidative stress of rat kidneys were measured, the kidneys were examined histologically and trace element contents were assessed. RESULTS: Rats treated with $As_2O_3$ had significantly higher oxidative stress and kidney arsenic accumulation; however, pretreatment with resveratrol reversed these changes. In addition, prior to treatment with resveratrol resulted in lower blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and insignificant renal tubular epithelial cell necrosis. Furthermore, the presence of resveratrol preserved the selenium content ($0.805{\pm}0.059{\mu}g/g$) of kidneys in rats treated with $As_2O_3$. However, resveratrol had no effect on zinc level in the kidney relative to $As_2O_3$-treated groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that supplementation with resveratrol alleviated nephrotoxicity by improving antioxidant capacity and arsenic efflux. These findings suggest that resveratrol has the potential to protect against kidney damage in populations exposed to arsenic.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 1987

The effects of various levels of copper(Cu) intake on the concentrations of copper, iron (Fe) and 3inc(Zn) in rat tissues were studied in growing rats. For different groups the drinking water was supplemented with 0(control), 25, 50, 100 and 200ppm Cu(as copper sulphate) for 1 day respectively. All animal groups were fed with the control diet (Cu contents, 12.8%mg/kg diet) during the experiment. At the end of the 4 week experiment, body weight gain was slightly lower in the Cu supply groups than in control group. Liver and serum Cu were significantly higher in 50, 100 and 200ppm Cu of male and in 200ppm Cu of female than in control groups. Spleen Cu was significantly increased by the supplementation of Cu. Liver and heart Fe of male and heart Fe of female were increased by incresing supplementary Cu levels. In 50ppm Cu group, liver, spleen and kidney Fe of female increased but the others did not. Fe of tissues was different in male and female rats according to Cu levels supplied. Serum Zn of male and female was significantly lower in 50, 100 and 200ppm Cu groups than in control and 25ppm Cu groups. When supplemented with Cu levels there were no significant differences among groups for liver, kidney, spleen and heart Zn as well as heart and kidney Cu.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1940-1947
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• 2020

Objective: Combination of two stressors on alteration of mineral footprints in animals needs due attention to meet maximum production and welfare, particularly in grazing sheep. This study tested whether ewes (Ovis aries) exposed to water deprivation and thermal-humidity stressors had altered mineral footprints in their wool, serum, urine, and feces. Methods: Nine ewes (age = 3 years; mean body weight = 41±3.5 kg) were divided among a control group with free access to water, and treatment groups with water deprivation lasting either 2 h (2hWD) or 3 h (3hWD) after feeding. Using a 3×3 Latin square design, animals were assigned to treatment groups for three sampling periods of 21 days each (n = 9). Blood was collected by jugular venipuncture. Wool was collected at the end of periods 2 and 3. Metabolic crates designed with metal grated floors were used for urine and feces collection. We measured sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), chloride (Cl), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). Results: The wool mineral levels did not differ between the treatment groups, although K was marginally lower (p = 0.10) in the 2hWD group. The serum and urine mineral levels did not differ between the treatments (p>0.05). Fecal K was significantly lower in the 2hWD group than in the other groups (p≤0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, water deprivation and thermal-humidity exposure altered the excretion of K, but not of other minerals, in the wool, urine, feces, or serum of ewes. Thus, no additional mineral supplementation is needed for water deprived ewes during thermalhumidity exposure.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.587-595
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• 2022

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Bifidobacterium animalis, Agave fructans, and symbiotic of both encapsulated on growth performance, feed efficiency, blood parameters, and immune status in broiler chickens, and to compare these with diets including antibiotic growth promoters and without additives. Methods: A comparative experimental study was carried out with 135 male Ross 308 broiler chickens. Each trial was divided into 5 equal groups. Control group (CON) received a standard diet without growth promoter; GPA, a standard diet with colistin sulfate and zinc bacitracin (0.25 g/kg of feed); PRE, a standard diet with 1% Agave fructans; PRO, a standard diet with Bifidobacterium animalis (11.14±0.70 log CFU/g); SYM, a standard diet with B. animalis and Agave fructans. Results: A significant decrease in food consumption was found for the GPA, PRE, and SYM, compared to the CON group. The results show a better feed conversion index in PRE and GPA with respect to the CON group with the highest conversion index. Interestingly, the weight of the gastrointestinal tract shows a statistically significant difference between GPA and PRE groups. Moreover, the length of the gastrointestinal tract of the GPA group was less than the PRE group. In the total leukocyte count, there was a statistically significant increase in the GPA group compared to the CON, PRE, and PRO groups, and the heterophiles-lymphocytes index was lower in PRO. Regarding the cytokines, interleukin 10 (IL-10) decreased in PRO compared to CON and PRE, while IL-1β increased in the SYM group. Conclusion: Alternative treatments were shown to achieve similar productive results as growth-promoting antibiotics and showed improvement over diet without additives; however, they have immunomodulatory properties and improved the development of the gastrointestinal tract compared to the treatment of growth-promoting antibiotics.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1059-1066
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• 2023

Objective: Present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Acacia nilotica bark extract as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers. Methods: Six hundred, day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into six groups (NC, without any supplementation; AB, NC+Zinc Bacitracin; PB, NC+Safmannan; ANBE1, NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.1%; ANBE3, NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.3%; ANBE5, NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.5%), with ten replicates per group (10 chicks/replicate) and feeding trial was lasted for 35 days. Results: Results showed that weight gain (1,296.63 g) and feed conversion ratio (FCR, 1.59) of AB was better than NC, during the finisher phase. Overall FCR of AB (1.53), PB (1.54), and ANBE5 (1.54) was significantly (p<0.05) better than NC. From carcass parameters relative weight of wing and heart were highest in ANBE3 (2.5% and 1.51%, respectively). Significantly (p<0.05) highest blood glucose level was observed in NC (264.5 mg/dL) and highest albumin concentration was found in AB (1.46 mg/dL). In addition, antibody titer levels against ND and IBD were higher in ANBE5 than NC, while higher relative weight of bursa was observed in ANBE3 than NC. The villus height to crypt depth ratio in all experimental groups was better than NC. Conclusion: Acacia nilotica bark extract could be a suitable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters to support the growth in broilers.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2014

본 실험은 Cu-sulfate와 Cu-soy proteinate(Cu-SP)가 산란계의 생산성과 소장 내 미생물 균총에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 사양 시험은 35주령의 산란계(Hy-Line Brown) 1,000수를 선별하여 A형 2단 4열 케이지에 대조구 포함 총 5처리구로 구성하여 처리당 4반복, 반복당 50수씩(2수 수용 케이지 25개) 난괴법으로 임의 배치하였다. 시험 기간 동안 물과 사료는 자유 섭취하게 하였으며, 일반적인 점등관리(자연일조 + 조명; 16 hr)를 실시하였다. 시험구는 대조구, Cu-Sulfate 50(Cu-sulfate로 Cu 50 ppm), Cu-sulfate 100(Cu-sulfate로 Cu 100 ppm), Cu-SP 50(Cu-soy proteinate로 Cu 50 ppm), Cu-SP 100(Cu-soy proteinate로 Cu 100 ppm) 총 5처리였다. 일계 산란율(Hen-day egg production)은 구리 첨가구들이 대조구와 비교하여 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높았으나. 사료 섭취량은 처리 간에 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 사료 요구량은 처리구 간에 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았지만, 구리 첨가구들이 낮은 경향(P=0.08)을 보여 주었으며, 연파란율은 처리구 간에 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 난각 강도는 구리 첨가구들이 대조구와 비교하여 유의적(P<0.05)으로 증가하였다. 간 내 Cu 함량은 Cu-sulfate 100과 Cu-SP 100 첨가구가 대조구와 Cu-sulfate 50과 Cu-SP 50 첨가구와 비교하여 유의적(P<0.01)으로 높았으며, Cl. perfringens는 구리 첨가구들이 대조구와 비교하여 유의적(P<0.01)으로 감소하였으나, 유익균인 Lactobacillus는 Cu-sulfate, Cu-SP 50 ppm 첨가구들이 대조구와 Cu-sulfate, Cu-SP 100 ppm 첨가구와 비교하여 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높았다. 결론적으로 Cu-sulfate와 Cu-SP는 산란계 산란율 개선에 있어서 비슷한 효과를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.355-362
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• 2008

Cr 및 Cu의 형태별 병용급여가 육성돈의 육성성적, 영양소 소화율, 분내 광물질 배출량에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다.1.유기태 또는 무기태 형태의 Cr과 Cu를 병용급여한 결과 육성돈의 일당증체량은 CrMet과 CuMet을 첨가한 구에서 높게(p<0.05) 나타나고 사료요구율도 낮았다(p<0.05). 반면에 CrMet과 CuSO4를 병용 첨가한 구에서는 사료섭취량은 낮고(p<0.05) 일당증체량도 낮게(p<0.05) 나타났다.2.영양소 소화율은 CrMet과 CuMet을 병용 첨가한 구에서 영양소 소화율이 높게(p<0.05) 나타났으나, CrMet과 CuSO4를 병용 첨가한 구에서는 낮게(p<0.05) 나타났다. CrCl3 첨가구에서는 CuMet 또는 CuSO4를 병용 첨가하더라도 영양소 소화율에는 유의적인(p>0.05) 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3.광물질 Cu, Zn, Cr의 각각의 분으로의 배출율은 CrMet과 CuMet을 병용 첨가한 구에서 낮았으며(p<0.05), CrCl3와 CuSO4를 병용 첨가한 구에서 높게(p<0.05) 나타났다.이상의 결과를 집약하여 보면 유기태 형태의 병용 첨가구가 무기태 형태 병용 첨가구보다 일당증체량이 높고 사료요구율이 개선되었고, 영양소 소화율도 높게 나타났다. 또한 유기태 형태로 급여한 병용 첨가구가 무기태 형태로 병용 첨가한 구보다 Cu, Zn, Cr의 분으로의 배출율이 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 본 시험에서는 유기태 또는 무기태 Cr과 Cu의 병용첨가는 성장률이나 영양소 소화율에서 교호 및 길항작용 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 유기태 형태의 광물질로 무기태 형태를 대체 급여시 토양에 과다 축적될 경우 환경오염을 일으킬 수 있는 광물질의 배설량을 감소시킬 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2011

A total of 96 crossbred weanling barrows aged 21 days were randomly allocated to 32 pens of a new nursery to investigate the effects of antibiotics, phytogenics, and probiotics on intestinal growth and development. The animals were fed a set of three-phase basal diets containing 0.3% zinc oxide (CON) or the basal diets supplemented with 353 ppm of a combination of tiamulin, neomycin, chlortetracycline, and oxytetracycline (ANTI), 75 ppm triterpenoid saponin plus 150 ppm mixed saccharides (HERB; Sacchapin$^{(R)}$), or $1{\times}10^7$ brewer's yeasts plus $8{\times}10^7$ spores of each of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis per kilogram feed (PROBIO; Yeasture Plus 2B$^{(R)}$) for five weeks. Thirty-two pigs representing as many pens were slaughtered at the end of the feeding trial, after which morphological measures and digestive enzyme activities of intestinal mucosa were determined. Weight gain and gain:feed of the pigs were not affected by the dietary treatments (TRT) during the overall feeding trial. Total intestinal length was greater in PROBIO than in ANTI (P<0.05). Wet mucosa weight of the duodenum was not affected by TRT. However, jejunal mucosa weight was greater in PROBIO than in any other group sum of mucosa weights of the duodenum and jejunum was greater (P<0.05) in PROBIO than in ANTI and HERB. The height and width of duodenal villus were not affected by TRT, but crypt depth decreased (P<0.05) in response to HERB and PROBIO vs CON. Specific activities of alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, maltase, lactase, and leucine aminopeptidase in the duodenum and jejunum were not changed by TRT. In conclusion, results suggest that the present dietary treatments have no effects on growth performance of weanling pigs and that of PROBIO enhances intestinal growth and development under a clean experimental setting.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.588-596
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of low doses of organic trace minerals (iron, copper, manganese, and zinc) on productive performance, egg quality, yolk and tissue mineral retention, and fecal mineral excretion of laying hens during the late laying period. Methods: A total of 405 healthy hens (HY-Line White, 50-week-old) were randomly divided into 3 treatments, with 9 replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate. The dietary treatments included feeding a basal diet + inorganic trace minerals at commercial levels (CON), a basal diet + inorganic trace minerals at 1/3 commercial levels (ITM), and a basal diet + proteinated trace minerals at 1/3 commercial levels (TRT). The trial lasted for 56 days. Results: Compared to CON, ITM decreased (p<0.05) egg production, daily egg mass, albumen height, eggshell strength, yolk Fe concentration, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and total protein, and increased (p<0.05) egg loss and feed to egg ratio. Whereas with productive performance, egg quality, yolk mineral retention, and serum indices there were no differences (p>0.05) between CON and TRT. The concentrations of Fe and Mn in the tissue and tibia were changed notably in ITM relative to CON and TRT. Both ITM and TRT reduced (p<0.05) fecal mineral excretion compared to CON. Conclusion: These results indicate that dietary supplementation of low-dose organic trace minerals reduced fecal mineral excretion without negatively impacting hen performance and egg quality.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.423-431
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• 2021

Purpose: To assess the effect of combination probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM-I 3799 and Bacillus subtilis CU-1 in outpatient management of acute watery diarrhea in children. Methods: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted in 180 participants aged six months to five years with acute mild to moderate diarrhea. All were enrolled from six centers across India and centrally randomized to receive S. boulardii CNCM-I 3799 and B. subtilis CU-1 or a placebo along with oral rehydration salts and zinc supplementation. Each participant was followed up for three months to assess recurrence of diarrhea. Results: The mean duration of diarrhea in the probiotic and placebo groups were 54.16 hours and 59.48 hours, respectively. The difference in the duration of diarrhea in those administered with probiotic or placebo within 24 hours of diarrhea onset was 25.21 hours. Furthermore, the difference in duration of diarrhea was 13.84 hours (p<0.05) for participants who were administered with probiotics within 48 hours. There were no significant differences in the stool frequencies between the two arms. After three months, 15% in the probiotic group and 18.5% in the placebo group reported episodes of diarrhea. The mean duration of diarrhea was considerably lower in the probiotic group, 31.02 hours versus 48 hours in placebo (p=0.017). Conclusion: S. boulardii CNCM-I 3799 and B. subtilis CU-1 combination was effective in reducing the duration of diarrhea when administered within 48 hours of diarrhea onset. Similarly, it reduced recurrence of diarrhea and its intensity in the subsequent three months.