• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.61-62
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• 2011

This study reviewed the effect of W/B, WO and curing method on the quality properties of RA using the BS brick under the zero cement condition. compressive strength was found to show an increasing trend as W/B increased, but to show a improvement in case steam curing was conducted, showing a higher increase at 1 day age in comparison with 7 day age. In addition, the compressive strength on the mixing of WO didn't show any specific trend. The absorption tended to decrease as W/B increased and met the less than 10% regulation value at 30~35% W/B in case WO was used, there appeared a decrease attributable to capillary pore filling effect due to saponification. On the other hand, compressive strength increases, th absorption showed a gradually decreasing tendency.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 1996

This study was conducted to develop the fermentation kinetic model for the prediction of acidity and pH changes in Kimchi as a function of fermentation temperatures. The fitness of the model was evaluated using traditional two-step method and an alternative non-linear regression method. The changes in acidity and pH during fermentation followed the pattern of the first order reaction of a two-step method. As the fermentation temperature increased from 4$^{\circ}C$ to 28, the reaction rates of acidity and pH were increased 8.4 and 7.6 times, respectively. The activation energies of acidity and pH were 16.125 and 16.003kcal/mole. The average activation energies of acidity and pH using a non-linear method were 16.006 by the first order and 15.813 kcal/mole by the zero order, respectively. The non-linear procedure had better fitting 개 experimental data of the acidity and pH than two-step method. The shelf-lives based on the time to reach the 1.0% of acidity were 33.1day at 4$^{\circ}C$ and 2.8 day 28$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.59-64
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• 2018

Construction schedule acceleration due to unreasonable construction planning frequently leads to construction accidents. In order to avoid such inevitable acceleration and to ensure safety in construction sites, there is a need for objective standards to determine appropriate construction duration for each construction process earlier in the process. In order to achieve the goal, intensive experts interviews were firstly conducted to identify candidate drivers affecting construction schedule of road tunnel excavation works. Then, a total of 34 field data was collected from on-going sites to analyze. It was found that actual excavation length per one day on site is varied mostly by Rock Mass Rating(RMR) types from various statistical analyses. Therefore an one-way table of excavation length per a day by RMR types were presented in a form of percentile. The results will help industry experts determine the most appropriate construction schedule for the works, which eventually lead to a zero accident site in many ways.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.426-438
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of the general characteristics of dental patients to their total O'Leary index and individual plaque indexes in a bid to check the oral hygiene state of citizens and evaluate their plaque management ability. The subjects in this study were 288 patients at dental hospitals and clinics in Busan and South Gyeongsang Province. A survey was conducted from September to November 2008. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. Overall, the O'Leary index of the patients investigated stood at 72 percent. By age and gender, the O'Leary index was highest among those in their 30s(83%) and among the women(75%)(p<.05). As to the influence of toothbrushing frequency, the patients who did it twice or more a day had the highest O'Leary index(75%)(p<.001). By the use of oral hygiene supplies, the patients who used oral hygiene supplies had a higher O'Leary index(76%) than the others who didn't(p<.01). 2. As for plaque index for each tooth, 28 percent of their teeth were given zero point, and 52 percent were given one mark. 13 percent were given two marks, and 6.3 percent were given three marks. Thus, the teeth that were given one mark were largest in number(p<.001). 3. As for plaque index for labial posterior mandibular, 43 percent of their teeth were given one point, and 36 percent were given zero mark. 14 percent were given three mark, and 5 percent were given three marks(p<.01). 4. As for plaque index for buccal posterior maxilla, 57 percent of their teeth were given one point, and 20 percent were given zero mark. 16 percent were given two mark, and 6.3 percent were given three marks(p<.01). 5. As for plaque index for lingual posterior mandibular, 56 percent of their teeth were given one point, and 27.8 percent were given zero mark. 9 percent were given three mark and 6 percent were given three mark(p<.001).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2017

The SRP (Solar Radiation Pressure) model has always been an issue in the dynamic GPS (Global Positioning System) orbit determination. The widely used CODE (Center for Orbit Determination in Europe) model and its variants have nine parameters to estimate the solar radiation pressure from the Sun and to absorb the remaining forces. However, these parameters show a very high correlation with each other and, therefore, only several of them are estimated at most of the IGS (International GNSS Service) analysis centers. In this study, we attempted to numerically verify the correlation between the parameters. For this purpose, a bi-directional, multi-step numerical integrator was developed. The correlation between the SRP parameters was analyzed in terms of post-fit residuals of the orbit. The integrated orbit was fitted to the IGS final orbit as external observations. On top of the parametric analysis of the SRP parameters, we also verified the capabilities of orbit prediction at later time epochs. As a secondary criterion for orbit quality, the positional discontinuity of the daily arcs was also analyzed. The resulting post-fit RMSE (Root-Mean-Squared Error) shows a level of 4.8 mm on average and there is no significant difference between block types. Since the once-per-revolution parameters in the Y-axis are highly correlated with those in the B-axis, the periodic terms in the D- and Y-axis are constrained to zero in order to resolve the correlations. The 6-hr predicted orbit based on the previous day yields about 3 cm or less compared to the IGS final orbit for a week, and reaches up to 6 cm for 24 hours (except for one day). The mean positional discontinuity at the boundary of two 1-day arcs is on the level of 1.4 cm for all non-eclipsing satellites. The developed orbit integrator shows a high performance in statistics of RMSE and positional discontinuity, as well as the separations of the dynamic parameters. In further research, additional verification of the reference frame for the estimated orbit using SLR is necessary to confirm the consistency of the orbit frames.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.381-387
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• 1999

Two experiments were conducted to subdivide threonine (exp. 1) and glycine (exp. 2) requirements of broilers into maintenance and growth requirements. Purified diets containing five graded levels of threonine (exp. 1) and glycine (exp. 2) were fed to growing chicks to estimate threonine (exp. 1) and glycine (exp. 2) requirements for growth and maintenance. A model developed to divide threonine requirement for maintenance from that for growth yielded a requirement for growth of 8.946 mg/g weight gain and 0.341 mg/mg N gain; the maintenance requirement was 0.033 or 0.030 mg per unit of metabolic body size $(Wg^{0.75})$. The plateau of plasma threonine concentration occurred at 279.4 mg threonine intake/day. The total threonine requirement was 289.1 mg/day or 0.69% of the diet, 294.1 mg/day or 0.71% of the diet based on weight gain and nitrogen gain responses, respectively. These estimates were in close agreement with previous estimates of threonine requirements. From the relationship of weight gain to N gain, 5.46% of the retained protein consisted of threonine; the reported threonine content of chick muscle was 4.02%. The glycine requirement for maintenance could not be determined due to failure to obtain data allowing extrapolation to zero response. However, ADG increased slightly up to 0.56% glycine.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2001

The Background and Purpose : Most diagnostic method for the facial palsy were invasive and complex. And we don't know very well prognosis for the recovery of facial palsy in the first stage after the onset. But the Digital Infrared Thermal Image(DITI) isn't invasive and complex diagnostic method for the facial palsy. So we should study on the clinical prognostic diagnosis of Bell's palsy among facial palsy with the DITI. Objective and Methods : This study researched into the clinical statistics for 89 case who are in Bell's palsy, and they are treated with oriental medical care at the Woosuk university during 2 years form November 1998 to October 2000. All objectives have the Grade 6(Zero state) of Bell's palsy in first week after the onset. It takes a patient's facial temperature after the onset. Group A is taken from 1 day to 4 days after the onset. Group B is taken from 5 day to 8 days after the onset. And group C is taken from 9 day to 12 days after the onset. Results and Conclusions : The Digital Infrared thermal image technique showed the more high temperature, the more rapid cure and short treatment period on TE23, B2, S3, S6 in abnormal site of Bell's palsy. But it showed the more low temperature, the more rapid cure and short treatment period on TE17 of abnormal site of Bell's palsy. As a conclusion, we could think that the prognostic diagnosis of Bell's palsy closely related with the thermal difference normal and abnormal site of Bell's palsy that were took picture after the onset.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11.1-11.16
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• 2024

Background: Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) is a fatal disease worldwide. The treatment of CPE is based mainly on supportive and symptomatic treatment. Antiviral addition to the treatment may result in a higher survival. Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of antiviral treatments with a standardized treatment (ST) on the clinical and inflammatory response of dogs with naturally occurring CPE. Methods: Twenty-eight dogs with CPE caused by canine parvovirus type 2 were divided randomly into treatment groups. The ST group received fluid, antibiotic, antiemetic, and deworming treatments. The antiviral treatment groups received the same ST with an additional antiviral drug, recombinant feline interferon omega (rFeIFN-ω), oseltamivir (OSEL) or famciclovir (FAM). Results: Compared to the healthy control, the tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, haptoglobin, and C-reactive protein values were high (p < 0.05) on day zero. At presentation, mild lymphopenia, neutropenia, and a high neutrophil to lymphocyte (LYM) ratio (NLR) were also observed. Adding rFeIFN-ω to the ST produced the best improvement in the clinical score with a decreased NLR, while leucocytes remained low and inflammatory markers stayed high on day three. The survival rates of the groups were 85.7% in ST+IFN, 71.4% in ST+OSEL, 71.4% in ST+FAM, and 57.1% in ST groups on day seven. Conclusions: Antiviral drugs may be valuable in treating CPE to improve the clinical signs and survival. In addition, the decrease in NLR in favor of LYM may be an indicator of the early prognosis before the improvement of leukocytes, cytokines, and acute phase proteins in CPE.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1530-1540
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• 2016

This study was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters of ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and acetone concentration in milk by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy along with test-day milk production traits including fat %, protein % and milk yield based on monthly samples of milk obtained as part of a routine milk recording program in Korea. Additionally, the feasibility of using such data in the official dairy cattle breeding system for selection of cows with low susceptibility of ketosis was evaluated. A total of 57,190 monthly test-day records for parities 1, 2, and 3 of 7,895 cows with pedigree information were collected from April 2012 to August 2014 from herds enrolled in the Korea Animal Improvement Association. Multi-trait random regression models were separately applied to estimate genetic parameters of test-day records for each parity. The model included fixed herd test-day effects, calving age and season effects, and random regressions for additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. Abundance of variation of acetone may provide a more sensitive indication of ketosis than many zero observations in concentration of milk BHBA. Heritabilities of milk BHBA levels ranged from 0.04 to 0.17 with a mean of 0.09 for the interval between 4 and 305 days in milk during three lactations. The average heritabilities for milk acetone concentration were 0.29, 0.29, and 0.22 for parities 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There was no clear genetic association of the concentration of two ketone bodies with three test-day milk production traits, even if some correlations among breeding values of the test-day records in this study were observed. These results suggest that genetic selection for low susceptibility of ketosis in early lactation is possible. Further, it is desirable for the breeding scheme of dairy cattle to include the records of milk acetone rather than the records of milk BHBA.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.75-82
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• 2017

While the internet has evolved in terms of information sharing and efficiency, it is still prone to security attacks and remains vulnerable even when equipped with a security mechanism. Repeated patching against hacks involves excessive wear of system equipment and high costs. Methods of improving network security include the introduction of security equipment and network partitions, but they have not been fully effective. A fundamental solution is the Operation Content Network (OCN), which enables the strengthening of authentication. In this paper, Instead of following the existing TCP/IP system, OCN establishes an immunity-based security system through content-centric communications. Data transmission occurs over a Content Centric Network (CCN), which is provided with a protocol verified by the CCNx group. Areas protected by OCN rely only on CCN for communication without using any IP. As such, it defends the system against unknown attacks, including zero-day attacks.