• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2004

Toxicities of 42 pesticides (13 acaricides, 13 insecticides, 13 fungicides and 3 adjuvants) commonly used to control rose insect, mite, and disease pests were evaluated to the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae egg and adult, and its predator Phytoseiulus persimilis egg, nymph and adult at the recommended concentration. The effect of density suppression of T urticae by predatory mite and pesticide mixture on the rose in the greenhouses was also investigated. Among 13 acaricides tested, acequinocyl, bifenazate, fenbutatin oxide and spirodiclofen showed much less toxicity to P. persimilis than to T urticae. Among insecticides, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, spinosad, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid＋etofenprox showed low toxicity to P. persimilis. and T ruticae. Among 13 fungicides, azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, myclobutanil, nuarimol, triadimefon, triflumizole and oxadixyl＋mancozeb had a negligible effect on P. persimilis and T. urticae. Among three adjuvants, cover and siloxane expressed high toxicity, while spreader showed very low toxicity to P. Persimilis. In the greenhouses experiments, the density of T urticae before treatment was 65.3 mites per leaf. However, their density after release about 30 predatory mites per rose abruptly decreased from 3.8 mites at 11th day to zero mite at 20th day. During survey periods, four treatments of fungicides (kresoxim-methyl, myclobutanil, nuarimol, triflumizole) for the control of Sphaerotheca pannosa and one treatment of insecticide (spinosad) the control of Frankliniella occidentalis were applied, and these treatments had no the pesticides had no effect on the predatory mite density. It may be suggested from these results that four acaricides, five insecticides, seven fungicides, and one adjuvant could be incorporated into the integrated T. urticae management system with P. persimilis on rose cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2010

The effect of soil salinity and soil-wetting by rise of water table on the growth of fruit trees was studied to obtain information for orchard establishment in the Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land. Survival ratio of trees was 85%for grape, 31%for fig, 15%for apple and pear, and near zero for peach and blueberry. Wet injury induced by water-logged or flooded condition, rather than salt injury(soil EC was lower than 3.0dS $m^{-1}$ during growing period) is thought to be more responsible for low survival ratio of fruit trees transplanted in Saemangeum area. During the summer raining season in the reclaimed areas, the soil salinity tends to be decreased by natural rainfall effect, and the rainfall acceptable capacity(RAC) of soils dramatically is reduced(10-24 mm) as rainfall is continued to occur. In spite of high hydraulic conductivity(121 cm $day^{-1}$) of soils across the area, low RAC of soils might be due to high soil saturation and elevated water table during summer raining season. Therefore, the installation of effective drainage system should be the primary factor determining successful establishment of orchard in the Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.2 s.163
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• pp.121-126
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• 2006

Snowmelt effect is identified from the analysis of the relationship between precipitation and groundwater level(GWL) data and Severe drawdown of GWL is observed in drought. Groundwater dam Operation Index (GOI), which is developed for the optimal operation of groundwater dam, is calculated by taking common logarithm of the moving average(MA) of precipitation data for a certain period. The period can vary from watershed to watershed because the period is decided by picking the maximum correlation coefficient between GWL and GOI of several MAs of precipitation. For Ssangchun watershed, the correlation was the strongest when we apply 70 day MA for GOI calculation. Snowmelt effect is considered by applying the temperature change by elevation($0.5^{\circ}C$ decrease per 100m) and examining the areal distribution of the watershed by elevation. Snow event is assumed when the daily average temperature is below $0^{\circ}C$ and snowmelt is assumed when the temperature is above zero degree Celsius. Total snowmelt is assumed for the day. When the snow event is occurred the precipitation data is separated into two components, snow and rainfall. The areal distribution by elevation is used for the calculation in the separation. The correlation between GWL and GOI is higher when we consider snowmelt effect than we neglected it.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 1990

Apparent and true metabolizable energy (AME and TME) contents and true amino acid availability (TAAA) values of full-fat seed, oil meal and oil of canola were assayed employing mature Single Comb white Leghorn roosters. For AME, test diets containing 30% level of canola full-fat seed, oil meal, oil meal plus oil or 10% level of oil were fed for a 3-day adaptation period, followed by a 4-day fecal collection period. For TME and TAAA, 30g test diets were force-fed and total excreta were collected for 48 hours, following a 24 hour fasting period. Metabolizable energy values were corrected to zero nitrogen balance(AMEn and TMEn), Canola contained 4,485, 1,984,8,275 and 5,655kcal/kg of AMEn and 4,577, 2,103, 8,487 and 5,630kcal/kg of TMEn for full-fat seed, oil meal, oil and mixture of meal plus oil, respectirely. The mixtures of oil meal plus oil had significantly higher available energy contents than the full-fat seeds (p＜0.01) . In general, TAAA values of full-fat seed were higher than those of oil meal.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2019

The government is promoting recycling of waste resources through the enactment of Fundamental Law on Resource Circulation, the revision of the Wastes Control Act and zero-landfilling of untreated waste through improved processes such as recycling and diversification. As of 2015, the total amount of landfilled waste is 38,308 ton/day in Korea. The amount of landfilled waste from industrial sectors is 23,577 ton/day, accounting for 62 % of total landfilled waste. In the study, we investigated the characteristics of the thermal treatment residue among inorganic wastes and estimated the landfill reduction potential according to the relevant recycling criteria, which can go through recycling paths. As a result, it is estimated that about 5~42 % of the landfilled waste can be reduced in case mandatory recycling and landfill suppression policies such as recycling criteria for thermal processing residues and expansion of recycling obligation targets should be implemented. In order to minimize landfill disposal, it is necessary to expand the diversity of waste recycling type and the usage of recycled products.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.305-317
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• 2010

In this research, a total of 11 newly designated offensive odorants in Korea in 2008 and 2010 (styrene (S), toluene (T), p-xylene (p-X), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), butyl acetate (BuAc), isobutyl alcohol (i-BuAl), propionic acid (PA), butyric acid (BA), isovaleric acid (IA), and valeric acid (VA)) were selected as target compounds and analyzed from two types of gutter system in the urban environment. Because of the environmental significance of these compounds as offensive odorants, the results are meaningful enough to explore their behavior and distribution in the urban environmental systems. In the course of this study, samples were collected three times a day from two different gutter systems representing the wet (W) and dry (D) conditions. A large fraction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) data fell into method detection limit (MDL) range with exceptions of toluene, p-xylene, and methyl ethyl ketone. In contrast, the results of organic fatty acids were distinguished by the relative dominance of butyric acid and propionic acid over others. If the concentration data of all odorants were converted into odor intensity (OI), the results of aromatics, ketones, acetate, and alcohol groups approached zero level. However, odor intensity of organic fatty acids was noticeably higher with the value of 2.8 (on average) from both W and D system, suggesting their potent roles as odorants in gutter system.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2014

Objectives : To investigate the clinical results of patients who were diagnosed with grade II spondylolithesis treated with Korean medicine of relaxative Chuna and Gangchuk herbal medicine. Methods : We reviewed medical records of four patients diagnosed with grade II spondylolisthesis. Each patient has taken intensive Korean medical admission treatment at Mokhuri Hospital. All patients received treatments of Gangchuk herbal medicine, relaxative Chuna and acupuncture during admission period. Before treatment and every after 7-day treatment the patient's pain and walking distance without pain were assessed. The zero minimum to ten maximum pain numeric rating scale(NRS) was used to determine the degree of pain. Results : Average admission duration was 23 days. All the patients' NRS decreased from median figure of 7.5[the minimum 7 to the highest 8] to median figure of 1[the minimum 0 to the highest 2]. Walking distance without pain increased from a median of 55 m[the minimum 20 m to the highest 100 m] to median of 165 m[the minimum 100 m to the highest 250 m]. Conclusions : Intensive conservative korean medical treatment was effective in reducing pain and functional improvement for grade II lumbar spondylosisthesis patients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1487-1494
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• 2003

Studies were conducted with intact White Leghorn roosters to determine the true metabolisable energy (TME) and the true amino acid availability (TAAA) in five dehulled and hulled soybean meals produced in China. 60 roosters, kept in individual cages, were fasted for 48 h and then tube-fed 50 g of one of experimental feedstuffs and their excreta was then collected for the subsequent 48 h period. Two separate collection periods were used with each meal being fed to 12 roosters. The birds were given a 15-day recovery period between collection periods. An additional 12 roosters were either fasted or fed a protein-free diet in order to estimate the extent of endogenous losses of energy and amino acids in excreta. The average values per bird for nitrogen loss, endogenous energy losses (EEL) and endogenous energy losses corrected to zero-nitrogen balance ($EEL_n$) were found to be 0.74 g, 47.0 kJ and 21.5 kJ, respectively. It was found that the TME and TAAA values of dehulled soybean meal were higher than those of hulled soybean meal. The TME and nitrogen-corrected TME metabolisable energy values of dehulled soybean meal were 10.58 and 10.74 MJ/kg, respectively, while the corresponding values for hulled soybean meal were 10.03 and 10.27 MJ/kg, respectively. The average indispensable and dispensable amino acid availability of dehulled soybean meal was 92.1 and 93.5%, compared with 89.3 and 91.4% for hulled soybean meal. Dehulled soybean meal would therefore appear to be superior to hulled soybean meal as a source of protein and energy for use in poultry rations.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.1027-1041
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• 2015

Recently, there are rapidly increasing cases of APT (Advanced Persistent Threat) attacks such as Verizon(2010), Nonghyup(2011), SK Communications(2011), and 3.20 Cyber Terror(2013), which cause leak of confidential information and tremendous damage to valuable assets without being noticed. Several anomaly detection technologies were studied to defend the APT attacks, mostly focusing on detection of obvious anomalies based on known malicious codes' signature. However, they are limited in detecting APT attacks and suffering from high false-negative detection accuracy because APT attacks consistently use zero-day vulnerabilities and have long latent period. Detecting APT attacks requires long-term analysis of data from a diverse set of sources collected over the long time, real-time analysis of the ingested data, and correlation analysis of individual attacks. However, traditional security systems lack sophisticated analytic capabilities, compute power, and agility. In this paper, we propose a Fast Data based real-time abnormal behavior detection system to overcome the traditional systems' real-time processing and analysis limitation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.10
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• pp.38.1-38.6
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• 2016

Background: Despite the importance of relationships between somatic cell score (SCS) and currently selected traits (milk, fat and protein yield) of Holstein cows, there was a lack of comprehensive literature for it in Iran. Therefore we tried to examine heritabilities and relationships between these traits using a fixed-regression animal model and Bayesian inference. The data set consisted of 1,078,966 test-day observations from 146,765 primiparous daughters of 1930 sires, with calvings from 2002 to 2013. Results: Marginal posterior means of heritability estimates for SCS ($0.03{\pm}0.002$) were distinctly lower than those for milk ($0.204{\pm}0.006$), fat ($0.096{\pm}0.004$) and protein ($0.147{\pm}0.005$) yields. In the case of phenotypic correlations, the relationships between production and SCS were near zero at the beginning of lactation but become increasingly negative as days in milk increased. Although all environmental correlations between production and SCS were negative ($-0.177{\pm}0.007$, $-0.165{\pm}0.008$ and $-0.152{\pm}0.007$ between SCS and milk, fat, and protein yield, respectively), slightly antagonistic genetic correlations were found; with posterior mean of relationships ranging from $0.01{\pm}0.039$ to $0.11{\pm}0.036$. This genetic opposition was distinctly higher for protein than for fat. Conclusion: Although small, the positive genetic correlations suggest some genetic antagonism between desired increased milk production and reduced SCS (i.e., single-trait selection for increased milk production will also increase SCS).